Artículos (Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/24701

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3D modeling of the Macarena Wall (Seville): Methodological proposal for its integration in digital cartographic management stude
(2021-06-30) Cabrera Revuelta, Elena; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP211: Conservación Preventiva del Patrimonio Construido
Conservation studies of an architectural asset constitute a solid support for future interventions. In particular, Digital Cartographic Management advocates the use of simplified models that allow different levels of definition to be achieved, depending on the desired architectural scale. Based on previous studies in which four levels of definition have been achieved, the aim is to define a fifth level from a 3D model. For this purpose, the Macarena Wall (Seville) is proposed as a case study. In this work, a photogrammetric survey of a section of the sector of this medieval wall is carried out, from which the entities that will form part of a fifth level of definition are identified.
3D GIS Semi-automatized Modelling Procedure for the Conservation of the PHiM: Heritage Municipal Buildings of Seville (Spain): a New Dimension for Urban Cultural Data Management
(ACM, 2022) Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Kada, Martin; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; López Larrínaga, Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
This research explores the possibilities resulting from the use of three-dimensional (3D) models designed in GIS environments for their application to the management and conservation of historical architectonic heritage. This 3D modelling work is one of the strategic actions of the recently finished Master Plan for Conservation of Heritage Municipal Buildings (PD-PHiM) for the City of Seville (Spain). This plan deals with the analysis of a group of 115 municipally owned buildings of high heritage interest that include different typologies, chronologies scales, and uses. This investigation has complemented and continued the initial work begun by the Seville Spatial Data Infrastructure (ide.SEVILLA) in the field of 3D mapping of urban environments and its publication as institutional open data. The implemented improvements started on an initial diagnosis of a preliminary urban model, which reached a level of detail (LOD) of 2, as defined by the CityGML standard, in only 20% of the registered assets in the PD-PHiM database. The proposed methodology has achieved the automation of most of the process of building 3D geo-referenced models to increase the percentage of assets that reach the LOD2 to 75%. The initial information comes from the use of institutional spatial data of different types and sources: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Spanish Cadastre Office, and so on. Additionally, the generated entities have been linked to a complex, multidisciplinary and multiscale database, designed within the framework of the strategic actions of the PD-PHiM. The contributions of the proposal, especially in the automation of processes, imply a considerable saving of resources in comparison with other methods in which the modelling is eminently carried out manually. Thus, they are complementary to those that are related to the use of 3D modelling software intended for other purposes, with the consequent incompatibilities and hard interoperability procedures with GIS environments that this implies.
A comparative analysis between the Spanish and Portuguese seismic codes: application to a border RC Primary School
(David Publishing, 2020) Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Segovia Verjel, María Luisa; Romero Sánchez, Emilio; Miguel Rodríguez, Jaime de; Carvalho Estêvão, João Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
The Iberian Peninsula is close to the Eurasia-Africa plate boundary resulting in a considerable seismic hazard. In fact, the southwestern Iberian Peninsula is affected by far away earthquakes of long-return period with large-very large magnitude. A project named PERSISTAH (Projetos de Escolas Resilientes aos SISmos no Território do Algarve e de Huelva, in Portuguese) aims to cooperatively assess the seismic vulnerability of primary schools located in the Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain). Primary schools have been selected due to the considerable amount of similar buildings and their seismic vulnerability. In Portugal, the Decreto Lei 235/83 (RSAEEP) is mandatory while in Spain, the mandatory code is the Seismic Building Code (NCSE-02). In both countries, the Eurocode-8 (EC-8) is recommended. Despite the fact that both regions would be equally affected by an earthquake, both seismic codes are significantly different. This research compares the seismic action of Ayamonte (Huelva) and Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal). Both towns are very close and located at both sides of the border. Moreover, they share the same geology. This analysis has been applied considering a reinforced concrete (RC) primary school building located in Huelva. To do so, the performance-based method has been used. The seismic action and the damage levels are compared and analysed. The results have shown considerable differences in the seismic actions designation, in the performance point values and in the damage levels. The values considered in the Portuguese code are significantly more unfavourable. An agreement between codes should be made for border regions.
