Revalorisation of a residue from the maize-snack industry through the development of bio-based materials. Effect of the plasticiser

Abstract

The current reliance on traditional plastics necessitates exploring natural-based alternatives derived from industrial by-products and waste. This study focuses on Nejayote, a waste product from the maize-snack industry, assessing its potential as a raw material. Glycerol and water (Gly and H₂ O) were employed as plasticisers in injection-moulded nejayote-based bioplastics, and their evaluation through rheological, tensile, water uptake, and SEM microscopy tests. Higher H₂ O ratios resulted in more easily processable blends with reduced consistency (η* decreased from (6.2 ± 0.2)·10⁵ to (1.2 ± 0.5)·10⁴ Pas). However, the formulation with the highest H₂ O content exhibited increased consistency (η* = (5.3 ± 0.3)·10⁷ Pas), since glycerol enhanced biopolymer chain mobility. Intermediate plasticiser combinations demonstrated a water uptake capacity of ∼75%, making these bioplastics versatile for various applications. This research highlights the potential of utilising “Nejayote” and optimising formulation for sustainable bioplastic development.