Effect of bariatric surgery on microvascular dysfunction associated to metabolic syndrome: a 12-month prospective study

Abstract

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on microvascular function in morbidly obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: A cohort of morbidly obese patients with and without MetS was studied before surgery and after 12 months of surgery. Healthy lean controls were also examined. Microvascular function was assessed by postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) at forearm skin evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from laser-Doppler skin blood flow and blood pressure. Regression analysis was performed to assess the contribution of different clinical, metabolic and biochemical parameters to microvascular function.

Results: Before surgery, 62 obese patients, 39 with MetS and 23 without MetS, and 30 lean control subjects were analyzed. The absolute area under the hyperemic curve (AUCH) CVC of PORH was significantly decreased in obese patients compared with lean control subjects. One year after surgery, AUCH CVC significantly increased in patients free of MetS, including patients that had MetS before surgery. In contrast, AUCH CVC did not significantly change in patients in whom MetS persisted after surgery. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that only changes in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) independently predicted improvement of AUCH after surgery. These two variables together accounted for 40.9% of the variability of change in AUCH CVC after surgery.

Conclusions: Bariatric surgery could significantly improve microvascular dysfunction in obese patients, but only in patients free of MetS after surgery. Improvement of microvascular dysfunction is strictly associated to postoperative increase in HDL-C levels and decrease in oxLDL levels.