A deterministic seismic risk macrozonation of Seville
(Springer, 2021-11-10) Sá, Luis Fazendeiro; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Durand Neyra, Percy; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
The seismicity of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula is moderate but large events with long return periods occur (≈ 200 years). This exceeds the life of various generations, making the population unacquainted with the seismic hazard. On the one hand, this results in a low demanding seismic code which increases the seismic vulnerability and, therefore, the seismic risk. On the other hand, the local emergency services must be properly prepared to face a destructive seismic event, with emergency plans and mitigation strategies. This assumption enhances the need of assessing the seismic risk of Seville in a civil protection context. For all the aforementioned and for the lack of instrumental data of relevant earthquakes, the assessment of the seismic hazard in this area is challenging. To do this, seismogenic zones of the new seismic hazard map of Spain have been used as sources. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each scenario has been calculated by means of ground motion prediction equations (GMPE). To estimate the site efects, in a 1D model environment, a shear wave velocity (Vs) map of the top 5 m has been depicted based on the standard penetration test (SPT). Seville’s building stock has been classifed in agreement with the previous works in Lorca and Barcelona to determine its vulnerability. The main goal of this work was to investigate the infuence of the soil amplifcation on the seismic behaviour of diferent building typologies. Therefore, the fnal target was to plot the damage scenarios expected in Seville under a maximum credible earthquake by means of a deterministic seismic hazard assessment (DSHA). As outputs, the scenario modelled showed that around 27 000 buildings would experience a moderate damage and that 26 000 would sufer pre-collapse or even collapse. Thus, approximately 10% of the population would lose their dwellings. Regarding the human loses, around 22 000 people would sufer serious injuries and approximately 5 000 people would die. Owing to these conclusions, this research evidences the crucial need by civil protection services to implement a local emergency plan as a tool to mitigate the probable consequences that arise from this threat.
A feasible proposal for energy-efficient roof retrofitting in southern European obsolete residential neighborhoods
(MDPI, 2023) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; Domínguez Torres, Helena; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Análisis Económico y Economía Política
1960s Europe saw a large number of residential neighborhoods built to house those migrating from the countryside. Today, more than 50 years later, these neighborhoods suffer high levels of functional, social, and technical obsolescence. In response to this, the University of Seville developed the Aura Strategy as an intervention methodology to find global solutions to issues in outdated neighborhoods. To provide visibility to this aspect of the Aura Strategy, the retrofit proposal presented in this article provides a solution to improve the roofing of buildings in a case study neighborhood (Polígono de San Pablo, Seville) and an analysis of the results in terms of energy and financial savings for local residents. The results show that for a population of roughly 18,000 (in 2018), net savings, including energy and retrofitting costs, ranging from nearly e6.5 to over e8.6 million can be made over the 20-year life-cycle span. Likewise, the results obtained on the reduction of thermal loads indicate a 72% decrease in energy consumption, equivalent to a saving of close to 4500 tons of greenhouse gas emissions for the district and the entire life-cycle time period, with the consequent benefits on the impact on air quality and the fight against climate change.
A novel feature selection approach based on tree models for evaluating the punching shear capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete flat slabs
(MDPI, 2020-09-03) Lu, Shasha; Koopialipoor, Mohammadreza; Asteris, Panagiotis G.; Bahr, Maziyar; Armaghan, Danial Jahed; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; National Natural Science Foundation of China
When designing flat slabs made of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC), it is very important to predict their punching shear capacity accurately. The use of machine learning seems to be a great way to improve the accuracy of empirical equations currently used in this field. Accordingly, this study utilized tree predictive models (i.e., random forest (RF), random tree (RT), and classification and regression trees (CART)) as well as a novel feature selection (FS) technique to introduce a new model capable of estimating the punching shear capacity of the SFRC flat slabs. Furthermore, to automatically create the structure of the predictive models, the current study employed a sequential algorithm of the FS model. In order to perform the training stage for the proposed models, a dataset consisting of 140 samples with six influential components (i.e., the depth of the slab, the effective depth of the slab, the length of the column, the compressive strength of the concrete, the reinforcement ratio, and the fiber volume) were collected from the relevant literature. Afterward, the sequential FS models were trained and verified using the above-mentioned database. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed models for both testing and training datasets, various statistical indices, including the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), were utilized. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the FS-RT model outperformed FS-RF and FS-CART models in terms of prediction accuracy. The range of R2 and RMSE values were obtained as 0.9476–0.9831 and 14.4965–24.9310, respectively; in this regard, the FS-RT hybrid technique demonstrated the best performance. It was concluded that the three hybrid techniques proposed in this paper, i.e., FS-RT, FS-RF, and FS-CART, could be applied to predicting SFRC flat slabs.
