Artículos (Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/26073
Examinar
Envíos recientes
Artículo White Grape Cell Walls as Fining Agents in Red Wine: Mechanistic Insights from ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy(MDPI, 2026-03-17) Gómez Pérez, Julia; Baca Bocanegra, Berta; Hernández Hierro, José Miguel; Beć, Krzysztof B.; Huck, Christian Wolfgang; Nogales Bueno, Julio; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Química Analítica; Junta de Andalucía; Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, CYTEDThe fining of red wines is a crucial process for enhancing their sensory quality, involving the elimination of compounds that compromise stability or generate undesirable attributes. Against the backdrop of growing interest in sustainable and allergen-free alternatives, this study examines the potential of using cell wall material from white grape pomace (Zalema, Pedro Ximénez and Moscatel varieties) as fining agents in red wine. Cell wall samples were isolated and characterised using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). PCA applied to the cell wall spectra revealed homogeneous matrices dominated by structural polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectins and arabinogalactans. Following the fining treatments, significant differences were observed in the generated sediments compared to the control, primarily due to signals attributable to phenols, proteins, and carbohydrates. This demonstrates the active involvement of these compounds in the formation of precipitates. The results confirm that the composition of the cell wall favours interaction with phenols and proteins in wine, thereby contributing to their elimination. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of cell wall material from white grape pomace as plant-based oenological fining agents, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of action.Artículo Safety of UV-treated oil from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-11-28) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on UV-treated oil from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is produced from farmed T. molitor larvae and consists mainly of fat (~99%). It is obtained by mechanical separation and is subsequently exposed to UVB radiation to enhance vitamin D3 content. UV-treatment substantially increased vitamin D3 levels. Under the proposed use levels, the NF represents a significant contributor to vitamin D intake from foods (including the background diet and fortified foods), accounting for up to half of the intake in older children, adolescents, and adults. Combined intakes from foods and the NF remained below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for all age groups. Analytical data showed that contaminant levels were below regulatory limits established for other foods, and intake estimates indicated that consumption of the NF would not substantially increase overall dietary exposure to undesirable substances. The Panel further notes that there are no safety concerns regarding the stability of the NF. The NF is intended for use as an ingredient in a range of food products, including bakery products, sauces, dairy desserts, and fats. The target population is the general population. Toxicological studies, including newly submitted in vitro genotoxicity tests, did not raise safety concerns. Animal studies indicated that vitamin D3 from the NF is bioavailable. The intake of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. The Panel notes that allergic reactions may occur upon consumption, due to primary sensitisation or cross-reactivity with other allergens. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed uses and use levels.Artículo Safety of the extension of use of oleoresin from Haematococcus pluvialis containing astaxanthin as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-12-03) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on an extension of use for the Novel Food (NF) ‘oleoresin from Haematococcus (H.) pluvialis containing astaxanthin (ATX)’ pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is already authorised under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 as an ingredient for use in food supplements (FS) as defined in Directive 2002/46/EC. The NF is produced by supercritical CO2 extraction of the homogenised and dried biomass of cultivated H. pluvialis and contains approximately 10% w/w ATX With the present dossier, the applicant seeks authorisation for an extension of use of the NF for the use in dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners and fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC. The applicant performed an intake assessment for ATX which covered combined exposure from the background diet with the consumption of fish and crustacea plus intakes of the NF from the intended new uses. In such a scenario the exposure for all population groups is below or at the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg bw per day. When adding also potential intake of ATX from the authorised use of the NF in FS, for children of 3 years of age and older and adolescents, the combined exposure from all three sources exceeds the ADI. For adults, the combined estimated intake is at the level of the ADI. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe at the intended new uses (dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners and fruit juices), provided that FS containing ATX are not consumed on the same day by children and adolescents.Artículo Safety of Rhizomucor pusillus biomass powder as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-12-01) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of the Rhizomucor pusillus biomass powder as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is a filamentous fungus biomass powder. The novel food is intended for use as an ingredient in various food products, targeting the general population when used as a food ingredient or whole food, individuals above 18 years excluding pregnant and lactating women in the case of food supplements, and adults for meal replacement for weight control. The information provided on the production process, composition, stability and specifications of the NF is sufficient and does not raise safety concerns. Based on the data provided the Panel considers that there are no concerns regarding genotoxicity. Results from the 90-day study did not show effects of toxicological relevance for humans up to the highest dose tested (19,668 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day). Under the proposed conditions of use, the highest intake estimates of the NF range from 539 to 1013 mg/kg bw per day. Taking into account the production process, the identity and compositional characterisation data and the lack of toxicity in the provided studies, the Panel considers that the resulting margin of exposure (MoE) for each population group is sufficient (37 for infants, 19 for young children, 26 for other children, 34 for adolescents and 31 for adults). The Panel considers that the likelihood of the NF triggering allergic reactions is low. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.Artículo Bioactive Lipophilic Antioxidants (Carotenoids, Tocols, Retinol, and Coenzyme Q10) in Human and Animal Tissues: Development and Validation of a Rapid Extraction and Chromatographic Method for Nutrition and Health Studies(MDPI, 2025-12-25) Benítez González, Ana; Stinco Scanarotti, Carla Maria; Brncic, Mladen; Barba, Francisco J.; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; European Union (UE); Junta de AndalucíasettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Bioactive Lipophilic Antioxidants (Carotenoids, Tocols, Retinol, and Coenzyme Q10) in Human and Animal Tissues: Development and Validation of a Rapid Extraction and Chromatographic Method for Nutrition and Health Studies by Ana M. Benítez-González 1ORCID,Carla M. Stinco 1,*ORCID,Mladen Brnčić 2,*ORCID,Francisco J. Barba 3ORCID andAntonio J. Meléndez-Martínez 1ORCID 1 Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain 2 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3 Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, 22, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Antioxidants 2026, 15(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15010043 Submission received: 17 November 2025 / Revised: 22 December 2025 / Accepted: 27 December 2025 / Published: 29 December 2025 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Food, Green Chemistry and Human Nutrition (GreenNutriFood 2025)) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figure Versions Notes Abstract A rapid and robust analytical method was validated for the simultaneous extraction and quantification of carotenoids and other lipophilic antioxidants (tocopherols, tocotrienols, retinol and coenzyme Q10) in human and animal tissues using a tandem RRLC-DAD-FLD system. Thirty-eight compounds were identified, with limits of quantification as low as 0.001 µg for astaxanthin, retinol, and coenzyme Q10. Most analytes exhibited high recoveries (85–94%) and good precision (coefficient of variation < 10%), except for Co-Q10, which showed moderate variability. The method was applied to seven human tissue types and their corresponding animal tissues, demonstrating high versatility and analytical reliability. Several isomers of colourless carotenoids were identified in human tissues for the first time, reinforcing their emerging relevance in photoprotection and health. This method provides a valuable analytical tool for investigating the tissue distribution, bioavailability, functionality and nutritional significance of lipophilic antioxidants, thereby supporting future research on antioxidant status and health-related actions.Artículo Sustainable ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from the seaweed Ulva lactuca: Performance of the green biosolvents 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-methyl oxolane) and ethyl lactate and optimization using response surface methodology(Elsevier, 2026-02-01) Menchaca-Martínez, Dania E.; Morón Ortiz, María de los Ángeles; Mapelli Brahm, Paula; Mussagy, Cassamo U.; Romero García, Alberto; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; AGR225: Color y Calidad de Alimentos; TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with green solvents for recovering carotenoids from dehydrated Ulva lactuca. Two green solvents (ethyl lactate and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) were compared with conventional food-grade solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and hexane). UAE significantly outperformed conventional maceration in carotenoid yield, depending on the solvent and compound. Ethanol and 2-MeTHF showed the highest total carotenoid content (TCC), with 2-MeTHF demonstrating high extraction efficiency across multiple carotenoids, including (all-E)-lutein and (9Z)-fucoxanthin. Response surface methodology identified amplitude, extraction time, and solvent-to-sample ratio as key variables. Under optimal conditions (64.7 % amplitude, 10 min, 70 mL/g), the TCC reached 37.79 μg/g dw (dry weight)—3.4 times higher than the lowest tested condition. The comparative greenness assessment highlighted 2-MeTHF as a sustainable and effective alternative to petroleum-based solvents for carotenoid extraction using UAE.Artículo Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain(Elsevier, 2026-01-28) Plata Calzado, Cristina; Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel; Cameán Fernández, Ana María; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaCylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MCs), primarily classified as cytotoxin and hepatotoxins, are among the most prevalent cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. Studies assessing the toxic effects of coexposure to CYN and MC-LR are very scarce, especially in mammals. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there are no studies that evaluate the potential effects of their mixture on the nervous system in rats. This study evaluated on the brain of rats the potential effect of an oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixture (7.5 + 75, 23.7 + 237 and 75 + 750 μg kg b.w.) and sacrificed at 48h. Results showed sex-dependent responses, with the intermediate dose showing the highest response. This dose caused important alteration in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities compared to controls in males. In females, all doses increased LPO levels, without changes in SOD or CAT and decreased AChE activity. Alterations in expression of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were detected. CYN and MC-LR metabolites were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. These findings suggest that oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixtures may cause neurotoxic effects in rats and that oxidative stress and inflammation could be associated toxic mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cyanotoxins risk assessment.Artículo The Traces of Repression in the Bones: Experiences of Exhumation, Identification and Anthropological Analysis in Mass Graves in Andalusia (Spain)(Wiley, 2025-01-14) Moreno González, Alejandra; Partido Navadijo, Manuel; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalThe application of forensic anthropological methodology in interventions aimed at the exhumation of victims of Francoism is of paramount importance. This is not only for the identification of the remains, but also to fulfill a social task of reconciliation, clarification of the truth, justice and dignification of the victims and their families, in accordance with the provisions of international law and Spanish and regional legislation. This paper underscores the pivotal role of forensic anthropology, with a particular emphasis on Andalusia, a region disproportionately impacted by Franco's repression. It delineates the methodologies and protocols employed in the interventions undertaken, encompassing preliminary investigations and comprehensive analyses of the remains. Moreover, the case of the Pico Reja grave, situated in the San Fernando Cemetery in Seville, is presented as a practical exemplar to elucidate these procedures. This article is categorized under: Forensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts Forensic Anthropology > Forensic ArchaeologyArtículo Carotenoid Biofortification in Field-Grown Tomato Fruits by Early Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(American Chemical Society, 2025-12-10) Lidoy, Javier; Minchev, Zhivko; Espana Luque, Luis; Benítez González, Ana; Ramos, Andrea; García, Juan; Berrio, Estefanía; Nesterenko, Olena; Díaz Ortiz, Pedro; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Pozo, María J.; López Ráez, Juan A.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Union (UE)Carotenoids are bioactive compounds with relevant health-promoting properties. Thus, a carotenoid-rich diet is essential for improving human health. Beneficial soil microorganisms are used in agriculture as biostimulants to promote plant growth and development and increase their tolerance/resistance to stress. However, their effects on fruit quality have been less studied. In the present study, we assess the impact of early inoculation of tomato seedlings with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on carotenoid content in fruits under real agronomic production settings. We show that early inoculation of seedlings with AM fungi provides long-lasting benefits that impact fruit quality, increasing the content of the carotenoids lycopene and β-carotene. We also show that this increase is related to transcriptional upregulation of key genes of their biosynthesis pathway. Our results show that AM fungi, commonly used as biostimulants in agriculture, can also be used as a sustainable strategy for carotenoid biofortification in tomato production systems, contributing to the production of healthy “functional products”.Artículo Identifying factors influencing Hydroxytyrosol in wines: Varietal selection, organic management, and yeast strategies in ros´e and white wine production(Elsevier, 2025-02-25) González Ramírez, Marina; Cerezo López, Ana Belén; Troncoso González, Ana María; Puertas, B.; Cantos-Villar, E.; García Parrilla, María del Carmen; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union (UE); Junta de AndalucíaHydroxytyrosol (HT) is a low-toxic antioxidant with relevant biological properties. The objective of this study is to analyze natural HT production during rosé and white winemaking using various grape cultivars (including an organic one) and different yeast inoculation strategies. The UPLC-MS/MS method was validated to determine HT and related compounds. Six red and seven white grape varieties were harvested in southern Spain. Commercial yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and wild yeasts were tested. As key findings, Rosé wines (Rome Variety) showed higher HT levels (1800 ng/mL) than white wines (Mantuo de Pilas variety) (300 ng/mL). Organic grapes produce up to five times more HT than