Artículos (Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/24701

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Student Competitions as a Learning Method with a Sustainable Focus in Higher Education: the University of Seville “Aura Projects” in the “Solar Decathlon 2019”
(MDPI, 2020) Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Rey Pérez, Julia; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
In recent times, teaching in higher education has undergone a significant transformation. Current advances and innovative proposals in educational science research are centred around a transdisciplinary approach, the so-called integrated curriculum and the incorporation of the transversal concept of sustainability. In summary, the so-called learning processes through problem-solving. The Solar Decathlon Competition is the most prestigious international university student competition for sustainable habitat. The aim of this article is to show how the Aura Strategy, developed by the University of Seville Solar Decathlon Team to participate in the Solar Decathlon 2019 Latin America and Europe competitions, is aligned with the aforementioned proposals. Among the results, the generation of a transforming teaching network of the departmental structures in the University of Seville is to be highlighted. These transformations in teaching lead students to new, broader and more holistic approaches to study, as well as new capabilities and skills. The question of interdisciplinarity requires new tools and research lines to achieve successful implementation in higher education, and the participation in the Solar Decathlon Competition is one of them.
Field investigation and numerical modeling for the seismic assessment of the Castle of Lanjarón, Spain
(MDPI, 2025-02-02) Luger, Hayden; Ramírez Álvarez de Lara, Rafael; Pineda Palomo, Paloma; Lourenço, Paulo B.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE); Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP1002: Artesa Re_lab | Architecture + Structural Research
The Castle of Lanjarón is a 16th century stronghold located in Andalucía, Spain. After losing its military function, the castle was abandoned, leading to significant decay. Designated a national heritage site in 1985, recent efforts have sought to preserve its historical and cultural value. This study outlines an inspection and diagnosis campaign carried out on the castle. Non-destructive tests (NDTs) were employed to characterize the properties of the masonry, using both mechanical and wave-based methods. Dynamic identification was performed to determine dynamic and modal properties of the structure, which were used to develop and calibrate a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of the west wall, based on homogenized masonry material. Limit analysis and non-linear static (pushover) analysis under various boundary conditions were conducted to determine the maximum relative load factor in the out-of-plane direction. The results were compared to the expected peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the area, showing that the maximum load capacity of the wall exceeds local seismic demands with a safety factor of 1.39. The study highlights the efficacy of pairing a homogenized macro-modeling approach with wave-based and dynamic identification methods, particularly for resource efficiency. Finally, recommendations for future conservation efforts have been provided.
Dynamic performance of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba under different earthquake scenarios: the Abd al-Rahman I sector
(Elsevier, 2023-11-15) Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Romero Sánchez, Emilio; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba is one of the most important monuments in Spain. Owing to its authenticity, its integrity and its influence on later architecture, it was declared as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1984. The monument is located in Andalusia, in southern Spain. This region presents a moderate seismic hazard, and it is affected by two kinds of seismic sources: a) far away earthquakes of large/very large magnitude; b) close earthquakes of moderate magnitude. Particularly, the Mosque-Cathedral had to endure the well-known 1755 Lisbon’s earthquake (Mw=8.5, at 488 km) and the 1504 Carmona earthquake (Mw=6.8, at 82 km). This research has analysed its dynamic behaviour under several earthquake scenarios: code-base response spectrum, previous historic earthquakes and fault maximum magnitude earthquakes. However, after the seismic hazard analysis and due to the lack of faults registered surrounding the building, no worst-case scenario considering the maximum expected magnitude has been found. Owing to the complexity of the building, this work has focused on the Abd al-Rahman I sector, which is the most aged part, dating from the VIII century. A refined 3D numerical model has been developed and calibrated through free ambient vibration tests. The distribution of the maximum amplitudes (internal displacements and absolute accelerations) under the different scenarios has been comparatively presented. Also, the seismic performance has been assessed considering the drifts and the damage expected. The results showed that the damage would be concentrated in the contact between the arcades and the courtyard wall. Also, the lower part of the North-South closing wall would be damaged. According to the seismic performance, the building is expected to present moderate damage. In contrast, the analysis of the drifts, according to the codes, suggest that the building would resist each damage limit. Also, it was shown that the far fault earthquake scenario is more demanding than the close fault earthquake scenario. Next, it should be noted that the behaviour of the building for a seismic action of 475-year return period is expected to be similar to the far-fault earthquake scenario. The most demanding earthquake scenario has been the 975-year return period one.
