dc.creator | Vornicu, Ion | es |
dc.creator | Darie, Ángela | es |
dc.creator | Carmona Galán, Ricardo | es |
dc.creator | Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito | es |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-12T15:07:10Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-12-12T15:07:10Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Vornicu, I., Darie, Á., Carmona Galán, R. y Rodríguez Vázquez, Á.B. (2019). Compact Real-Time Inter-Frame Histogram Builder for 15-Bits High-Speed ToF-Imagers Based on Single-Photon Detection. IEEE Sensors Journal, 19 (6), 2181-2190. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1530-437X | es |
dc.identifier.issn | 1558-1748 | es |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11441/90845 | |
dc.description.abstract | Time-of-flight (ToF) image sensors based on single-photon detection, i.e., SPADs, require some filtering of pixel readings. Accurate depth measurements are only possible if the jitter of the detector is mitigated. Moreover, the time stamp needs to be effectively separated from uncorrelated noise, such as dark counts and background illumination. A powerful tool for this is building a histogram of a number of pixel readings. Future generation of ToF imagers are seeking to increase spatial and temporal resolution along with the dynamic range and frame rate. Under these circumstances, storing the complete histogram for every pixel becomes practically impossible. Considering that most of the information contained by the histogram represents noise, we propose a highly efficient method to store just the relevant data required for the ToF computation. This method makes use of the shifted inter-frame histogram. It requires a memory as low as 128 times smaller than storing the complete histogram if the pixel values are coded on up to 15 bits. Moreover, a fixed 2 8 words memory is enough to process histograms containing up to 2 15 bins. In exchange, the overall frame rate only decreases to one half. The hardware implementation of this algorithm is presented. Its remarkable robustness for a low SNR of the ToF estimation is demonstrated by Matlab simulations and FPGA implementation using input data from a SPAD camera prototype. | es |
dc.description.sponsorship | Office of Naval Research (USA) N000141410355 | es |
dc.description.sponsorship | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-66878-C3-1-R | es |
dc.description.sponsorship | Junta de Andalucía TIC 2338-2013 | es |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Union H2020 765866 | es |
dc.format | application/pdf | es |
dc.language.iso | eng | es |
dc.publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | es |
dc.relation.ispartof | IEEE Sensors Journal, 19 (6), 2181-2190. | |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Shifted inter-frame histogram (SifH) | es |
dc.subject | Real-time time-of-flight (ToF) estimation | es |
dc.subject | ToF image sensor | es |
dc.subject | Single-photon avalanche-diode (SPAD) | es |
dc.title | Compact Real-Time Inter-Frame Histogram Builder for 15-Bits High-Speed ToF-Imagers Based on Single-Photon Detection | es |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es |
dcterms.identifier | https://ror.org/03yxnpp24 | |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | es |
dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es |
dc.contributor.affiliation | Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo | es |
dc.relation.projectID | N000141410355 | es |
dc.relation.projectID | TEC2015-66878-C3-1-R | es |
dc.relation.projectID | TIC 2338-2013 | es |
dc.relation.projectID | 765866 | es |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2885960 | es |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2885960 | es |
idus.format.extent | 10 p. | es |
dc.journaltitle | IEEE Sensors Journal | es |
dc.publication.volumen | 19 | es |
dc.publication.issue | 6 | es |
dc.publication.initialPage | 2181 | es |
dc.publication.endPage | 2190 | es |