conventional ones. Moreover, HT production was enhanced in wild yeasts compared with commercial yeasts (CY). In addition, wine lees and pomace retained considerable amounts of HT. To conclude, the formation of natural HT during winemaking varies by grape type and fermentation method.Artículo Effects of okadaic acid and phytoplankton ingestion on nr1j1, cyp, and abcb1 gene expression in Mytilus galloprovincialis(Elsevier, 2025-12-17) Rodrigues, Juliana; Plata Calzado, Cristina; Gómez Román, María Paula; Boo, Sergio; Fonseca, Elza; Araújo, Mario; Vasconcelos, Vitor; Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Campos, Alexandre; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; European Union (UE); Fundación Portuguesa de Ciencia y TecnologíaFour nr1j1 gene sequences were recently reported in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. These genes are orthologs of the nuclear receptor family NR1I found in vertebrates, whose members like the pregnane x receptor (PXR) are known to play a major role in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. Building on recent evidence that these four genes encode functional proteins, this study aims to deepen our understanding of nr1j1 genes by analyzing their expression in adult mussels exposed to different diets consisting of microalgae and cyanobacteria, and to the biotoxin okadaic acid. In parallel, we analyzed the expression of several nr1j1 putative target genes, such as cyp3-like and abcb1. Our results showed that gene expression regulation may be organ-specific and timedependent, and that diet and food intake can affect the expression of the genes studied. The highest nr1j1 and cyp3-like transcriptional activation was observed in mussels fed with Tetraselmis sp., while abcb1 genes showed higher expression in mussels fed with toxic cyanobacteria. In contrast, exposure to okadaic acid did not induce changes in the expression of the analyzed genes. This work demonstrates that xenobiotic metabolism responses in mussels can be modulated by diet and exposure to biotoxins, underscoring the importance of diet in the elimination of toxic substances in mussels. The exact mechanisms underlying the observed transcriptional activation of the nr1j1 genes remain unknown.Artículo Safety of the extension of use of galacto-oligosaccharides as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-12-16) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, Dominique; Bohn, Torsten; Cámara, Montaña; Castenmiller, Jacqueline; De Henauw, Stefaan; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, Alexandre; Mangelsdorf, Inge; Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the extension of use of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is produced from milk-derived lactose using β-galactosidases. The applicant proposed to extend the use of GOS to several food categories (non-alcoholic beverages, confectionery, chewing gum, cocoa and chocolate-based products and protein products). The target population is the general population. GOS is already authorised and included in the Union list of NFs for use in several foods, including infant formula, and in food supplements. The Panel estimated that the proposed extension of use would result in a highest 95th percentile intake of GOS from all food uses, of up to 48.5 g/day in adults. As compared to the exposure to GOS from the currently authorised food uses (at the highest P95), the proposed extension of use is expected to result in an increase in intake of GOS of up to 17%. The information provided on the proposed use levels and anticipated intake does not raise safety concerns. The Panel concludes that the proposed extension of use of GOS is safe under the proposed conditions of use.Artículo Effect of ultrasounds and ball milling on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from the microalga Dunaliella bardawil(Elsevier, 2025-11-18) Morón Ortiz, María de los Ángeles; Benítez González, Ana; León-Vaz, Antonio; León, Rosa; Mapelli Brahm, Paula; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaThis study evaluated the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from wild-type and phytoene-enriched Dunaliella bardawil biomass treated by ultrasounds and ball-milling. Fresh, freeze-dried, and alginate-encapsulated matrices were studied. The impact of yogurt addition was also evaluated on freeze-dried samples. Carotenoid bioaccessibility varied significantly depending on the matrix, treatment, and carotenoid isomer. As an example, ballmilling at 30 Hz was the treatment leading to the highest bioaccessibility in fresh samples (p < 0.05), whereas this treatment at 5 Hz was optimal for freeze-dried matrices, with no significant differences with the control in the wild-type matrix. The addition of yogurt enhanced carotenoid bioaccessibility (p < 0.05) in both freeze-dried matrices. Xanthophylls showed slightly higher bioaccessibility than carotenes, and cis-isomers outperformed their all-trans counterparts. (15Z)-Phytoene and (all-E)-lutein showed the greatest bioaccessibility in most treatments. These results can help improve the bioavailability of carotenoids from D. bardawil through optimized pretreatment strategies.Artículo Comparative study of hyperspectral imaging and portable spectroscopy techniques for selecting white grape pomace samples for fining agent production(Elsevier, 2025-12-14) Gómez Pérez, Julia; Baca Bocanegra, Berta; Rodríguez Pulido, Francisco José; González-Miret Martín, María Lourdes; Nogales Bueno, Julio; Hernández Hierro, José Miguel; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Química Analítica; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT). EspañaDuring wine production, grape pomace is generated