Artículos (Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11065

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Predicting Psychological Distress and Flourishing During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil
(Universidade de Sao Paulo, 2026) Guerra, Valeschka Martins; Fernández Carreño, David; Eisenbeck, Nikolett; Souza Vazquez, Ana Claudia; Miranda, Geane Uliana; Pereira Monteiro, Renan; Da Silva, Jandilson Avelino; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Este estudio investigó predictores positivos y negativos de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y florecimiento en adultos brasileños durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 665 adultos (77% mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 79 años (M = 36,70; DP = 13,12), quienes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Inventario Brief-COPE, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés, el PERMA Profiler, el Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II y la Escala de Afrontamiento Centrada en el Sentido. Regresiones múltiples indicaron que evitación e inflexibilidad fueron predictores significativos de estrés, ansiedad, y depresión. Edad, florecimiento y salud física percibida actuaron como factores protectores, con diferencias entre participantes con y sin diagnósticos psicológicos previos. El afrontamiento centrado en el sentido fue predictor de florecimiento en ambos grupos. Estos resultados sugieren que intervenciones deben considerar diagnósticos previos y promover dimensiones del florecimiento, junto con estrategias adaptativas de afrontamiento, incluido el afrontamiento centrado en el sentido.
Parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters: a systematic review on their impact on personality, identity, attachment and social relationships
(Springer Nature, 2026) Mula-Márquez, Yolanda; Nava Arquillo, Begoña; Matías García, José Antonio; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental
Parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters are linked to the consumption of any mass media, influencing personal and social development. This systematic review aimed at examining parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters and its impact on consumers on several key variables of human development: personality, attachment, identity and social relationships. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on September 2024 in Scopus, Web of Science and PsycInfo for articles written in English or Spanish, and published between 2008 and 2024, inclusive. Of the 386 articles that were identified, 31 studies were selected after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 20% of the articles screened by two independent reviewers to achieve reliability. The data were then extracted and synthesized using template analysis. Elaborating on the collected evidence by means of a narrative synthesis, an integrative theoretical model is proposed about parasocial relationships and identification with fiction and its impact on human development. The results indicate that identification predisposes to the development of parasocial relationships. Stronger parasocial relationships and identification are associated with greater transportation into the story, consumers’ perceived similarity with the characters, and presenting anxious attachment, among other variables. Both parasocial relationships and identification with fictional characters allow for the exploration of new experiences, allowing for personality and identity changes that are congruent with the characters’ traits. The bonds established with fiction act as an instrument for resilience and personal development. Relevant insights for Developmental, Personality, and Media Psychology are discussed.
A mixed-methods study of mental health and trauma among women in the sex work industry in Spain
(Elsevier, 2026) Núñez Remesal, Ana María; García Martínez, Jesús; Lanzarote Fernández, María Dolores; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Junta de Andalucía
Background The sexual commerce industry significantly impacts the psychological health of prostituted women. This study examines mental health damages and complex trauma in 12 women exposed to this commerce. The goal of this work was to evaluate the mental health damage and trauma-related symptoms of these women at the beginning of an intervention. Methods A mixed methodology was used. Quantitatively, four measures were administered to assess subjective distress, the depression-anxiety-stress triad, post-traumatic stress disorder, and cumulative trauma in everyday life. For qualitative analysis, McAdams's Life Story interview was employed to triangulate data and determine the presence of complex trauma. The data was collected during the years 2023–2024. Results The study showed that all of these women exhibited baseline subjective distress and scored within the clinical range for anxiety and stress, while almost all of them showed clinical symptoms of depression, and 8 displayed symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder. Complex trauma was present in women exposed to traumatic situations within the sexual commerce industry and who had a history of traumatic interpersonal violence throughout their lives. Conclusions Engaging in prostitution exposes women to traumatic situations that are linked to mental health difficulties. Furthermore, those who have suffered sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence exhibit greater clinical symptoms in response to subsequent trauma.