The dry closure of the Almagrera tailings dam: detailed modelling, monitoring results and environmental aspects
(Springer, 2019) Justo Alpañés, José Luis de; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Justo Moscardó, Enrique de; Jiménez Cantizano, Francisco A.; Durand Neyra, Percy; Vázquez-Boza, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The Aznalcóllar tailings dam failure moved the Spanish authorities to pay attention to tailings deposits. The Almagrera tailings dam holds one of the largest mining waste deposits in Andalucía. The dry closure of this dam has been detailed in this manuscript. Some serious difficulties had to be solved. Firstly, the dam had undergone up to five raisings before the closure operations started, and this process had not been properly documented. Secondly, the reservoir water was contaminated by the toxic tailings placed several metres below and, due to the high acidity of this water, the geotechnical characterization of the tailings deposit has been really challenging. Thirdly, the definition of the model itself has been a complex task due to the consideration of many phases and different hypotheses. In the finite element calculation, a constitutive model of perfect non-associated plasticity has been used for the dam and a soft soil creep model for the tailings. Next, it has been decided to decontaminate a closed mine by placing its abandoned material—Las Viñas fill—on top of the tailings deposit inside the reservoir. This operation generated important settlements on the tailings deposit. These settlements had to be accelerated by placing drainage wells to avoid the cracking of the final cap. The safety factor during the dry closure operations under dynamic loading was insufficient and a compacted rockfill reinforcement had to be laid on the downstream slope of the dam. Very few papers describe a successful dry closure of a tailings dam as is done here.
Optimal seismic retrofitting techniques for URM school buildings located in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula
(Plos, 2019) Segovia Verjel, María Luisa; Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Justo Moscardó, Enrique de; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
This paper aims to study different seismic retrofitting techniques to test the reduction of the seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings. Three techniques have been considered in a case study: adding steel or carbon fibre reinforced polymer grids in the walls and steel encirclements in the openings. The performance-based method has been used to that purpose. Nonlinear static analyses have been performed to obtain the capacity and fragility curves, the performance point and the damage level states. Moreover, an analysis of the cost-benefit ratio has been carried out. Results have shown that the three techniques have produced considerable improvements. The addition of encirclements has reduced the deformation resulting in a slight increase of the structure’s stiffness. Adding steel grids has produced the maximum peak strength increase while adding polymer grids has produced the largest ultimate displacements. Adding encirclement has had the best cost-benefit ratio
Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons
(2015) Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Sendra, Juan J.; Suárez, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: Habitae Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
This article aims to provide a critical analysis of the work of the Smithsons, with a focus on its interpretation of architecture from the standpoint of environmental commitment, an aspect that is barely touched upon in the extensive literature analysing their work. The main aim is to reveal the strategies of environmental conditioning and the energy behaviour of their major work both from an architectural and environmental standpoint, as well as that of their own home and experimental laboratory: the Upper Lawn Pavilion. These features make it a building of great heritage value, classified as a Grade II listed building according to the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. Energy models reproducing the case study (in its original construction, occupancy and thermal conditions) have been simulated using DesignBuilder software in order to carry out a quantitative assessment of the house’s environmental conditions, perceptively described by Alison Smithson in her diary. Indoor thermal conditions obtained from the energy simulations were studied, identifying the environmental benefits and deficiencies caused by the strategies applied by the Smithsons to their pavilion. It is concluded that its environmental behaviour is far from the current standards of adaptive comfort.
