Artículos (Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/26073

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A comparative study of the analysis of free fatty acids in cheeses (Cow's, Ewe's and Goat's) with different ripening times using NIRS: Intact samples and fat extracts
(Institute of Agricultural and Food Information, 2009) González Martín, Inmaculada; Hernández Hierro, José Miguel; Revilla, Isabel; Vivar Quintana, A.M.; Morón Sancho, R.; Salvador Esteban, Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Lipolysis is of great importance in the development of the aroma and flavour of cheese and one of the usual ways of measuring it is to assess variations in fatty acids. The relative proportions of fatty acids in milk fat depend on the animal species, the stage of lactation and feed regime, the ripening time and the climatic conditions and microbiological quality of the milk. GC-MS is the reference method for the determination of fatty acids in cheeses, but the technique involves long analysis times
A Comparative Study of the Volatile Profile of Wine Vinegars with Protected Designation of Origin by Headspace Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction
(Elsevier, 2019) Ríos-Reina, Rocío; Segura Borrego, María del Pilar; García González, Diego L.; Morales Gómez, María Lourdes; Callejón Fernández, Raquel María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (MEC). España; Universidad de Sevilla
The characteristic volatile profile of the Spanish Vinagre de Jerez (VJ), Vinagre de Condado de Huelva (VC)and Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles (VMM)protected designation of origin (PDO)wine vinegars has been studied and compared for the first time by headspace stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HSSE-GC–MS). The possible markers of each category and PDO were assessed. Acetates were the majority group in all vinegars, while ketones, C13-norisoprenoids and volatile phenols showed significant differences between the three PDOs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), heatmap and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)were performed. According to these results, 1-heptanol, methyl nonanoate, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone, trans-2-decenal, eucalyptol and α-terpineol, were the most significant compounds for differentiating of VC, diacetyl and acetoin, ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate, 2- and 3-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol, 1-octen-3-ol, p-Cresol and camphene for VMM; and β-damascenone, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 3-heptanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-yl acetate for VJ. Classification results showed that 100% of PDO samples were correctly classified, reaffirming the utility of the volatile profiles for classifying and authenticating wine vinegar PDOs.
A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Mandić, Anamarija I.; Bantis, Filippos; Böhm, Volker; Borge, Grethe Iren A.; Brnčić, Mladen; Bysted, Anette; Cano, M. Pilar; Elgersma, Anjo; Fikselová, Martina; Mapelli Brahm, Paula; O’Brien, Nora; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
A comprehensive review on the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytoﬂuene
(Elsevier, 2015) Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Mapelli Brahm, Paula; Benítez González, Ana; Stinco Scanarotti, Carla Maria; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Carotenoids and their derivatives are versatile isoprenoids involved in many varied actions, hence their importance in the agri-food industry, nutrition, health and other ﬁelds. All carotenoids are derived from the colorless carotenes phytoene and phytoﬂuene, which are oddities among carotenoids due to their distinct chemical structure. They occur together with lycopene in tomato and other lycopene-containing foods. Furthermore, they are also present in frequently consumed products like oranges and carrots, among others. The intake of phytoene plus phytoﬂuene has been shown to be higher than that of lycopene and other carotenoids in Luxembourg. This is likely to be common in other countries. However, they are not included in food carotenoid databases, hence they have not been linked to health beneﬁts in epidemiological studies. Interestingly, there are evidences in vitro, animal models and humans indicating that they may provide health beneﬁts. In this sense, the study of these colorless carotenes in the context of food science, nutrition and health should be further encouraged. In this work, we review much of the existing knowledge concerning their chemical characteristics, physico-chemical properties, analysis, distribution in foods, bioavailability and likely biological activities.