The Impact of a 12-Week School-Based Mindfulness Programme on Emotional Intelligence: A Cross-National Study of Primary and Secondary Students in Spain and Italy
(MDPI, 2026) Lori, Ángela; Padilla Muñoz, Eva María; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Raffone, Antonino; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
In recent decades, the educational landscape has undergone rapid transformations, highlighting emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness as key constructs for students’ well-being and adaptation. This study examines the impact of a structured 12-week school-based mindfulness programme on emotional intelligence in a cross-national sample of students. The sample comprised 207 participants (52.7% from Spain and 47.3% from Italy). In Spain, the mean age was 8.65 years (SD = 0.36) in primary education and 13.71 years (SD = 0.49) in secondary education; in Italy, the mean age was 8.09 years (SD = 0.30) and 13.33 years (SD = 0.43), respectively. Using a quasi-experimental repeated-measures design, EI was assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 5-month follow-up with the EQ-i:YV and analysed using General Linear Models. In line with these objectives, results indicated no significant increase in global EI (p > .05), although small, domain-specific effects emerged (η2p ≈ .03–.09). Italian primary students showed improvements in General Mood and Interpersonal Competence, while Italian secondary students displayed delayed gains in Stress Management. No significant effects were observed in Spanish subsamples or in Adaptability and Intrapersonal Competence. These findings indicate modest, context-dependent effects, with limited and context-dependent educational implications.
Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR)—Spanish Version: Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Test for Daily-Life Cognitive Skills in Bipolar Disorder
(Wiley, 2026) Fares Otero, Natalia Elena; Solé, Brisa; Elleby Jespersen, Andreas; Roberto Herrero, Natalia; Martín Parra, Sara; López Escribano, Ricardo; Varo Martín, Cristina; Martínez Arán, Anabel; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Objectives: There is a need for ecologically valid measures of real-life cognitive functioning. We investigated: (I) the sensitivity of the Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR) test, which assesses daily-life cognitive skills in an immersive virtual reality kitchen scenario, to capture cognitive impairments in a Spanish sample of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs); (II) the convergent validity of CAVIR against standard neuropsychological tests and functional measures. Methods: Patients with BD in full/partial remission (n = 40) and HCs (n = 40) completed the CAVIR–Spanish version and standard neuropsychological tests; the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS-17), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Functioning Assessment Short-Test (FAST) and the Brief University of California Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B). Between-group comparisons of CAVIR global and subtask scores were conducted, together with correlation and linear regression analyses adjusting for age and mood symptoms. Results: CAVIR was sensitive to cognitive impairments in BD, with patients showing poorer performance than HCs on CAVIR global composite (BD = −1.09, 95% CI [−1.44, 0.74] vs. HCs = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.53, 0.15]) (F(1,72) = 9.52, p = 0.003, = 0.12) and subtasks of sustained attention (BD = −1.25, 95% CI [−1.83, −0.70] vs. HCs = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.66, 0.37]) (F(1,69) = 6.12, p = 0.016, = 0.08), processing speed (BD = −1.64, 95% CI [−2.11, −1.18] vs. HCs = −0.20, 95% CI [−0.66, 0.25]) (F(1,68) = 13.67, p < 0.001, = 0.17) and working memory (BD = −0.91, 95% CI [−1.42, −0.41] vs. HCs = 0.05, 95% CI [−0.42, 0.52]) (F(1,71) = 5.50, p = 0.022, = 0.07). The global CAVIR composite and subtasks scores were associated with standard global neurocognitive composite and domains, respectively (σ = 0.50–0.74, p < 0.001). The global CAVIR and all subtasks scores were associated with both observed/interview-based (FAST; σ = −0.29 to −0.55, p < 0.001) and performance-based (UPSA-B; σ = 0.29–0.49, p < 0.05) functional outcomes. Conclusions: The CAVIR-Spanish version is a sensitive and valid instrument for measuring real-life cognitive skills in BD and may be implemented in clinical settings and treatment trials targeting cognition following further studies.