Bespoke footbridge for studying pedestrian-structure interaction with vertical vibration
(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2025-01) García Diéguez, Marta; Zapico Blanco, Beatriz; Živanovic, Stana; Zapico Valle, José Luís; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
Progress in quantifying and codifying pedestrian–structure interaction with a vertical structural vibration and the effects on both human beings and structures has been slow, primarily owing to a lack of experimental facilities that can simulate a wide range of vibration conditions. To accelerate the progress of pedestrian–structure interaction research, a new experimental facility (the UNIOVI footbridge) has been developed at the University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain, and is presented in this paper. The UNIOVI footbridge is a unique laboratory structure, whose fundamental vertical vibration mode can be finely tuned in the frequency range between 1.6 and 9.3 Hz by altering its mass or stiffness. The clear separation of the first vibration mode from higher vibration modes and a low damping ratio make the structure ideal for interaction studies. The paper describes unique features of the facility and provides analytical expressions for modeling its dynamics. Time-domain procedures based on free decay response data are proposed to identify the dynamic parameters of both the structure and the human body in stationary postures. The use of the facility was successfully demonstrated by identifying body dynamics for six test subjects in three passive postures: one standing posture and two instantaneous postures extracted from the walking gait. The next task is to employ the facility in studying walking, for which the facility was primarily designed.
Optimisation of steel bars to repair and reinforce masonries
(Elsevier, 2024) Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Fernández Ancio, Fernando; Hortigón Fuentes, Beatriz; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras
The insertion of rebars in masonry is a well-established repair and reinforcing technique. To this end, standard thin rebars are usually employed. In this research, the standard Spanish shape for the stainless-steel wires and rebars is optimised, from the bonding point of view, to work while both highly confined and thinly covered by mortar, thereby reproducing the conditions of rebars between masonry units. A detailed finite-element analysis is employed to choose the best-performing model from of a set of possible designs of 5-mm diameter rebars. The standard shape is set as the starting point for the design of these rebars. In the analyses, the influence of the shape of the ribs, the orientation of the ribs, and the spacing between the ribs on bonding is assessed by finite-element analysis. Finally, a prototype of the best-performing design is manufactured and tested in the laboratory. In order to reproduce more accurately the boundary conditions of rebars once inserted into ma sonries, the standard pull-out test has been adapted with certain modifications expressly designed for this research. The comparison of results with those attained by the standard rebar confirms the improvement achieved by the new design.
Numerical and experimental validation of the solar radiation transfer for an egg-crate shading device under Mediterranean climate conditions
(Pergamon-Elsevier, 2019) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Suárez, Rafael; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Future global warming scenarios will have a significant influence on existing building, especially in those most vulnerable due to major percentages of glazed area. Increasing temperatures will result in an increase in energy consumption due to cooling, especially in the Mediterranean climate with high solar radiation levels. Sun protection systems may be one of the first strategies employed to resolve this issue. Among these, bidirectional shading devices display an excellent behavior although its numerical simulation is very difficult. This research aims to develop an open source numerical method to calculate the short wave solar transmittance in an egg-crate shading device for use in the rehabilitation of tertiary buildings in Mediterranean climate. For this purpose a dynamic three-dimensional hybrid model has been developed combining raytracing and radiosity methods. The numerical method has been validated with monitoring data in southern Spain. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of the model and the suitability of this type of shading devices in reducing the solar gains in summer with reduced blocking of solar radiation in winter.
