Artículos (Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE))

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11312

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Weather-driven cycling: developing a predictive model for urban bicycle usage based on five key weather factors
(MDPI, 2025-02-11) Falah, Nahid; Falah, Nadia; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Weather conditions significantly influence urban cycling, shaping both its frequency and intensity. This study develops a predictive model to evaluate the impact of five key meteorological factors, namely temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and daylight duration, on urban cycling trends. Using non-linear regression analysis, the research examines cycling data from 2017 to 2019 in Hamburg, Germany, comparing predicted values for 2019 with actual data to assess model accuracy. The statistical analyses reveal strong correlations between weather parameters and cycling activity, highlighting each factor’s unique influence. The model achieved high accuracy, with R2 values of 0.942 and 0.924 for 2017 and 2019, respectively. To further validate its robustness, the model is applied to data from 2021 and 2023—years not included in its initial development—yielding R2 values of 0.893 and 0.919. These results underscore the model’s reliability and adaptability across different timeframes. This study not only confirms the critical influence of weather on urban cycling patterns, but also provides a scalable framework for broader urban planning applications. Beyond the immediate findings, this research proposes expanding the model to incorporate urban factors, such as land use, population density, and socioeconomic conditions, offering a comprehensive tool for urban planners and policymakers to enhance sustainable transportation systems.
Predictive stressors for the burnout syndrome in firefighters. A systematic review
(Elsevier, 2025-06) García Iglesias, Juan Jesús; Bermejo Ramírez, Ana María; Goniewicz, Krzysztof; Fernández Carrasco, Francisco Javier; Gómez Salgado, Carlos; Camacho Vega, Juan Carlos; Gómez Salgado, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
Firefighters are exposed to situations where decision making is constant and affects not only the lives of those they serve, but also their own. The aim of this study was to identify stress-related factors that may predispose to the development of burnout in firefighters. A systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 statement was carried out in the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Pubmed databases. The literature search was conducted in August 2024. The methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 34 studies were included in this review. Among the risk factors identified as being associated with burnout were years of service, low levels of self-compassion, language barriers, alcohol consumption, age, proactive and negative coping styles, work stress, perceived stress, compassion fatigue, previous mental health history, performance in an external environment, family responsibilities, satisfaction with standard of living, feelings of loneliness, sleep disturbance, and work uniform. In this population, protective factors against the development of burnout included proactive coping, physical activity, perceived social support, self-concept clarity, and resilience. A number of risk and protective factors have been identified as predisposing the emergence of the burnout syndrome. These stressors have the potential to impact the worker, resulting in occupational illnesses and injuries, poor compliance with safety measures, and the onset of sleep disorders. Such consequences may have serious implications for the worker’s physical and mental health, as well as the health and integrity of third parties.
ALHAMAT: analysing materiality of the Alhambra to elucidate the Nasrid dynasty's power in the Emirate of Granada
(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Cardell Fernández, Carolina; García Contreras, Guillermo; Koffler Urbano, Teresa; Ríos Jiménez, Juan Manuel; García Porras, Alberto; Alejandre Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Sánchez Mesa, Domingo; Torre Espinosa, Mario de la; Mattei, Luca; Rodríguez Sánchez, David; Cano Padilla, Emilio; Losilla Martínez, Nicolás; Cardell Fernández, Esther; Nieto Liñán, José Miguel; Martínez Ávila, Fernando; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
The Nasrid emirate of southern Iberia emanated power through architecture; this project aims to better understand how this was made possible, via an interdisciplinary exploration of the Alhambra monument and other Al-Andalus constructions. Initial results of archaeological campaigns, structure chronologies and communication plans undertaken in 2021 and 2022 are presented.
Towards the quantification of energy demand and consumption through the adaptive comfort approach in mixed mode office buildings considering climate change
(Elsevier, 2019-03-15) Sánchez García, Daniel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Martín del Río, Juan Jesús; Pérez Fargallo, Alexis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems represent one of the highest energy consumptions for office buildings. They are traditionally based on fixed setpoint temperatures during working hours and disregard outdoor conditions. The use of natural ventilation coupled with HVAC systems is frequently proposed when considering the global tendency towards reducing energy consumption in buildings. Buildings working under mixed mode instead of full air-conditioned mode, are a climate adaption development and usually lead to a decrease in energy consumption. However, there is no consensus on comfort thresholds and it is difficult to predict energy demand and consumption when considering global warming. This research focuses on quantifying the application of an adaptive comfort control mode in mixed mode office buildings. It consists of using daily setpoint temperatures based on the adaptive thermal comfort approach, in both present and future scenarios. The results show a 74.6% reduction in energy demand and a 59.7% drop in energy consumption when the adaptive comfort control implemented model (ACCIM) is applied in the current scenario. Results also establish that the ACCIM is more resilient to climate change, despite the fact that an increase in energy demand and consumption can be expected. The reduction of the energy demand ranges, with respect to the baseline model, from 31.0% currently to 39.1% in 2080, while energy consumption changes from 40.2% to 62.0% in 2080.