Doctoral Student Wellbeing: Conceptualization, Challenges and Pathways Forward
(MDPI, 2026) Martínez García, Inmaculada; De Witte, Hans; Cano García, Francisco Javier; García Martínez, Jesús; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Doctoral student wellbeing refers to the perceived state of psychological, physical, and social health experienced by a person during the process of completing a doctoral thesis. From a eudaimonic and salutogenic perspective, this construct goes beyond the mere absence of distress and incorporates dimensions such as meaning and purpose in life, personal growth, autonomy, feelings of mattering, and the quality of academic and personal relationships. It is a multidimensional construct shaped by the interaction between personal variables, including prior psychological history, personality traits, and task motivation, among others, and contextual variables, such as funding conditions, quality of supervision, departmental culture, family and personal circumstances, and social and institutional support networks. Doctoral wellbeing is therefore dynamic: it evolves throughout the different phases of the doctoral process and is influenced by conditions specific to this population that distinguish it from other groups of students or workers. It has emerged as a critical concern in higher education research, driven by evidence of high rates of psychological difficulties among this population. This entry paper offers a narrative and conceptual review of the current state of knowledge on doctoral student wellbeing, identifying the main challenges facing this group, the factors that influence their wellbeing, and the pathways forward in terms of intervention and future research.
Let's Talk About Sex: A Systematic Review of What Childhood Cancer Patients and Survivors Really Want to Know About Sex
(Wiley, 2026) Terlinden, Victoire; Aires González, María del Mar; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Background: Childhood cancer treatment often leads to persistent, complex psychosexual late effects, which impact survivors' sexual function, body image, and relational development. Despite these pervasive and serious consequences, sexual health communication remains consistently neglected across the cancer care continuum for childhood cancer patients and survivors. Aims: This systematic review synthesies empirical evidence to determine childhood cancer patients and survivors' specific preferences for sexual health communication: What, how, when, where, and with whom do they want to discuss sexuality and sexual health. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA, a systematic search across six major databases identified 12 articles focusing on childhood cancer patients and survivors (diagnosed 0–18 years). Data on patient-reported communication needs was extracted and analysed using an integrative thematic synthesis approach. Results: What: childhood cancer patients and survivors specifically require discussions about sexuality to cover psychosocial issues (body image, romantic relationships, sexual identity), extending beyond physical function or fertility alone. Who: Successful communication relies on healthcare provider competence, rapport, and trust. How and Where: Healthcare providers should proactively initiate, normalise, and destigmatise conversations. Support should be delivered in a private, one-on-one setting, and be tailored, and age appropriate. When: Conversations about sexual health should be continuous throughout the cancer trajectory, starting at diagnosis and continuing into survivorship. Conclusions: Childhood cancer patients and survivors possess clear, actionable and multifaceted needs highlighting a critical failure in survivorship care. These findings suggest that clinical guidelines could be enhanced by integrating these patient-reported outcomes to ensure comprehensive, preventive psychosexual support for this vulnerable population.
Is EMDR effective for improving post-traumatic stress symptoms in people with post-traumatic stress disorders? An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2026) Arriazu Domínguez, Miguel; Martínez Calderón, Javier; Matías Soto, Javier; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Fisioterapia; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is widely recommended as a first-line trauma-focused therapy in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled effects of EMDR on PTSD symptoms in people with PTSD; analyse the methodological quality of included reviews; and quantify the degree of overlap between reviews. Method: This overview followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews statement. Multiple databases were searched up to September 2025. The methodological quality of reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and the degree of overlap between reviews was quantified using the corrected covered area (CCA). Results: Twenty-two systematic reviews were evaluated, of which only 11 reported the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Included meta-analyses suggests that EMDR may reduce PTSD symptoms compared with inactive controls (e.g., waitlist or usual care). On the other hand, EMDR showed comparable effectiveness with active controls, especially with psychological interventions such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, or relaxation therapy. However, the certainty of evidence across meta-analyses was variable, primarily ranging from low to very low. Furthermore, other methodological limitations were identified, including issues related to search strategies and reporting transparency. Finally, overlap between reviews was slight (CCA = 2.5%), although incomplete reporting limited this analysis. Conclusions: EMDR may reduce PTSD symptoms, especially compared with inactive controls, and shows similar effectiveness to other psychological therapies. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the low and very low certainty of evidence of most of meta-analyses along with other methodological issues highlighted above.