Pneumatic concrete laminar structures revisited: a singular architectural structural type
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024) López Ortiz, Elena; Pineda Palomo, Paloma; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The 20th century was a time for architectural change, technical innovation and the search for affordable construction and prefabrication. In this context, pneumatic concrete laminar structures represent the advances towards a new architecture that could give answers to the challenges of the century. This work identifies the systems that were explored during that period and describes the experimental designs developed by W. Neff, H. Heifetz, H. Isler, D. B. South and D. Bini. In addition, the adaptation capability of this singular type and the reasons that caused the abandonment of these structures are also analysed
Experimental validation of a dynamic numeric model to simulate the thermal behavior of a facade
(Pergamon Elsevier, 2022) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; Suárez, Rafael; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The process of analysis and design of energy saving measures aimed to reduce building energy consumption, both in the design of new constructions and in the refurbishment of existing ones, has led to the need to solve increasingly complex problems with the consequent demand to develop complex models and new calculation tools, which often entails the coupling of different models each one of them to solve a specific task and always under the requirement of obtaining accurate and reliable results. This article presents a modular dynamic model based on a finite difference scheme with matching conditions between wall layers to record the different thermophysical properties of layer materials and accurately compute the heat flux through the building envelope. The aim of this model is to simulate the energy behavior of building envelopes and to allow the connection, via a co-simulation procedure, with other codes based in models for addressing complex issues usually not included in standard Building Energy Simulation (BES) tools. For that, the simulation model was designed with a modular structure in order to facilitate its connection, when required, to other codes written in C++. The thermal model has been validated experimentally, using data from two full-scale outdoor test cells with different façade constructive solutions for different ventilation and blind opening regimes. An additional code-to-code comparison was also performed between the developed model and the Energy-Plus software to complement the results of the experimental validation. The results obtained in the validation process show the ability of the proposed numerical model to simulate the energy performance of the envelope and of the test cell globally in a wide variety of situations, predicting internal air temperature and envelope internal surfaces temperatures which meet the requirements usually established for the validation of building energy simulation tools. The numerical formulation of the introduced model and its characteristics that combine flexibility, modularity and accuracy for the calculation of the thermal behavior of a façade and is able of an easy connection to external codes written in C++ to solve more complex problems, allow to consider the present work as innovative and novelty on the literature.
Impact of the soil-foundation-structure interaction in the seismic behaviour of a heritage masonry tower: The Giralda of Seville
(Elsevier, 2024-09) Romero Sánchez, Emilio; Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
The seismic safety of heritage buildings may be affected by the interaction between the soil, the foundation and the structure, which is usually neglected in conventional seismic assessments. These factors are particularly important in the case of slender constructions, such as masonry towers, over soft strata. Hence, this work deals with the influence of the soil-foundation-structure interaction in the seismic behaviour of complex heritage masonry towers. The investigations have been carried out considering the case study of the Giralda tower in Seville, Spain. The region is an earthquake-prone area, characterised by far away very large earthquakes with long-return periods. The Giralda tower is a slender brick unreinforced masonry tower, 95 m high and about 13 m wide. It features a high artistic value and popularity as it has been the historical symbol of the city. It was declared a UNESCO Word Heritage Site of Outstanding Universal Value in 1987. Apart from its slenderness, the tower presents some other seismic vulnerabilities: openings irregularities, material heterogeneity and the position of a belfry on the top. Furthermore, the building is placed on soft alluvial strata and has a shallow foundation. Likewise, the tower has a considerable weight, which has caused large settlements. A thorough evaluation of the soil, the foundation and the structure has been carried out to develop a complex and detailed finite element model. Macro mechanical elements and the direct method have been used to develop the numerical model of the tower in the OpenSees framework. Free ambient vibration tests and non-destructive experiments have been used to calibrate the model. Its dynamic behaviour has been evaluated considering the seismic action suggested by the Spanish Code and those determined through a seismic response analysis, bearing in mind different return periods and considering real ground motions. Finally, the numerical results showed that the effect of the soil and the foundation have a significant impact on the seismic behaviour of the bell tower, amplifying the acceleration and its damage at the top.
Digital tools for the preventive conservation of built heritage: the Church of Santa Ana in Seville
(MDPI, 2024-06-30) Chaves Moreno, Estefanía; Aguilar Valseca, Jaime; Barontini, Alberto; Mendes, Nuno; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica
Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) plays a pivotal role in heritage conservation endeavours, offering a robust framework for digitally documenting existing structures and supporting conservation practices. However, HBIM’s efficacy hinges upon the implementation of case-specific approaches to address the requirements and resources of each individual asset and context. This paper defines a flexible and generalisable workflow that encompasses various aspects (i.e., documentation, surveying, vulnerability assessment) to support risk-informed decision making in heritage management tailored to the peculiar conservation needs of the structure. This methodology includes an initial investigation covering historical data collection, metric and condition surveys and non-destructive testing. The second stage includes Finite Element Method (FEM) modelling and structural analysis. All data generated and processed are managed in a multi-purpose HBIM model. The methodology is tested on a relevant case study, namely, the church of Santa Ana in Seville, chosen for its historical significance, intricacy and susceptibility to seismic action. The defined level of detail of the HBIM model is sufficient to inform the structural analysis, being balanced by a more accurate representation of the alterations, through linked orthophotos and a comprehensive list of alphanumerical parameters. This ensures an adequate level of information, optimising the trade-off between model complexity, investigation time requirements, computational burden and reliability in the decision-making process. Field testing and FEM analysis provide valuable insight into the main sources of vulnerability in the building, including the connection between the tower and nave and the slenderness of the columns.
