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Are delusions and/or referentiality associated with aberrant reward prediction error (RPE) signaling? Evidence from fMRI using a probabilistic monetary reward task
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) García León, María Ángeles; Fuentes Claramonte, Paola; Gee, Abigail; Ramiro-Sousa, Nuria; Soler Vidal, Joan; Pomarol Clotet, Edith; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Generalitat de Catalunya; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
Background. According to the aberrant salience proposal, reward processing abnormality, specifically erroneous reward prediction error (RPE) signaling due to stimulus-independent
release of dopamine, underlies delusions in schizophrenia. However, no studies to date have examined RPE-associated brain activations in relation to this symptom. Methods. Seventy-eight patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 43 healthy individuals underwent fMRI while they performed a probabilistic monetary reward task designed to generate a measure of RPE. Ratings of delusions and referentiality were made in the patients. Results. Using whole-brain, voxel-based analysis, schizophrenia patients showed only minor differences in RPE-associated activation compared to healthy controls. Within the patient group, however, severity of delusions was inversely associated with RPE-associated activation in areas including the caudate nucleus, the thalamus and the left pallidum, as well as the lateral frontal cortex bilaterally, the pre- and postcentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, the middle cingulate gyrus, and parts of the temporal and parietal cortex. A broadly similar pattern of association was seen for referentiality.
Conclusions. According to this study, while patients with schizophrenia as a group do not show marked alterations in RPE signaling, delusions and referentiality are associated with reduced activation in parts of the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia, though not specifically the ventral striatum. The direction of the changes is on the face of it contrary to that predicted by aberrant salience theory.
Evaluating Fish Foraging Behaviour on Non-indigenous Asparagopsis Taxiformis Using a Remote Video Foraging System
(Elsevier, 2024) Chebaane, Sahar; Engelen, Aschwin Hillebrand; Pais, Miguel Pessanha; Silva, Rodrigo; Gizzi, Francesca; Triay Portella, Raül; Florido Capilla, Marta; Monteiro, João Gama; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Zoología; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal; European Union (UE); Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI). Portugal
The proliferation of pest and invasive marine macroalgae threatens coastal ecosystems, with biotic interactions, including direct effects such as grazing and indirect effects such as the trophic cascades, where one species indirectly affects another through its interactions with a third species, play a critical role in determining the resistance of local communities to these invasions. This study examines the foraging behaviour and preference of native fish communities toward native (Halopteris scoparia, Sargassum vulgare) and non-indigenous (Asparagopsis taxiformis) macroalgae using the Remote Video Foraging System (RVFS). Fifty-four weedpops were deployed across three locations to present these macroalgae, while associated epifaunal assemblages were also collected. Video analysis revealed that four common fish species displayed preference towards native macroalgae, possibly due to by the presence of zoobenthos rather than herbivory. This observation suggests that these fish species identified the macroalgae as a habitat that harboured their preferred food items. In contrast, A. taxiformis was consistently avoided, suggesting limited integration into the local food web. Site-specific variations in fish-macroalgae interactions and epifaunal diversity highlighted the complexity of these dynamics. This study contributes to understanding of the ecological implications of invasive macroalgae and supports the use of RVFS as a tool for assessing local biotic resistance against non-indigenous species in coastal ecosystems globally.
Eficacia de la diatermia capacitiva mediante radiofrecuencia en la reducción de la celulitis y los perímetros corporales: estudio piloto
(Sociedad Andaluza de Fisioterapia, 2012) Casa Almeida, María de la; Suárez Serrano, Carmen; Rebollo Roldan, Jesús; Jiménez Rejano, José Jesús; Benítez Lugo, María Luisa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisioterapia; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS305: Área de Fisioterapia
Introducción: como objetivos de nuestro estudio nos planteamos conocer la eficacia de la diatermia capacitiva monopolar mediante radiofrecuencia (DCMR), en aplicación estática, en la reducción de la celulitis y los perímetros corporales en la zona glútea y posterior del muslo, e identificar qué pauta terapéutica de las empleadas es más eficaz. Material y método: desarrollamos (Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 2010-2011) un ensayo clínico piloto controlado aleatorizado con dos grupos en paralelo. El primero recibió aplicación local de la DCMR (30 minutos), y el segundo, idéntica aplicación seguida de una segmentaria (20 minutos). Muestra: 24 sujetos, miembros inferiores de 12 mujeres con celulitis, asignados mediante azar sistemático a cada grupo. Cada miembro inferior de cada paciente recibió uno de los dos tratamientos (20 sesiones, 2 semanales, no en días consecutivos) actuando un miembro como control sobre el otro del mismo paciente. Variables evaluadas: grado de celulitis y perímetros medidos a 15, 20, 30 y 40 cm. de la espina ilíaca anterosuperior y en el punto medio entre ésta y el polo superior de la rótula, medidas todas antes (pretest) y después (postest) del tratamiento. Resultados: ambos tratamientos mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los valores del pretest y postest en la reducción de la celulitis y los perímetros medidos a 15 y 20 cm. Las diferencias encontradas entre el pretest y el postest en los perímetros medidos a 30 y 40 cm., así como, en el punto medio, no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos tratamientos. Conclusiones: la DCMR en aplicación estática es efectiva en la reducción de la celulitis y los perímetros corporales situados dentro del campo eléctrico generado en la aplicación local. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las modalidades de tratamiento empleadas.