Action protocols for seismic evaluation of structures and damage restoration of residential buildings in Andalusia (Spain): “IT-Sismo” APP
(MDPI, 2019-04) Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Canivell, Jacinto; Jaramillo-Morilla, Antonio; Romero-Hernández, Rocío; Ruiz-Jaramillo, Jonathan; Soriano-Cuesta, Cristina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
The seismotectonic conditions of the Iberian Peninsula trigger the occurrence of earthquakes with an occasional periodicity, but with intensities greater than VI on the European macroseismic scale (EMS). For this reason, local action protocols are required in order to efficiently organise the technical inspections that must be carried out on a massive scale after events such as the earthquakes experienced in the Spanish cities of Lorca (2011) and Melilla (2016). This paper proposes the development of a set of documents for the evaluation and diagnosis of the state of existing buildings and infrastructure regarding seismic activity in Andalusia. With special attention paid to residential typology, approximations have been carried out to the normative context, to general comparatives, to particular analyses of a case studies selection, and to complementary approaches. The results have led to the establishment of two specific protocols. Firstly, the short-term guideline enables the classification of damage and risk levels, and the determination of what immediate interventions should be carried out through the generation of a preliminary on-site report. This activity can be performed by architects and engineers with the help of a mobile-device application (APP IT-Sismo Andalucía). Additionally, a long-term protocol provides calculation procedures and constructive solutions for the improvement of the seismic behaviour of affected buildings. Specially designed tests demonstrate the validity of the protocols and illustrate the need for information and communication technologies (ICT) tools in the evaluation of architectonic technical aspects.
Activated sugarcane bagasse ash as efficient admixture in cement-based mortars: mechanical and durability improvements
(Elsevier, 2022-11-01) Torres de Sande, Verónica; Sadique, Monower; Bras, Ana; Pineda Palomo, Paloma; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM965: Transhumancias: Hábitat, Salud, Patrimonio, Tecnología y Arte
Biomass ashes can be used in cementitious materials as cement or sand substitution. Nevertheless, ashes resulted from the combustion of biomass in generation plants present drawbacks that can reduce their potential use if they are not previously treated. In this research, industrial sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) was mechanically activated by grinding and its effects evaluated when used as mineral admixture in cementitious materials. Four different substitution rates (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) where used to investigate the influence of the amount of ashes replaced on the durability and mechanical performance of mortars and identify the optimal substitution rate. To get a thorough comprehension, results were also compared to mortars containing untreated ashes. The combination of a performance-based testing campaign (compressive and flexural strength, open porosity, apparent density, water capillary absorption, surface electrical resistivity, rapid chloride migration coefficient) and a set of analytical techniques (XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TGA-DTA) enabled to characterise the mechanical and durability properties of mortars and identify the mechanisms behind the results. The research concluded that, at 28 days, the incorporation of ground SCBA enhances the compressive strength of mortars up to 62%, decreases the porosity of samples by 35%, highly improves the resistance to the diffusion of chlorides by 10 times and improve the interfacial transition zone by narrowing and closing the gap between aggregates and pastes.