Impact of radiative cooling on the energy performance of courtyards in Mediterranean climate
(Springer, 2024-08-08) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. HUM965: Transhumancias: Hábitat, Salud, Patrimonio, Tecnología y Arte
Radiative cooling has proven to be a useful tool to address the problems of lack of comfort and excessive energy consumption in situations of high temperatures, overheating and heat waves. Likewise, incorporating courtyards in warm climate zones has been found to be highly beneficial in addressing similar challenges. Hence, there is interest in analyzing the combined effects of both: radiative cooling and courtyards. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the application of radiative cooling on a courtyard using a comprehensive simulation approach that includes a CFD model for the thermodynamic airflow in the adjacent roofs and inside the courtyard, equations for the transient heat conduction through roofs, walls and courtyard slabs, and a hybrid raytracing-radiosity model for the evaluation of the solar radiation reaching the building surfaces and its reflections, both of specular and diffuse origin, and for the calculation of the thermal radiation exchange, especially with the sky. The results show that in the hot season, the courtyard with radiative cooling always provides lower temperatures than the initial courtyard does, with a temperature range of 18.33 °C to 33.78 °C, compared to a range of 19.32 °C to 38.00 °C in the initial courtyard, and producing a greater difference with outdoor temperatures that can reach 12 °C versus 8 °C for the reference case. In addition, it was found that the courtyard with radiative cooling is able to significantly reduce the observed nighttime overheating by providing lower temperatures than the outdoor temperatures in the 50% of the nights studied. It was also found that the thermal loads to achieve indoor thermal comfort in the spaces adjacent to the courtyard were reduced by 63.46% to 69.85%.
Analysis of the main geometrical characteristics that affect the bonding of ribs in rebars thinly covered to repair masonry structures
(Elsevier, 2021-11-01) Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Hortigón Fuentes, Beatriz; Fernández Ancio, Fernando; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP963: Ingeniería de Estructuras y Materiales
The use of stainless steel rebars in the repair of masonry structures is widespread and has traditionally produced excellent results. In these cases, rebars usually present diameters of below 8 mm covered with thin layers of mortar or grout. Research is necessary to characterise bonding under these particular conditions, hitherto unavailable. In this research, the geometry of ribs is parameterised and later analysed through the Finite Element Method. To this end, the Microplane model and Cohesive zone model are employed. Based on the numerical results, the geometrical aspects of the ribs that mostly affect bonding are identified and discussed.
Identification of microplane coefficients to reproduce the behaviour of ultrafine blast-furnace slag binder grout samples
(Springer, 2024-08-17) Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Jiménez Alonso, Javier Fernando; Santiago Espinal, José Antonio; Fernández Ancio, Fernando; Hortigón Fuentes, Beatriz; Universidad de Sevilla; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Junta de Andalucía; US.20-08; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP963: Ingeniería de Estructuras y Materiales; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Ultra-fine blast-furnace slag binders have recently been introduced to repair masonry. The reduced particle diameter of these binders makes them especially suitable for use as grouts, since this characteristic enables these grouts to fill even the smallest voids. The current necessity and effectiveness of Finite Element Analysis in any process concerning construction, repair or reinforcement of building structures remains unquestionable. In this way, the calibration of Finite Element material models for their correct performance has become compulsory. Regarding quasi-brittle materials, such as mortar and grouts, the Microplane model is recommended to reproduce their behaviour. This paper is targeted towards obtaining Microplane model coefficients to exactly reproduce the behaviour of ultrafine blast-furnace slag grout samples. To this end, several compressive tests have been carried on in order to obtain the experimental stress–strain curves that define the behaviour of these samples. Furthermore, reverse engineering by means of an optimisation algorithm successfully attained the possible coefficients to reproduce this material with the Microplane model. The correctness of these coefficients has been verified with a new campaign composed of compressive tests, Double Punch tests, and flexural tests. These tests have been reproduced by Finite Element Analysis, thereby confirming the accuracy of the set of coefficients. Thus, two are the main conclusions obtained: (1) the framework for the modelling of ultra-fine blast-furnace slag grout elements based-on the Microplane model has been proposed, implemented and validated; and (2) a value for the coefficients of the abovementioned model has been proposed.