A comparative study on energy demand through the adaptive thermal comfort approach considering climate change in office buildings of Spain
(Springer, 2020) Sánchez García, Daniel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Tristancho Carvajal, Mónica; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
In Spain, the current Building Technical Code (referred to as CTE in Spanish) establishes restrictive setpoint temperatures that ensure high levels of thermal comfort but at the expense of high energy demands. However, the strategy to achieve thermal comfort in offices tends towards the adaptive approach, since users manually open windows, control the operation of the air-conditioning systems, and perform adaptation actions in order to achieve adequate levels of well-being. This research develops the adaptive comfort control implemented model (ACCIM), which dynamically handles the setpoint temperatures based on the limits of adaptive comfort, in three representative climatic zones of the Spanish territory, in both the present scenario and future scenarios. This is carried out by following a methodology based on the phases of (i) analysis of climatic zones, (ii) model construction, (iii) data collection, (iv) simulations in the present scenario, (v) simulations in future scenarios, and (vi) analysis of the results of a theoretical model and of a real-life model. Not only do the results indicate that it is possible to reduce the energy demand, by using adaptive setpoint temperatures, up to 69.91% for the least restrictive category and of 31.34% in the category that has the highest level of expectation of the users, but they also show the variations in demand that would occur in possible future climatic scenarios. The application of the study in a real-life case achieves minimum differences of between 3% and 10%, thereby validating the prediction model.
Identifying circular city indicators based on advanced text analytics: a multi-algorithmic approach
(MDPI, 2024-12-25) Falah, Nadia; Falah, Navid; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Circular Economy (CE) and circular cities are recognized as essential approaches for achieving sustainability and fostering sustainable urban development. Given the diverse definitions and principles, multidimensional complexities, and lack of a comprehensive list of CE indicators, this study aims to propose an innovative method for identifying macro-level indicators to assess urban circularity. This methodology combines a systematic literature review (SLR) with advanced machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. A multi-algorithmic approach, incorporating BERT, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, graph-based and clustering models, is employed to extract a comprehensive set of indicators from reputable scientific articles and reports to compare frequency and similarly based on each model. The overlap and accuracy of results from these five methods are analyzed to produce a refined list of indicators with high precision and alignment with core CE principles. This curated collection serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and designers, enabling the prediction of future trends in urban circularity. Additionally, it provides guidance for research and practical projects at various scales, from buildings and neighborhoods to entire cities, facilitating a more precise assessment of sustainability and circularity in modern urban environments.
Thermal footprint of the urbanization process: analyzing the heat effects of the Urbanization Index (UI) on the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) over two decades in Seville
(MDPI, 2024-11-10) Falah, Nadia; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Falah, Nahid; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Urbanization is a multifaceted process characterized by changes in urban areas through various means, such as sprawl, ribbon development, or infill and compact growth. This phenomenon changes the pattern of the local climate zone (LCZ) and significantly affects the climate, vegetation dynamics, energy consumption, water resources, and public health. This study aims to discern the impacts of changes in urban growth on the LCZ and land surface temperature (LST) over a two-decade period. A comprehensive methodology that integrates statistical analysis, data visualization, machine learning, and advanced techniques, such as remote sensing technology and geospatial analysis systems, is employed. ENVI, GEE, and GIS tools are utilized to collect, process, and monitor satellite data and imagery of temporal and spatial variations in intensive or diffuse urbanization processes from 2003 to 2023 to analyze and simulate land use and land cover (LULC) changes, urbanization index (UI), LCZ patterns, and LST changes over the years and to make overlapping maps of changes to recognize the relation between LULC, LCZ, and LST. This study focuses on Seville’s urban area, which has experienced rapid urbanization and a significant increase in average temperature during the last few decades. The findings of this study will provide actionable recommendations into the interplay between urban growth and climate and highlight the pivotal role of urban growth in shaping resilience and vulnerable areas based on microclimate changes. Urban planners can leverage these insights to predict alternatives for the future development of urban areas and define practical climate mitigation strategies.