Actuation methods for deployable scissor structures
(Elsevier, 2021-11) García Mora, Carlos José; Sánchez Sánchez, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica
The use of techniques to automate the deployment process of deployable structures has always been of prominent interest for architects, engineers and designers of these mechanical systems. The fact of being “deployable” in itself implies a simple way of assembling the structure and this assembly is even more promising if it can be achieved by pressing a button. The first part of this scientific paper is focused on a brief description of the different techniques already used by other authors to automate the deployment of structures. After that, 4 techniques to deploy a structure are proposed where each one is analysed and applied to a deployable structure with straight rods and a cylindrical shape. Finally, some of these applications are built and their behaviour with respect to the theoretical model is checked.
Algunas observaciones sobre la sinterización del acero austenítico 316l en atmósfera de argón
(1998) Herrera Luque, Enrique Juan; Gallardo Fuentes, José María; Gómez Cuevas, Francisco de Paula
An index-based method for evaluating seismic retrofitting techniques. Application to a reinforced concrete primary school in Huelva
(Public Library of Science, 2019-04) Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Durand Neyra, Percy; Estêvão, João M.C.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
A project named PERSISTAH (Projetos de Escolas Resilientes aos SISmos no Território do Algarve e de Huelva, in Portuguese) is being developed. It aims to cooperatively assess and improve the seismic vulnerability of primary schools in the Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain). A large number of schools have to be analysed. In order to determine which seismic retrofitting technique is optimal, an index-based method is presented in this paper. It considers three parameters: first, the efficiency of the seismic retrofitting technique in relation to the structural improvement obtained; second, the cost of the implementation of the retrofitting technique; and third, the architectural impact. It should be mentioned that a specific measurement for each solution according to its geometry has been performed. Also, coefficients to consider the singularities of each analysis and the importance of the parameters (number of buildings, typology, available funds, etc.) in the study are considered. The most representative primary school of Huelva has been chosen to test the index-based method. The most suitable retrofitting techniques for this type of buildings have been tested. The retrofitting technique which most increased the seismic performance has been the addition of X and V bracings within the building’s bays. Furthermore, the analyses have revealed that adding the retrofitting elements in the most vulnerable direction of the building provides a high efficiency. The results have also shown that implementing techniques of lower architectural impact gives acceptable results. The analysis of the mean damage level index has shown that the building would experiment a severe damage. All the retrofitting techniques applied have reduced it, at least, up to moderate damage. Finally, it should be noted that the position of the retrofitting elements is also paramount for providing an optimal retrofitting.
Análisis estructural de la torre del homenaje de la Alhambra de Granada (España)
(IETcc-CSIC, 2014) Villegas, D.; Cámara Pérez, Margarita; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Este artículo pretende describir la respuesta estructural de la Torre del Homenaje, una de las torres del complejo de la Alhambra (Granada), y por otro lado revisar las distintas técnicas utilizadas en el análisis estructural de edificios históricos aplicándolas a dicho objeto para valorar el alcance de cada una de ellas. La torre se analiza mediante tres procedimientos con diferentes niveles de complejidad. En primer lugar, se utiliza el método de líneas de empuje para valorar los diferentes coeficientes de seguridad desde un punto de vista de la estabilidad. En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un análisis elástico y lineal aplicando el método de los elementos finitos para identificar posibles concentraciones de tensiones de tracción. Por último, se ha realizado un análisis estático no lineal tipo pushover sobre cinco modelos numéricos diferente
Análisis experimental en losas de cimentación mediante modelos a escala: losas aligeradas con bloques de eps frente a losas macizas
(Universidad Simón Bolívar, 2018) Dávila Martín, José Miguel; Jaramillo-Morilla, Antonio; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Grande Gil, Jose Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
El objetivo del presente artículo es confirmar el distinto comportamiento que presenta la solución tradicional de losa maciza frente a una aligerada, empleando bloques de poliestireno expandido (EPS) como material aligerante, uniéndose las zonas macizas bajo pilares mediante nervios. Se mantienen por tanto, dos placas, superior e inferior, alrededor de los bloques aligerantes de EPS. Para ello se ha realizado dos modelos a escala, sometiendo cada uno de ellos a una serie de ensayos. Esto se ha podido analizar comparativamente con otros modelos hechos en ordenador, empleando para ello programas de Elementos Finitos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que, en situaciones de suelos blandos, con posibles problemas de asientos, la solución planteada presenta importantes ventajas, al disminuir esos asientos en un porcentaje que variará en función de las condiciones particulares. Además de esto, se reducen en gran medida los asientos diferenciales entre apoyos, por lo que la alternativa planteada presenta un comportamiento más uniforme, así como ventajas constructivas.