La restauración del templo parroquial de San Dionisio (Jerez de la Frontera, España). La inyección como método de reparación de estructuras de fábrica
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2013) Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Yanes Bustamante, Emilio; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Sáez Pérez, Andrés; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica
La Iglesia de San Dionisio es una de las más importantes desde el punto de vista histórico y patrimonial de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz). Al inicio del siglo XXI, varios pilares de la estructura comenzaron a presentar síntomas de agotamiento a compresión, hecho que condujo al cierre del templo. En 2005 se inició la investigación para identificar las causas del deterioro estructural y establecer una estrategia de reparación adecuada. El método aplicado para la reparación de la estructura fue la inyección con tubo-manguito. Frente a otros métodos de inyección previamente documentados en fábrica, la inyección con tubo-manguito permite aplicar presiones de inyección significativamente superiores, consiguiendo así una mayor homogeneización y mejora de las propiedades resistentes del material inyectado. Este artículo aborda la investigación llevada a cabo para caracterizar el origen de los daños, la descripción del procedimiento de reparación de la estructura y la evaluación de su efectividad.
Balancing construction and operational carbon emissions: Evaluating neighbourhood renovation strategies
(Elsevier, 2024) García López, Javier; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Compliance with the global decarbonisation commitments set out in Horizon 2050 undoubtedly involves optimising the conditions of the housing stock. In this respect, the massive energy renovation of obsolete housing blocks in southern EU countries holds the key for the achievement of such compliance. This research strives to demonstrate the suitability of intervention strategies at district scale. For this purpose, an innovative methodology that combines open data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Urban Energy Modelling (UBEM), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed and tested in a case study, whilst considering several renovation and new-building hypotheses. As an innovative approach, this study concurrently analyses greenhouse gas emissions arising from both use-related energy consumption (operational carbon footprint) and the construction process (embodied carbon footprint). This dual perspective provides added value to the results obtained, since it offers a more comprehensive representation of reality. Based on the results from the LCA and UBEM models, this study unveils the entire impact of residential energy use combined with either the carbon footprint of energy renovation or that of new buildings. The case study analysis reveals that total emissions, encompassing both embodied and operational aspects, are lower for retrofitting existing buildings when compared to new construction, up to Horizon 2050. Remarkably, this preference for renovation persists even as far as 2100. The study underscores the critical importance of upgrading the existing residential stock in order to achieve the ambitious goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
El asiento de una capa finita según el método edométrico
(Ministerio de Fomento: Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas, CEDEX, 2002) Justo Alpañés, José Luis de; Justo Moscardó, Enrique de; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
Estructuras prefabricadas en zonas sísmicas
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2003-04-30) Burón Caballero, José Manuel; Vega Catalán, Luis; Domínguez Álvarez, Aurelio; Tanner, Peter; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
El comportamiento de las estructuras prefabricadas de hormigón armado y pretensado en zonas sísmicas depende, fundamentalmente, del tipo de unión que vincula los diferentes elementos prefabricados. Éstos se completan durante el proceso de montaje mediante la ejecución de los nudos, dotando a la estructura de su configuración definitiva para resistir las acciones de servicio. Cuando las estructuras prefabricadas presentan una tipología de unión en la que se da continuidad a las armaduras que configuran los nudos rígidos, se puede afirmar que el comportamiento de las mismas en zonas sísmicas es análogo al que corresponde a una estructura de hormigón construida "in situ", sin ningún tipo de limitación y, por tanto, son de aplicación las mismas exigencias normativas que las utilizadas, con carácter general, para el proyecto y construcción de las estructuras de hormigón estructural.

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