Companion animal bereavement in veterinary professionals: Assessment with the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire-Redux and comparison with the general population
(Elsevier, 2026) Muñoz Rascón, Pilar; Morgaz Rodríguez, Juan; López-Cepero Borrego, Javier; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Companion animal bereavement is a painful experience following the loss of a pet. This event is also relevant in the veterinary profession, where close relationships with patients and their own animals are common. The aim of this study was to validate a brief questionnaire to assess grief among veterinary professionals and to compare their responses with those of the general population. The Pet Bereavement Questionnaire–Redux (PBQ-R) showed evidence of concurrent validity with the intensity of companion animal bereavement. The proportion of participants classified as positive by the PBQ-R was significantly lower among veterinary professionals (13.0%) than in the general population (28.8%). In addition, veterinarians exhibited lower mean scores than the general population across all five indicators of grief intensity. Veterinary professionals were also more likely to report having ways to express their grief, feeling understood by their social environment, perceiving support, and accepting the death of their companion animal. The percentages of participants reporting feeling supported or experiencing family conflicts related to the pet's death were similar between veterinarians and other professionals. Although veterinarians showed a more adaptive overall response to pet loss, a substantial minority reported unmet needs: 25% did not feel supported, 30% felt misunderstood, and 30% were unable to express their grief naturally. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring end-of-life and bereavement support to individuals' professional backgrounds and of providing veterinarians with training and resources to manage not only patient loss but also grief related to their own animals.
Intersectionality, the self and identity narratives of Latin American migrant women
(Elsevier, 2026) Mata Benítez, Manuel de La; Español Nogueiro, Alicia; Matías García, José Antonio; Villar Toribio, Cristina del; Lojo Ballesta, María; Psicología Experimental; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
South American women constitute the largest group within the migrant population in Spain. These women are often recruited for domestic and care work, where they encounter various forms of discrimination. Migration prompts them to question their own identity, which is narratively reconstructed through proculturation processes. From an intersectional perspective, this paper analyzes the identity reconstruction of four Latin American women who face the challenges of migration from an intersectional perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with migrant women who have more than 14 years of migration experience. The analysis was based on Bruner indicators of selfhood: agency, resources, social references, and coherence. Migration itself, as a primary means of escaping poverty, is identified as a key indicator of agency. Perseverance and religion emerge as the main personal resources on which these women rely to pursue their goals. Among the social reference indicators, support was received from family members, friends, certain employers, and professionals, while ex-husbands and the broader Spanish population were identified as the main barriers to their integration. Finally, coherence indicators reveal an ongoing effort to maintain continuity during the migration process, achieved through positioning and repositioning of themselves and others, with caregiving standing out as a central element of their experience. The results demonstrate the formation of new meanings through proculturation processes and highlight the intersection of social, political, economic, and historical dimensions of discrimination. Gender emerges as a central factor that shapes and articulates the entire migratory project.
Relationship between obsessive personality traits and eating disorders
(Springer, 2026) Triguero López, María; Moreno García, Inmaculada; Morales Ortiz, Manuel; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental
This study aimed to examine associations between obsessive personality traits (perfectionism, desire for control, and cognitive flexibility) and eating-related symptomatology in a non-clinical sample of young adults. The objective was to explore which subdimensions were most strongly associated with eating attitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 890 students aged 18–25 years, who completed validated self-report measures: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) (Garner and Garfinkel in Psychol Med 9(2):273–279, 1979), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) (Frost et al. in Cognit Ther Res 14(5):449–468, 1990), the Desirability of Control Scale (Burger and Cooper in Motiv Emot 3(4):381–393, 1979), and the Personalised Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI) (Kashdan et al. in Psychol Assess 32(9):829–850, 2020). Regression analyses were conducted controlling for sex and age. The results indicated statistically significant but modest associations between several subdimensions of perfectionism, cognitive flexibility, desire for control, and eating-related symptomatology. These findings expand the previous evidence on obsessive personality traits in relation to eating behaviours and should be interpreted as exploratory and correlational in nature.