A Computer Simulation Insight into the Formation of Apocarotenoids: Study of the Carotenoid Oxygenases BCO1 and BCO2 and Their Interaction with Putative Substrates
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Martínez, Anabela; Cantero, Jorge; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Paulino, Margot; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments, and sources of vitamin A in humans. The first metabolic pathway for their synthesis is mediated by the enzymes β,β-carotene-15,15′-dioxygenase (BCO1) and β,β-carotene-9′,10′-dioxygenase (BCO2), which cleave carotenoids into smaller compounds, called apocarotenoids. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the interaction of BCO1 and BCO2 with carotenoids, adding structural diversity and importance in the agro-food and/or health sectors. Homology modeling of BCO1 and BCO2, and the molecular dynamics of complexes with all carotenoids were performed. Interaction energy and structures were analyzed. For both enzymes, the general structure is conserved with a seven beta-sheet structure, and the β-carotene is positioned at an optimal distance from the catalytic center. Fe2+ forms in an octahedral coordination sphere with four perfectly conserved histidine residues. BCO1 finds stability in a structure in which the β-carotene is positioned ready for enzymatic catalysis at the 15–15′ bond, and BCO2 in positioning the bond to be cleaved (C9–C10) close to the active site. In BCO1 the carotenoids interact with only seven residues with aromatic rings, while the interaction of BCO2 is much more varied in terms of the type of interaction, with more residues of different chemical natures.
A consortium of different Saccharomyces species enhances the content of bioactive tryptophan-derived compounds in wine fermentations
(Elsevier, 2024-03-12) Planells Cárcel, Andrés; Pérez, Cristina; García Parrilla, María del Carmen; González Ramírez, Marina; Guillamón, José Manuel; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Generalitat Valenciana
In recent years, the presence of molecules derived from aromatic amino acids in wines has been increasingly demonstrated to have a significant influence on wine quality and stability. In addition, interactions between different yeast species have been observed to influence these final properties. In this study, a screening of 81 yeast strains from different environments was carried out to establish a consortium that would promote the improvement of indolic compound levels in wine. Two strains, Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces eubayanus, with robust fermentative capacity were selected to be combined with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with a predisposition towards the production of indolic compounds. Fermentation dynamics were studied in pure cultures, co-inoculations and sequential inoculations, analysing strain interactions and end-of-fermentation characteristics. Fermentations showing significant interactions were further analyzed for the resulting indolic compounds and aroma profile, with the aim of observing potential interactions and synergies resulting from the combination of different strains in the final wine. Sequential inoculation of S. cerevisiae after S. uvarum or S. eubayanus was observed to increase indolic compound levels, particularly serotonin and 3-indoleacetic acid. This study is the first to demonstrate how the formation of microbial consortia can serve as a useful strategy to enhance compounds with interesting properties in wine, paving the way for future studies and combinations
A global perspective on carotenoids: metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health.
(Elsevier, 2018-04-04) Rodríguez Concepción, Manuel; Ávalos Cordero, Francisco Javier; Bonet Piña, María Luisa; Boronat Margosa, Albert; Gómez Gómez, Lourdes; Hornero Méndez, Dámaso; Limón Mirón, María del Carmen; Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Olmedilla Alonso, Begoña; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.
A Green and Sensitive Electromembrane Extraction (EME) Method for the Determination of Dialkylphosphates in Maternal Urine and Amniotic Fluid
(Elsevier, 2024) Ávila García, Juan Manuel; Fernández Torres, Rut; Sánchez Ruiz, Rocío; Moreno Navarro, Isabel María; Aranda Merino, Noemí; Ramos Payán, María Dolores; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Analítica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Organophosphates compounds are extensively used pesticides, whose metabolites, dialkyl phosphates, are considered as bioindicators of human exposure. Recently, research has indicated that they can affect thyroid endocrine function. Pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable cohort to these effects due to concerns about prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants. For the first time an electromembrane microextraction method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of seven dialkylphosphate metabolites in maternal urine and amniotic fluid, which is compatible with mass spectrometry detection and achieves highly sensitive levels of quantitation. Dialkylphosphates were extracted from a 10 mL donor solution at pH 7 into a 50 µL acceptor solution at pH 12 using 1-octanol as the supported liquid membrane and applying 60 V for 10 min at 600 rpm. The obtained extracts were analysed by ion pair liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, using an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 µm particle size) at 30 °C. Under optimal extraction conditions, the preconcentration factors were achieved were up to 178-fold, allowing for high sensitivity levels, in the order of ng mL−1. The limits of quantitation were within 0.075 ng mL−1 (diethyl thiophosphate) and 1.67 ng mL−1 (dimethyl phosphate) in maternal urine samples and within 0.015 ng mL−1 (diethyl thiophosphate) and 0.5 ng mL−1 (dimethyl dithiophosphate) in amniotic fluid samples. The comparative study revealed a significant improvement in terms of analysis time, sensitivity, greenness, and practicality. Finally, the applicability of the method for the determination of selected dialkylphosphates was demonstrated in paired maternal urine and amniotic fluid samples. These results suggest potential placental transfer to the offspring.