The water footprint of city naturalisation. Evaluation of the water balance of city gardens
(Elsevier, 2020-05-15) Ruiz-Pérez, María Rocío; Alba-Rodríguez, María Desirée; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The new paradigm regarding the role of urban infrastructures related to the urban water cycle in cities is based on three strategies: improving water use efficiency, avoiding water contamination and restoring natural water streams. Achieving an improved water balance in cities is an ambitious objective that involves the naturalisation of cities and, in the specific case of consolidated areas, the multiplication of green spaces by developing green areas scattered by public roads. The water in and out the city gardens is modelled for the first time by including the water necessities of the plants. This work presents a methodology to assess new urbanistic projects by means of adapting the calculation of the water footprint developed by Hoekstra and Chapagain. The latter is most commonly applied to the agricultural sector, and it is adapted for the evaluation of a street project in Seville, Spain. The estimation of the water balance of an urban system in the presence of greenery, with a biophysical perspective and a spatiotemporal scale based on the incorporation of local data and water consumption in the urban sector, until now has been scarcely explored. The model developed helps to differentiate urbanisation projects, both to identify those alternatives that are best suited to each urban environment and to define specific objectives, and subsequently to predict the resilience of solutions using the local scenarios.
A budget for the ecological footprint of buildings is possible: a case study using the dwelling construction cost database of Andalusia
(Elsevier, 2019-11) Freire Guerrero, Antonio; Alba-Rodríguez, María Desirée; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Over the last decade, the ARDITEC research group has developed a methodology for the calculation of the ecological footprint of buildings throughout their life cycle. The model starts with the evaluation of the information in the budget on whether they are urbanization, construction, renovation, or demolition projects, and evaluates its impact employing databases of Life Cycle Analysis. In the present work, the methodology is adapted in order to be valid in the determination of project budgets that simultaneously calculate the economic cost and its ecological footprint. The boundaries of the problem are the ones already defined in the Andalusian construction cost databases. The database has a pyramidal structure (basic elements or units) enables either the impact of work units to be combined or the cost or impact to be determined of different stages (earthworks, foundations, structures, etc.). The present work evaluates, for the first time, all the basic elements in dwelling construction, approximately 7000 items. Finally, a case study of the urbanization and construction of dwellings in Andalusia is presented. The economic control of the budgets provides the opportunity to introduce the control of the environmental impact by using a common language already in place in the sector.
Caracterización de la cimentación y suelo subyacente de la Giralda de Sevilla, España.
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 1997) Barrios Padura, Ángela; Valverde Espinosa, Ignacio; Polo Velasco, Jorge Luis; Fernández Vélez, Miguel Ángel; Martínez Girón, Ángel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y Proyectos de Ingeniería; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Este estudio se ha realizado con el objetivo de investigar la naturaleza, tipología y composición de la cimentación de la Giralda, así como las características del terreno subyacente que sirve de apoyo, coincidiendo con la celebración de los 800 años de la terminación de la torre musulmana. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto aspectos tan importantes como la profundidad de la cimentación, en tomo a 5 m desde la actual cota de acerado; la existencia de un pequeño sobreancho en la misma; su composición, a base de sillares de piedra calcarenita; la preparación del terreno de apoyo... Por lo que respecta al suelo, se ha determinado su capacidad portante; los asientos producidos en las diferentes fases de la construcción de la torre y su evolución en el tiempo; el asiento diferencial que justifica la muy ligera inclinación que presenta.
A systematic review of BIM-based life cycle sustainability assessment for buildings
(MDPI, 2024-12-17) Berges Álvarez, Ileana; Martínez Rocamora, Alejandro; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The construction industry has enormous impacts on the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. To mitigate these impacts, several researchers have explored a variety of methods that link Building Information Modeling (BIM) with methodologies for a holistic evaluation of sustainability, such as Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). However, the complete integration of BIM-LCSA still remains unresolved, with a series of challenges that must be overcome. Consequently, the aim of this article is to identify the advances and challenges of BIM-LCSA integration focused on buildings through a literature review of the existing solutions presented by researchers worldwide. The PRISMA 2020 protocol is used. A total of 135 articles published between 2010–2023 are reviewed for bibliometric analysis. Furthermore, an exhaustive analysis of the case studies is carried out, by taking into account the structure proposed by ISO 14040. The authors identify a gap in the literature mainly regarding the full integration of the three dimensions with BIM that facilitates a simultaneous on-the-air assessment, in addition to the lack of a standardized LCSA method of calculation.
CARES Framework: a circularity assessment method for residential building structures
(MDPI, 2025-01-08) Vásquez Cabrera, Alicia Isolina; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Llatas, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (Datus-Lab)
The construction industry contributes to global waste through its “take-make-dispose” model. In response, the European Commission has developed Action Plans to promote a Circular Economy (CE). However, there is currently no standardised Circularity Indicator (CI). The main barrier thereof is the lack of consensus on assessment criteria, stemming from the dispersity of advancements among the methodologies available. The CARES Framework (CARES-F) has been designed to address this issue by integrating ISO standards, Level(s), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) criteria into the traditional MCI framework. This innovative framework also introduces further variables from the CE perspective, such as transport impact, biomaterials, and quantitative Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Design for Disassembly (DfD) and Design for Adaptability (DfA). The validation is carried out on a typical Spanish residential building structure by applying the CARES-F and two micro-CIs based on the MCI. The results exhibit the low circularity of resource-intensive systems and highlight the need for secondary raw material in flow, as well as DfA criteria. These findings underscore the significance of the introduced quantitative KPIs in the CIs accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of the CARES-F in the identification of circularity gaps and selection of optimal circular design strategies from early project stages.