Analysing the life index of diamond cutting tools for marble building stones based on laboratory and field investigations
(Springer, 2021-07-28) Bahr, Maziyar; Ghasemi, Ebrahim; Kadkhodaei, Mohammad Hossein; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP018: Ingenieria del Terreno
Cutting tool wear constitutes one of the principal parameters in the processing cost of building stone. The life index of the cutting tool is obtained by evaluating the wear of diamond segments in the processing plants and examining the main parameters thereof. The purpose of this study is to determine the life index of the diamond cutting tool by considering the physico-mechanical properties of marble stones and the operational parameter of cutting speed. To this end, a dataset was provided by collecting the data from eight building stone processing plants in the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, and Yazd of Iran. In this regard, the number of square metres of building stone that every diamond cutting tool can cut during its lifetime is defned as the cutting tool life index (TLI). After collecting the required data, SPSS software was employed for statistical analysis. The results revealed that the Brazilian tensile strength is the main parameter that afects the cutting tool life index. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were then considered for the development of predictive models for the TLI based on the Brazilian tensile strength. The performance of the developed models was subsequently examined by using three different criteria: the coefcient of determination, the variance accounted for, and the root-mean-square error. The results of this study show that the non-linear predictive model of the TLI presents a very good performance, and thus, the diamond cutting tool life index can be obtained for marble stones by considering the model developed herein.
Analysis of the distribution of energy poverty in southern Spain: the relevance of working at the neighbourhood level
(Springer, 2024-04-27) Clavijo Núñez, Susana; Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Rey Pérez, Julia; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM965: Transhumancias: Hábitat, Salud, Patrimonio, Tecnología y Arte; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM666: Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
This article proposes a hybrid methodology to represent the energy poverty situation in neighbourhoods with high vulnerability indices, using public data sources and surveys designed for local contexts. As an innovation, the method includes aspects of feminisation poverty, household health and information collected directly from the case study population. The San Pablo neighbourhood, in southern Spain, has been taken as a case study, to extrapolate the strategy to similar European neighbourhoods. The research has made it possible to identify new factors affecting the energy poverty situation, such as the domestic burden associated with households or the lack of accessibility to dwellings. The incorporation of this type of indicators, which have been analysed according to sex, has made it possible to highlight the process of feminisation of energy poverty in the territory under study. Based on the groups identified as the most vulnerable, new lines of research are opened to define actions and best practices that can be implemented to improve household energy vulnerability.
Analysis of the Historical Settlements of the Giralda
(Francis & Taylor, 2022) Romero Sánchez, Emilio; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The preservation of the cultural heritage is a current challenge for modern societies. Thus, it is important to analyse the structural behaviour of historical buildings in order to detect and prevent future damage. This paper analyses the historical settlements of the Giralda tower of the Cathedral of Seville. Currently, it has a tilt which might have been caused by a differential settlement. With this aim, a detailed characterisation of the foundation and its geotechnical model has been carried out. An accurate 3D Finite Elements Model (FEM) has been used to analyse the settlements, taking into account the different construction phases, the loads, the time of execution and consolidation between phases. Finally, the 3D FEM results have been compared with other previous works and the in-situ measurements of the verticality of the tower. Therefore, the authors have found that the tilt to the south-east direction has been caused by the thicker, soft strata under this corner, which has caused differential settlement in this direction. Moreover, it should be highlighted that a good agreement between the settlements of the model and its real top displacements has been obtained.