Triacylglycerol Composition of Seed Oil from Corema album Berries
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-02-16) Martín Cordero, Carmen; Martínez-Force, Enrique; Acero de Mesa, Nuria; Muñoz-Mingarro, Dolores; León González, Antonio José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Farmacología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
The seeds of Corema album are considered a by-product in fruit processing. This study aimed to determine the oil contents in seeds and characterize their triacylglycerol contents through a comparative analysis using three extraction solvent systems: hexane (Soxhlet method), hexane–isopropanol (Hara–Radin method), and methanol–chloroform–water (Bligh–Dyer method). The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and HPLC. The composition of fatty acids and triacylglycerols was determined, as were the allocation of fatty acids across the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions, tocopherol and tocotrienol profile, and melting behavior through differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the atherogenicity (IA) and thrombogenicity (IT) cardiovascular health indices were also calculated. The oil predominantly contained unsaturated fatty acids, and α-linolenic acid made up 45.8% of the total, along with a reduced n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio (0.75). The α-linolenoyl chain primarily occupied the sn-1,3 (45.9%) and sn-2 (39.1%) positions. γ-tocotrienol was the most abundant tocochromanol. The melting curve of oil suggests the presence of fractions with a low melting point, composed of triacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil exhibits low values for IA and IT of 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. Corema seed oil has potential health benefits thanks to its rich composition in the essential fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, the low proportion of n-6/n-3 fatty acids, and the low values of IA and IT.
European clinical practice recommendations on opioids for chronic noncancer pain – Part 2: Special situations*
(Wile, 2021) Krčevski Škvarč, Nevenka; Morlion, Bart; Vowles, Kevin E; Bannister, Kirsty; Buchsner, Eric; Casale, Roberto; Suárez Serrano, Carmen; Häuser, Winfried; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisioterapia; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS305: Área de Fisioterapia
Background: Opioid use for chronic non- cancer pain (CNCP) is under debate. In the absence of pan- European guidance on this issue, a position paper was commissioned by the European Pain Federation (EFIC). Methods: The clinical practice recommendations were developed by eight sci entific societies and one patient self- help organization under the coordination of EFIC. A systematic literature search in MEDLINE (up until January 2020) was per formed. Two categories of guidance are given: Evidence- based recommendations (supported by evidence from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or of observational studies) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) statements (supported either by indirect evidence or by case- series, case– control studies and clinical experi ence). The GRADE system was applied to move from evidence to recommendations. The recommendations and GCP statements were developed by a multiprofessional task force (including nursing, service users, physicians, physiotherapy and psychol ogy) and formal multistep procedures to reach a set of consensus recommendations. The clinical practice recommendations were reviewed by five external reviewers from North America and Europe and were also posted for public comment. Results: The European Clinical Practice Recommendations give guidance for com bination with other medications, the management of frequent (e.g. nausea, constipa tion) and rare (e.g. hyperalgesia) side effects, for special clinical populations (e.g. children and adolescents, pregnancy) and for special situations (e.g. liver cirrhosis). Conclusion: If a trial with opioids for chronic noncancer pain is conducted, detailed knowledge and experience are needed to adapt the opioid treatment to a special pa tient group and/or clinical situation and to manage side effects effectively. Significance: If a trial with opioids for chronic noncancer pain is conducted, detailed knowledge and experience are needed to adapt the opioid treatment to a special pa tient group and/or clinical situation and to manage side effects effectively. A collabo ration of medical specialties and of all health care professionals is needed for some special populations and clinical situations.