Sex-dependent modulation of flavour neophobia by acute forced swim stress in rats
(Elsevier, 2026) Santos Carrasco, Daniel; Cintado García, María de los Ángeles; Cárcel Valle, Lucía; Casa Rivas, Luis Gonzalo de La; Psicología Experimental; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Flavour neophobia (the reduced intake of unfamiliar flavours) is a common response across species, including humans. Although several variables such as developmental stage, prior flavour experience or context are known to influence neophobia, the impact of acute stress remains largely underexplored. In this study we examined whether a brief stress exposure alters neophobic behaviour. Adult male and female Wistar rats were subjected to acute stress using the forced swim test, while controls were handled but not stressed. Immediately afterward, we recorded two locomotor measures that are typically sensitive to changes in arousal and emotional changes (distance travelled and number of rearings) to verify the effects of the stress manipulation. Neophobia was then assessed in the home cage by offering access to a 0.04% saccharin solution. As expected, females showed stronger neophobia than males. Stress increased neophobia only in males, whereas locomotor activity revealed the opposite pattern: females were more active overall and showed a stress-related reduction in both activity measures. These results point to sex-dependent differences in how acute stress influences behavioural responses to novel foods and suggest that stress-related changes in arousal may contribute to these effects.
Behavioral, emotional, competence and cognitive profile of early adolescents born preterm: differences according to gender
(Springer, 2026) Galán Megías, Rocío; Padilla Muñoz, Eva María; Lanzarote Fernández, María Dolores; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Prematurity is an important risk factor for development, yet its effects during adolescence remain internationally inconclusive. This study aimed to provide relevant data on behavioral, emotional, competence, and cognitive areas in early adolescents with a history of prematurity, focusing on gender differences. A cross-sectional ex-post facto design assessed 69 early adolescents born preterm (55.1% boys, 44.9% girls) aged 12 years, with their parents. Psychometrically validated international tests were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive, frequency analyses, independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple linear regression models with the stepwise method. Results showed boys exhibited clinical levels of attention problems, while girls showed higher levels of somatic complaints; gender differences were statistically significant. Additionally, boys showed greater behavioral symptoms like rule-breaking and attention problems, which negatively impacted school performance and social competence, whereas girls’ school performance was more strongly influenced by cognitive abilities and psychosomatic symptoms. Greater behavioral and emotional symptomatology was associated with lower competence. School performance, social competence, and participation in activities were significantly influenced by cognitive abilities and behavioral-emotional symptoms, with notable gender-specific patterns in these associations. In conclusion, prematurity continues to have a significant impact during adolescence. Moreover, important gender differences were observed, with boys presenting more externalizing behavioral problems that affected school and social outcomes, and girls exhibiting more emotional and somatic complaints impacting academic performance. Notably, cognitive skills emerged as potential protective factors, supporting better outcomes in competence such as academic performance, social functioning, and participation in activities for preterm adolescents.
Assessment of Central Sensitivity Syndrome and Sensory Processing Sensitivity: A Systematic Review
(Wiley, 2026-02-06) Borda Mas, María de las Mercedes; Chamorro Moriana, Gema; Almeda Martínez, Nerea; Ridao Fernández, María Del Carmen; Sánchez Fernández, Magdalena; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Fisioterapia; CTS432: Intervención Clínica en Medicina Comportamental y Psicología de la Salud; CTS305: Área de Fisioterapia
The association between central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) demonstrates the need for assessment tools that quantify the physical and psychological alterations observed in these two conditions in order to generate multidisciplinary treatments and establish their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify and analyze validated CSS and SPS assessment methods and conduct an operational comparison of their parameters, content, methodological quality of their original validations, instructions, etc., in order to determine the best option. This systematic review (PRISMA) used PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and manual searches until March 2025. A meta-analysis complemented the review. The main criteria selected for original validation studies of tools to assess CSS/SPS. Twenty-nine original validation studies with 29 assessment questionnaires/scales were selected. QUADAS-2 showed low risk of bias in all domains in recent validations. COSMIN-RB found that almost all domains in the post-2010 validations were adequate. The instruments included 78 variables grouped in the following categories: psychological, SPS, physical/psychosomatic aspects, intolerances, environmental sensitivity, and sensory modalities. The compilation and analysis of the assessment tools from the original validations associated with CSS and SPS provided scores and interpretations, locations, languages, etc., to select the most appropriate instrument in each context. The most recent validations had better methodological quality. The Central Sensitization Inventory Short Form scored the highest on QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB.
