Light regulates the degradation of the regulatory protein VE-1 in the fungus Neurospora crassa

Abstract

Background: Fungi use light as an environmental signal to regulate developmental transitions that are key aspects of their biological cycles and that are also relevant for their dispersal and infectivity as plant or animal pathogens. In addition, light regulates the accumulation of photoprotective pigments, like carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites. Most fungal light responses occur after changes in gene transcription and we describe here a novel efect of light in the regulation of degradation of VE-1, a key component of the velvet complex, in the model fungus Neurospora crassa. The velvet complex is a fungal-specifc protein complex that coordinates fungal development, secondary metabolism, and light regulation by interacting with other regulators and photoreceptors and modifying gene expression. Results: We have characterized the role of VE-1 during conidiation in N. crassa. In vegetative mycelia, VE-1 is localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei and is required for light-dependent transcription but does not interact with the pho‑ toreceptor and transcription factor WC-1. VE-1 is more stable in light than in darkness during asexual development (conidiation). We have shown that this light efect requires the blue-light photoreceptor WC-1. We have characterized the role of the proteasome, the COP9 signalosome (CSN), and the adaptor component of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases, FWD-1, in the degradation of VE-1. Conclusions: We propose that this new efect of light allows the fungal cell to adapt quickly to changes in light exposure by promoting the accumulation of VE-1 for the regulation of genes that participate in the biosynthesis of photoprotective pigments.