as a by-product. Although its management poses challenge due to its large volume, it also offers opportunities thanks to its high content of valuable biopolymers. However, not all pomaces share the same properties or are suitable for the same applications. In this study, a total of 111 pomace samples from three white grape varieties were studied: Pedro Xim´enez (n = 40), Moscatel (n = 21), and Zalema (n = 50). Spectral data were collected using three different devices: a NIR hyperspectral camera (900–1700 nm), a portable visible-NIR hyperspectral camera (400–1000 nm), and a MicroNIR portable spectrometer (900–1700 nm). Measurements were taken from both whole pomace and isolated grape skins, the latter being of particular interest for future research and possible application as natural fining agents. This generated six spectral datasets, which were subsequently merged into three augmented matrices to assess sample heterogeneity (matrix effect) and, subsequently, the impact of the measuring device (device effect). Each dataset was processed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and representative samples were selected based on the Mahalanobis distance to the nearest neighbour (NH). The results were compared to highlight the strengths and limitations of each instrument and sample type in achieving an efficient, costeffective, and non-destructive selection method. Among the devices evaluated, MicroNIR proved to be the most cost-effective and portable solution for in-situ sample selection, enabling practical implementation in wineries. Finally, the selected samples were used as fining agents in red winemaking and their ability to clarify flavanols assessed.Artículo Biomonitoring of DAPs levels in urine and amniotic fluid of pregnant women in Seville (Spain): evaluation of prenatal exposure(Elsevier, 2025-12-19) Sánchez Ruiz, Rocío; Hinojosa Hidalgo, María Gracia; Aranda Merino, Noemí; Fernández Torres, Rut; Cerrillos, Lucas; Ostos, Rosa; Fernández Palacín, Ana; Moreno Navarro, Isabel María; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Química Analítica; Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Union (UE); Junta de AndalucíaAmong all population groups, pregnant women are one of the most vulnerable due to increasing concern about prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants, including pesticides such as organophosphates (OPs). In this regard, dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) are nonspecific metabolites excreted in urine and widely used to assess OP exposure. Thus, this study aimed to assess the risk of indirect OP exposure by determining six DAPs (dimethyl phosphate (DMP), O,O-dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP), O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), O,O-diethyl thiophosphate (DETP), and O,O-diethyl dithiophosphate (DEDTP)) in urine and amniotic fluid (AF) from a 74-pregnant-women cohort in Seville (Southern Spain). Sample preparation was based on electromembrane extraction (EME), a microextraction technique using an electric potential to selectively extract analytes across a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The analysis was performed using ion-pair ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Results showed that DAPs can cross the placental barrier, as most AF samples showed between 80 and 99 % positive levels, depending on the compound, however, the studies in this regard are very scarce. Nonetheless, these levels were slight, and both mean and maximum concentrations detected in AF were lower than urine levels in every case. Moreover, the percentage of positive samples in urine was lower (44–92 %). Thus, this research highlights the importance of studying the presence of these metabolites, both in urine and in AF, and the physiological outcomes that their presence may cause both in the mothers and infants.Artículo Safety of egg membrane collagen peptides as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-12-03) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, A.; Mangelsdorf, I.; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on egg membrane collagen peptides as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is derived from farmed chicken eggs. It is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, and it contains 15%–30% collagen peptides. The production process is sufficiently described and does not raise safety concerns. The applicant proposed to market the NF for use in food supplements for adults, excluding pregnant and lactating women, at a maximum daily dose of 500 mg. Taking into account the nature of the NF, the compositional data and information on the production process, the Panel considers that no toxicological studies are required for the NF. The Panel concludes that the NF, egg membrane collagen peptides, is safe under the proposed conditions of use.Artículo Safety of algal meal from Haematococcus pluvialis containing astaxanthin as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-12-03) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, A.; Mangelsdorf, I.; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of the Novel Food (NF) ‘algal meal from Haematococcus (H.) pluvialis containing astaxanthin (ATX)’ pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is produced by homogenising, crushing and spray-drying of the biomass of cultivated H. pluvialis and contains approximately 5% w/w ATX. It has been marketed in food supplements (FS) since the 90s. With the present dossier, the applicant seeks authorisation as a NF for its use in dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners and fruit juices as defined by Directive 2001/112/EC. The NF has been already assessed by the Panel in 2014. The applicant performed an intake assessment for ATX, which covered combined exposure from the background diet with the consumption of fish and crustacea plus intakes of the NF from the intended new uses. In such a scenario, the exposure for all population groups is below or at the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg bw per day. When adding also potential intake of ATX from FS, for children of 3 years of age and older and adolescents, the combined exposure from all three sources exceeds the ADI. For adults, the combined estimated intake is at the level of the ADI. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe at the intended new uses (dairy analogues, including beverage whiteners and fruit juices), provided that FS containing ATX are not consumed on the same day by children and adolescents.Artículo Beta-glucans from oats or barley and reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses: Modification of an authorised health claim pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 following a request in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-09-19) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; de Henauw, S.; Hirsch-Ernst, K.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, A.; Siani, A.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing an application from PepsiCo International, submitted pursuant to Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the modification of an authorised health claim related to beta-glucans from oats or barley and reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses. The proposed modification concerns a reduction of the lowest effective dose from 4 g to 2 g of beta-glucans (BG) per 30 g of available carbohydrates (avCHO). Beta-glucans from oat and barley, which are the subject of the health claim, have been sufficiently characterised. A reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses is a beneficial physiological effect in the context of the food/constituent and the target population for this claim. The applicant submitted 21 pertinent published human intervention studies (59 trial comparisons) investigating the effect of beta-glucans from oat or barley on the postprandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose using matched comparators and conducted a dose–response meta-regression analysis. Four published systematic reviews and dose–response meta-regression analyses were also provided. In weighing the evidence, the Panel considered that the human intervention studies did not consistently show a significant effect of beta-glucans from oats or barley on postprandial glucose iAUC at doses between 2 and < 4 g BG/30 g avCHO, and that dose–response data suggest a lowest effective dose above the 2 g/30 g avCHO proposed by the applicant. The Panel concludes that a consistent effect of beta-glucans from oats or barley on the reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses has not been demonstrated under the conditions of use proposed by the applicant of at least 2 g BG/30 g avCHO consumed with a meal.Artículo Calcium sulphate and reduction in body weight: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-09-11) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; de Henauw, S.; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, A.; Siani, A.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing an application from Mediconomics APS, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Denmark, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to calcium sulphate and reduction in body weight. The Panel considers that the food constituent, calcium sulphate, is sufficiently characterised. A reduction in body weight is a beneficial physiological effect for overweight adults. The applicant submitted two human intervention studies investigating the effect of calcium sulphate on body weight. The Panel notes that no conclusions can be drawn from any of the human intervention studies submitted for the scientific substantiation of the claim and that no convincing evidence has been provided for a mechanism by which calcium sulphate could exert the claimed effect in vivo in humans. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of calcium sulphate and a beneficial physiological effect on body weight under the proposed conditions of use.Artículo Safety of synthetic cannabidiol as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283(European Food Safety Authority, 2025-07-30) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens); Turck, D.; Bohn, T.; Cámara, M.; Castenmiller, J.; De Henauw, S.; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Maciuk, A.; Mangelsdorf, I.; Hirsch-Ernst, K. I.; Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on synthetic cannabidiol as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF which is subject of the application is trans-cannabidiol (CBD), produced by chemical synthesis and proposed to be used in food supplements at a level of 30 mg/day. The target population is the general population, excluding pregnant and lactating women. During the risk assessment, the Panel identified a number of data gaps, which needed to be addressed by the applicant. Therefore, an EFSA request for additional information was sent to the applicant. The requested data concerned the identity, the production process, the compositional data, the specifications, the genotoxicity, the reproductive and developmental toxicity and the human data of the NF. Despite being contacted several times, the applicant did not reply to EFSA's requests for additional data. Based on the available data, the Panel concludes that the safety of the NF, i.e. synthetic cannabidiol, cannot be established.