Relación entre funciones ejecutivas y actividades de la vida diaria en el Parkinson: revisión basada en criterios PRISMA
(Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines (CIIPCA), 2025) Fernández-Baizán, Cristina; García-Nevares, Ariana; Fernández Artamendi, Sergio; Méndez, Marta; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Se han documentado diversas alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas (FFEE) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), pero pocos estudios las han relacionado con el desempeño cotidiano en sus actividades de la vida diaria (AVD). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la posible relación entre los déficits de las FFEE con el desempeño en las AVD en pacientes con EP. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática en base a diversos criterios PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycInfo y Google Schoolar, seleccionando 16 estudios empíricos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. En los artículos analizados, se hallaron asociaciones significativas entre el desempeño en FFEE y AVD, principalmente instrumentales, en los pacientes con EP, tanto en los cognitivamente sanos como en los que recibieron diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo o demencia. El rendimiento ejecutivo puede impactar negativamente en el desempeño funcional de pacientes con EP, aunque resulta complejo establecer qué FFEE específicas pueden tener un papel más relevante sobre actividades ocupacionales concretas.
Generalised and specific problematic internet use among Spanish university students: prevalence, co-occurrence, and related variables
(Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología, 2025) Sánchez Fernández, Magdalena; Borda Mas, María de las Mercedes; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Objective: To examine the prevalence and cooccurrence of generalized problematic internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), and problematic online gaming (POG), as well as to identify associated sociodemographic, lifestyle, and internet use factors. Method: A total of 763 university students participated in an online survey. Results: Prevalence rates were 16.3% (GPIU), 8.7% (PSMU), and 1.4% (POG). Cooccurrence rates were 6.6% (GPIUPSMU), 0.7% (GPIUPOG), 0% (PSMUPOG), and 0.5% (GPIUPSMUPOG). Female gender was associated with GPIU and PSMU, while male gender was linked to POG. Unemployment was related to POG, alcohol use and poor sleep quality to GPIU, and PSMU. Daily internet use was associated with GPIU; socialrelated use with GPIU and PSMU; and processrelated use with all three behaviours. Conclusions: These findings support the need for differentiated preventive strategies tailored to the specific patterns and correlates of each type of problematic online behaviour.
Disgust and other negative emotions in the relationship between mental contamination and post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
(Fundación Juan José López Ibor, 2025) Jiménez-Ros, Antonia María; Marques, Beatriz; Delgado Pardo, Gracia; Martins, Ana Teresa; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal
Background: Mental contamination (MC) refers tofeelings of internal filthiness associated with contaminationobsessions. Ego-dystonic memories and thoughts can trig-ger MC, although it can also be activated by trauma, whichis associated with the onset of post-traumatic stress disor-der (PTSD). Research shows that MC, negative emotionsand PTSD can occur simultaneously. Despite considerableinterest from researchers and clinicians, to the best of ourknowledge, no systematic review has been carried out onthe relationship between disgust and other negative emo-tions with MC and PTSD. Therefore, we conducted thissystematic review to summarise and synthesise the currentunderstanding of these constructs in PTSD. The main objec-tive of this study was to review the association between MC,post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma; the role of dis-gust and other negative emotions in these associations; andwhether the relationship between MC and trauma is limitedto traumatic sexual experiences. Method: We searched PsycINFO, Psychology andBehavioural Sciences Collection, Scopus, Web of Sci-ence, Medline, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and The-ses, Cochrane Library, APA PsycNet, and the Online Li-brary of the University of Algarve. We also included greyliterature published in Google Scholar. The Mixed Meth-ods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodologicalquality of the included studies. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria forthe review. Among these, six studies used a randomisedmethodology, nine used a non-randomised methodology,and five used a descriptive methodology. The resultsshowed that MC is associated with all types of interpersonaltrauma, although the relationship with sexual trauma wasthestrongest. Bothbasicemotionanddisgustsensitivityap-pear to be significantly associated with MC and the severityof PTSD symptoms. Similarly, other negative emotions arepositively associated with MC, although the experience andreappraisal of negative emotions may potentially attenuatethe experience of MC. Conclusions: Based on the findings, MC, disgust andnegative emotions are important clinical constructs associ-ated with trauma and PTSD. These results may contributeto our understanding and treatment of PTSD.