A multivariate study of the triacylglycerols composition of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of iberian pig in relation to the fattening diet and genotype
(2008) Vicario Romero, Isabel; Graciani Constante, Enrique; Escudero Gilete, María Luisa; Viera Alcaide, Isabel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
A new functional kefir fermented beverage obtained from fruit and vegetable juice: Development and characterization
(Elsevier, 2022-01) Paredes, Jorge Luis; Escudero Gilete, María Luisa; Vicario Romero, Isabel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR225: Color y Calidad de Alimentos
A juice containing a mixture of fruits and vegetables (70% apple, 9% strawberry, 12% carrot and beet 9%) was evaluated as a potential substrate for the production of a novel probiotic beverage made with kefir grains. The effects of the kefir grains amount (1–4%, w/v) and fermentation time (12, 24 and 48 h) on the beverage composition, sensory qualities and colour were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of kefir grains have a significant effect on the content of the organic acids (lactic, acetic, citric, succinic, and malic acid), CO2 production, acidity, and viscosity and colour parameters (lightness (L*), hue (hab) and Chroma (C*ab)). Fermentation time also significantly affected all the parameters analyzed in the samples. The most suitable conditions to achieve the highest overall acceptability for the fermented beverage based on a mix of fruits and vegetable juice was: 2% (w/v) kefir inoculum during 24 h of fermentation time.
A new hipótesis concerning continuous distillation with stripping gas and its application in the physical refining of edible oils
(2009) León-Camacho, Manuel; Bada Gancedo, Juan Carlos; Graciani Constante, Enrique; Prieto González, Mª Manuela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
A new method for the simultaneous determination of cyanotoxins (Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin) in mussels using SPE-UPLC-MS/MS
(Elsevier, 2020) Díez-Quijada Jiménez, Leticia; Guzmán Guillén, Remedios; Cătunescu, Giorgiana M.; Campos, Alexandre; Vasconcelos, Vitor; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Cameán Fernández, Ana María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal; European Commission (EC)
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) simultaneously from mussels by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to validate the method by a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The optimal parameters were: 90% MeOH (% v/v) for the extraction, a solvent/sample ratio of 75 and 15% MeOH in the extract before loading onto SPE. Mussels were spiked at 10; 37.5 and 75 ng g−1 fresh weight (f.w) of the 4 toxins, showing linear ranges of 0.5–75 ng g−1 f.w; low values for the limits of detection (0.01–0.39 ng g−1 f.w.) and quantification (0.23–0.40 ng g−1 f.w.); acceptable recoveries (70.37–114.03%) and relative standard deviation (%RSDIP) values (2.61–13.73%). The method was successfully applied to edible mussels exposed to cyanobacterial extracts under laboratory conditions, and it could allow the monitoring of these cyanotoxins in environmental mussel samples.
A novel and enhanced approach for the assessment of the total carotenoid content of foods based on multipoint spectroscopic measurements
(Elsevier, 2011-06-15) Meléndez Martínez, Antonio Jesús; Ayala, F.; Echávarri, J. F.; Negueruela, A. I.; Escudero Gilete, María Luisa; González-Miret Martín, María Lourdes; Vicario Romero, Isabel; Heredia Mira, Francisco José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
We have devised a more sensible approach to estimate the carotenoid content of orange juices, which can be regarded as a model system of food with intricate carotenoid pattern. For this purpose spectroscopic information at several wavelengths and spectra of the juices and not from their carotenoid extracts were considered, such that more accurate and rapid quantitative assessments can be achieved. The wavelengths proposed on the basis of the characteristic vector method were 420, 455, 515, 545 and 610 nm or 420, 445, 510, 545 and 605 nm, depending on the measurement conditions. The correlations between the carotenoid content and the reflectances at these wavelengths were very good (R = 0.94 and 0.90, respectively). Additionally, it was demonstrated that the colour of the juices could be assessed with very good accuracy considering them. Due to its simplicity and rapidity, this method is intended to facilitate the quality control of the carotenoid content of foodstuffs in the industry and/or in the field.