Analysis of the main aspects affecting bonding in stainless steel rebars embedded in a hydraulic medium
(MDPI, 2021) Fernández Ancio, Fernando; Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Hortigón Fuentes, Beatriz; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The use of stainless steel rebars to reinforce masonry structures has become established as an eminently efficient methodology. From among the numerous techniques available, bed-joint structural repointing and superficial reinforcement with rebars or meshes attached to surfaces have become widespread, thanks to the excellent results they have produced in recent decades. Both techniques imply the use of diameters less than 6 mm and thin coverings. This article deals with the characterization of the bonding behavior of the rebar under these special circumstances. To this end, several finite element analyses have been carried out to identify the possible relationships between pull-out forces in various situations. These models allow certain conclusions to be drawn regarding the influence of the thickness of covering, boundary conditions, and geometrical aspects of the rebars in bonding. Certain mathematical expressions that relate the various conclusions from this research are finally laid out.
Analysis of the main geometrical characteristics that affect the bonding of ribs in rebars thinly covered to repair masonry structures
(Elsevier, 2021-11-01) Rodríguez-Mayorga, Esperanza; Hortigón Fuentes, Beatriz; Fernández Ancio, Fernando; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP963: Ingeniería de Estructuras y Materiales
The use of stainless steel rebars in the repair of masonry structures is widespread and has traditionally produced excellent results. In these cases, rebars usually present diameters of below 8 mm covered with thin layers of mortar or grout. Research is necessary to characterise bonding under these particular conditions, hitherto unavailable. In this research, the geometry of ribs is parameterised and later analysed through the Finite Element Method. To this end, the Microplane model and Cohesive zone model are employed. Based on the numerical results, the geometrical aspects of the ribs that mostly affect bonding are identified and discussed.
Analysis of the soil structure-interaction effects on the seismic vulnerability of mid-rise RC buildings in Lisbon
(Elsevier, 2022) Requena García de la Cruz, María Victoria; Bento, Rita; Durand Neyra, Percy; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects are usually omitted in the seismic vulnerability analyses of buildings. However, it has been proved that they might notably affect their seismic performance. In fact, European seismic codes establish that they should be included in the analyses of certain structures: with considerable second order (p-Δ) effects or mid/high-rise buildings. These characteristics are shared by reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Portugal, which represent a considerable amount of its building stock. Moreover, a significant percentage (50%) have been constructed prior to restrictive seismic codes, i.e., without adequate seismic design. To obtain reliable results when including the SSI effects, the state-of-the-art reveals that a proper modelling of soil and foundations should be carried out. Nevertheless, most of the related studies are based on ideal structural and soil configu- rations. In addition, it has been found that there is a lack of studies and guidance, even in codes, on the quantification of the SSI effects. Therefore, this paper focuses on quantifying the SSI effects in RC buildings seismic vulnerability analyses by means of two approaches: the Beam on Nonlinear Winker method (BNWM) and the direct modelling of soil. The aim is to propose a method to practically include the SSI effects and to thor- oughly characterise the soil behaviour. The method has been applied to a case study RC mid-rise building of Lisbon. A clay-type soil commonly found in Lisbon has been characterised, carrying the analyses out under undrained conditions. 3D finite elements procedures have been proposed to reproduce the complex soil nonlinear constitutive law to represent the behaviour of the entire system (soil + foundation + structure) as realistically as possible. The results have been compared in terms of the seismic safety verification and the fragility assessment. The results have shown that the modal behaviour and the deformed shape of the building are the same with and without the SSI. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that increasing the soil flexibility leads to higher periods and higher seismic damage. For this case study, the maximum capacity of the models can be reduced by up to 15% if the SSI effects are considered
Analyzing Cultural Heritage by unmanned flights: new strategies researching rural and urban spaces
(SEAV, Sociedad Española de Arqueología Virtua, 2014) Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Ruiz-Jaramillo, Jonathan; Romero-Hernández, Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Unmanned flight systems, better known as “drones”, are being progressively introduced in professional and research works. Nowadays, we are assisting a period where the advantages implied by the use of such technical means in different fields are demanded by society. It is clear to verify the power of images taken by unmanned equipment which incorporate tools for filming and photography. These systems allow to reduce costs on in-situ surveys of heritage, becoming into a key tool to understand the territory physical nature, both at a macroscopic level (urban and natural spaces), as a level of proximity unknown before (material nature of plots and buildings).

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