Coping strategies adopted when faced with stress and eating disorders: a systematic review
(Elsevier, 2025) Jiménez-Padilla, Carmen; Vázquez Morejón, Antonio José; Arias Sánchez, Samuel; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental
Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of disorders characterized by altered eating behaviors and/or the emergence of behaviors pertaining to weight control. Some studies report a relationship between coping strategies adopted in the face of stress and EDs. However, the latest review on this topic was carried out in 2008 by Quiles & Terol. A systematic review of studies that have investigated the relationship between coping strategies and EDs in clinical (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder) and non-clinical populations, aged 12–25 years has been conducted. Articles in English and Spanish were selected from Web of Science and Psycinfo databases in the last 15 years. Eighteen articles were finally included in the review. The results show a higher use of negative, avoidant, and emotion-focused coping strategies in populations with eating disorders or with high scores on questionnaires; additionally, results uncovered a higher use of positive coping strategies in populations without eating disorders or with low scores on questionnaires measuring ED symptomatology.
Characteristics of self-harm in an emergency situation among youth: a longitudinal five-year cohort study
(Springer, 2025) Varo Martín, Cristina; Barrigón, María L.; Rider, Julia; Reguera, Pablo; Mayo-Jaraquemada, Ana; Canal-Rivero, Manuel; Garrido-Torres, Nathalia; Baca-García, Enrique; Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psiquiatría; Junta de Andalucía
Self-harm is a growing phenomenon among young people. This study examined self-harm rates in youths over five years, before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we explored risk factors influencing self-harm repetition. We conducted a retrospective analysis of people under 25 years who presented with self-harm at an emergency department in Seville, Spain, from January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2022. Participants were identified through hospital records. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess changes in trends and compared demographic and clinical variables between pre- and post-pandemic periods. Cox regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of repeated self-harm. The study included of 726 individuals, with 282 (38.84%) and 444 (61.16%) first-time self-harm cases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset, respectively. A significant increase in self-harm rates was observed from December 2020 to March 2021. Post-pandemic, there was an over-representation of 10-14-year-olds, increased substance use rates, and a higher proportion of suicide attempts compared to non-suicidal self-injuries. Affective disorders, personality disorders, lifetime psychiatric history, and previous non-suicidal self-injuries were associated with higher rates of recurring self-harm episodes. Self-harm among young people increased one year after the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Post-pandemic first-time self-harm cases exhibited higher rates of substance use and tended to engage in suicide attempts, particularly among 10-14-year-olds. Recurrence was associated with psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric history and non-suicidal self-harm history.
Bipolar disorder in disabled adult Spanish population—factors associated with self-reported health status in these subjects: population-based cross-sectional study
(MDPI, 2025) Failde, Inmaculada; Palomo-Osuna, Jenifer; Salazar, Alejandro; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
Background/Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in a Spanish disabled adult population (DAP), the differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables in the DAP with and without BD, and the factors associated with selfreported health status in the DAP with BD. Methods: This is a population-based crosssectional study including N = 11,130 adults from the “Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations Survey 2020” carried out in Spain by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE). We used secondary data with self-reported information on sociodemographic, mental and physical health status (HS), difficulties in daily living, and use of health services. We estimated the prevalence of BD in the DAP. Bivariate analyses were carried out to compare the DAP with/without BD and multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyse factors associated with self-reported HS in the DAP with BD. Results: The prevalence of BD in the DAP is 2.42%. People with BD were younger, showed more anxiety and musculoskeletal diseases, reported worse HS, performed less physical and social activities, had more social difficulties and less contact with other people, used more health services, and reported discrimination due to their disability. Older age (OR = 1.030) and the presence of anxiety (OR = 4.479) were related to worse self-reported HS. Conclusions: BD is present in 2.42% of the Spanish DAP with significant consequences for their HS. Our findings summarise some of the main factors that characterise the BD population with disability versus those without BD and show that anxiety is an important factor affecting the perception of HS.

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