A novel method for evaluating flavanols in grape seeds by near infrared hyperspectral imaging
(Elsevier, 2014) Rodríguez Pulido, Francisco José; Hernández Hierro, José Miguel; Nogales Bueno, Julio; Gordillo Arrobas, Belén; González-Miret Martín, María Lourdes; Heredia Mira, Francisco José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
Chemical composition of seeds changes during grape ripening and this affects the sensory properties of wine. In order to control the features of wines, the condition of seeds is becoming an important factor for deciding the moment of harvesting by winemakers. Sensory analysis is not easy to carry out and chemical analysis needs lengthy procedures, reagents, and it is destructive and time-consuming. In the present work, near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been used to determine flavanols in seeds of red (cv. Tempranillo) and white (cv. Zalema) grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). As reference measurements, the flavanol content was estimated using the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) method. Not only total flavanol content was evaluated but also the quantity of flavanols that would be extracted into the wine during winemaking. A like-wine model solution was used for this purpose. Calibrations were performed by partial least squares regression and they provide coefficients of determination R2=0.73 for total flavanol content and R2=0.85 for predicting flavanols extracted with model solution. Values up to R2=0.88 were reached when cultivars were considered individually.
A preliminary palynological characterization of Spanish thyme honeys
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2004) Terrab Benjelloun, Anass; Pontes, Aida; Heredia Mira, Francisco José; Díez Dapena, María Josefa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología
Pollen was analysed in 25 thyme honey samples from Spain. The honey samples were provided by professional beekeepers, and pollen was obtained by centrifugation. A minimum of 8% of Thymus sp. pollen is considered sufficient to typify a honey as unifloral when considering pollen grains from anemophilous and nectarless plants. The quantitative analysis showed that nectar is the main honey source in the samples studied. The qualitative analysis of the samples revealed the presence of 53 taxa belonging to 27 families. The Spanish thyme honeys of the studied region are characterized by their medium to high numbers of grains of pollen (NGP; mean = 155 000) and their medium to high content of honeydew indicator elements (HDE; mean = 8300). Genista type (present in 100% of the samples), Echium plantagineum and Reseda luteola (90%), Eucalyptus type (80%), Calendula type and Olea europaea (75%), and Cistus monspeliensis (70%) may be mentioned among the characteristic accompanying species of this honey type.
A study of overripe seed byproducts from sun-dried grapes by dispersive raman spectroscopy
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021) Rivero Granados, Francisco José; Ciaccheri, Leonardo; González-Miret Martín, María Lourdes; Rodríguez Pulido, Francisco José; Mencaglia, Andrea A.; Heredia Mira, Francisco José; Mignani, Anna G.; Gordillo Arrobas, Belén; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Overripe seeds from sun-dried grapes submitted to postharvest dehydration constitute a scarcely investigated class of vinification byproduct with limited reports on their phenolic composition and industrial applications. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize a selection of overripe seed byproducts from different white grapes (cv. Moscatel, cv. Pedro Ximénez and cv. Zalema) submitted to postharvest sun drying. The Raman measurements were taken using a 1064 nm excitation laser in order to mitigate the fluorescent effect and the dispersive detection scheme allowed a compactness of the optical system. Spectroscopic data were processed by a prin-cipal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and partner recognition. The evolution of the Raman spectrum during the overripening process was compared with the phenolic composition of grape seeds, which was determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrom-etry (RRLC/MS). A multivariate processing of the spectroscopic data allowed the classification of overripe seeds according to the grape variety and the monitoring of stages of the postharvest sun drying process.
A subchronic 90-day oral toxicity study of Origanum vulgare essential oil in rats
(Elsevier, 2017) Llana Ruiz-Cabello, María; Maisanaba Hernández, Sara; Puerto Rodríguez, María; Pichardo Sánchez, Silvia; Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía; Moyano, Rosario; Cameán Fernández, Ana María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía
Oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare L. virens) (OEO) is being used in the food industry due to its useful properties to develop new active packaging systems. In this concern, the safety assessment of this natural extract is of great interest before being commercialized. The European Food Safety Authority requests different in vivo assays to ensure the safety of food contact materials. One of these studies is a 90 days repeated-dose oral assay in rodents. In the present work, 40 male and 40 female Wistar rats were orally exposed to 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) OEO during 90 days following the OECD guideline 408. Data revealed no mortality and no treatment-related adverse effects of the OEO in food/water consumption, body weight, haematology, biochemistry, necropsy, organ weight and histopathology. These findings suggest that the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of this OEO is 200 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats, the highest dose tested. In conclusion, the use of this OEO in food packaging appears to be safe based on the lack of toxicity during the subchronic study at doses 330-fold higher than those expected to be in contact consumers in the worst scenario of exposure.
A tentative characterization of volatile compounds from iberian dry-cured ham according to different anatomical locations. A detailed study
(2010) Narváez Rivas, Mónica; Gallardo Gallardo, Emerenciana; Ríos Martín, José Julian; León-Camacho, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
A viability study of C–O isotope fingerprint for different geographical provenances of Spanish wine vinegars
(Springer Nature, 2018) Ortiz Romero, Clemente; Ríos-Reina, Rocío; Morales Gómez, María Lourdes; García-González, Diego Luis; Callejón Fernández, Raquel María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Junta de Andalucía
Wine vinegar is an increasingly appreciated product in Europe and some high-quality vinegars have been certified with “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO) to preserve and control their production methods. Spain has three of the five PDO wine vinegars existing in Europe. A tentative study was carried out to assess the utility of stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ18O) for the characterization of those Spanish wine vinegars and if the values obtained could be used as a fingerprint of their geographical origin compared with other regions. A total of 35 wine vinegar samples, belonging to the three Southern Spain PDOs and three Northern Spain non-PDO regions, were analyzed for their isotopic composition. Our analysis revealed that most of the Spanish vinegars presented δ13C values that were in agreement with some other isotopic studies about Mediterranean vinegars, since all the samples were under − 20‰ and the vast majority of them were below − 24‰. On the other hand, the δ18O analysis confirmed its utility for discriminating all the Spanish vinegars according to the three geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude and altitude). Positive mean values were associated to Southern vinegars (2.16 ± 1.59‰) and negative δ18O values were related with Northern vinegars (− 2.93 ± 2.82‰). We also found a highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation of δ18O with altitude (R2 = − 0.48) and longitude (R2 = 0.36), which allowed us to conclude that δ18O analysis could be used as a fingerprint of the geographical origin in Spanish wine vinegars.
Acción tutorial en el EEES en la Facultad de Farmacia de la US: 4 años de experiencia de un programa de alumnos tutores
(2010) Fernández Arévalo, María Mercedes; Álvarez Fuentes, Josefa; Ferrero Rodríguez, Carmen; Marín Rubio, Pedro; Mate Barrero, Alfonso; Millán Jiménez, Mónica; Morales González, Julia; Peral Rubio, María José; Pichardo Sánchez, Silvia; Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel; Vega Pérez, José Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
La Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla (US) tiene en marcha un Programa de Alumnos Tutores desde 2006/07 con el objetivo de que alumnos de cursos superiores (AATT) tutelen a alumnos de nuevo ingreso (1x3). Pretende generar una actitud responsable en los AATT y favorecerles el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, objetivos cualitativos dentro de la educación universitaria que sirven como preparación previa a su inserción en el mundo laboral. La actividad es supervisada por Profesores Tutores (1x3) que analizan la evolución de ambos grupos de alumnos. Es una supervisión activa a través de distintas vías de acción para ayudar a la consecución de objetivos, tales como entrevistas periódicas, revisión de informes, acciones de apoyo como charlas sobre técnicas de estudio, coloquios sobre salidas laborales, exposiciones de las experiencias personales de algunos alumnos recientemente egresados, gestión estratégica de búsqueda de empleo, elaboración de portafolios,… Con respecto a la evolución del programa, el número de profesores ha crecido moderadamente llegando a una situación estable, mientras que el número de alumnos, tanto tutores como tutelados, ha crecido en un ritmo constante acorde a las restricciones indicadas. Los resultados son muy positivos, entendiéndose que el proyecto se enmarca en un contexto más cualitativo que cuantitativo y que el principal objetivo es el robustecimiento de la experiencia y asentar una dinámica de apoyo hacia los alumnos de nuevo ingreso y de planificación de tareas, tutela y responsabilidad en general de los alumnos tutores.

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