Use of international adaptive thermal comfort models as a strategy for adjusting the museum environments of the Mudejar Pavilion, Seville
(MDPI, 2024-11-01) Gallego Maya, Inmaculada; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Adaptive thermal comfort models are increasingly utilized to condition thermal environments by considering occupants’ adaptability. The most widely recognized models internationally are the ASHRAE 55-2020 and UNE-EN 16798-1:2020 standards, primarily applied in residential and office buildings. However, their use in heritage buildings such as museums has been very limited. These environments present unique challenges that complicate the implementation of conventional energy-saving methodologies due to restrictions on interventions in the buildings to safeguard their historical value. Therefore, it is essential to develop research that evaluates the applicability of these standards as an alternative strategy to the specific conditions of museums in heritage buildings in Spain. This study aims to explore the application of the international adaptive thermal comfort models of the ASHRAE 55-2020 and UNE-EN 16798-1:2020 standards in parallel with the preventive conservation conditions of the collections established by the UNE-EN 15757:2011 standard. The aim is to evaluate new strategies for environmental reconditioning to improve visitor comfort while ensuring the conservation of the collections in the exhibition spaces of the Museum of Popular Arts and Customs, housed in a 1914 building known as the Mudejar Pavilion in Seville. Field monitoring was conducted to assess the thermal environment and visitor comfort. The results revealed that the monitored environmental conditions of the exhibition spaces of the Mudejar Pavilion, in accordance with ASHRAE 55-2020 standards, showed high effectiveness in ensuring thermal comfort for visitors, achieving comfort 99% of the time annually, with an acceptability of 80%. High suitability for the conservation of collections was also observed, with optimal conditions achieved 87% of the time. However, under the standards of UNE-EN 15757:2011 for a Category III expectation level, comfort was only achieved 70% of the year, while stability of conservation conditions was achieved 88% of the time. Finally, the implementation of specific correction guidelines is proposed to achieve the acceptability limits of greater energy efficiency.
Towards a multiple-indicator approach to energy poverty in the European Union
(Elsevier, 2019) Castaño-Rosa, Raúl; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
The term energy poverty (EP), mostly used to capture problems related to an inadequate access to energy suppliers in developing countries, and that of fuel poverty (FP), commonly employed when households suffer from insufficient monetary resources to pay for their basic energy needs, are used interchangeably by many researchers. Energy poverty and/or fuel poverty are considered to be an indication of domestic energy deprivation or energy vulnerability and remain a global problem that has been accentuated in Europe due to the economic crisis. This work has made a comprehensive review of the current concepts and indicators of FP, and of current initiatives to tackle this issue, across Europe, thereby raising the discussion of how energy vulnerability factors fit FP situations: available infrastructure, energy efficiency, social and economic poverty, and wellbeing and health. In this context, the first weak spot of the FP indicators and initiatives analyzed is that most factors that influence the everyday activities of a household are not considered (comfort, health, and wellbeing), resulting in an incomplete analysis if these are used in an isolated way. This paper provides a multiple-indicator approach to understand an FP situation beyond its traditional definition, thereby establishing a starting point for the reflection of vulnerability in policy decisions and methodological implications.
Heating energy performance gap in vulnerable households: identification and impact of associated variables
(MDPI, 2024-10-08) Seguel Vargas, Sebastián; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Pereira Ruchansky, Lucía; Pérez Fargallo, Alexis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT). Chile; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Reducing energy consumption in the construction sector is urgently needed. In Chile, where income distribution is unequal and the cost of energy is high, energy demand is seriously affected, especially in vulnerable households. Hence, it is essential to establish public policies with more realistic energy-saving goals to address this situation. However, reliably predicting the energy performance of buildings remains a challenge. For this reason, this study aims to identify and evaluate the impact of the variables associated with energy performance in vulnerable households in Central-Southern Chile and propose values that would reduce the gap. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to achieve this, adjusting the energy performance parameters in a base model with data analyzed using local standards. In addition, field information was collected in 93 households to obtain the actual energy consumption. The main results show that the variables that most impacted performance were infiltration, COP, heating setpoints, and schedules, which generated a 60% difference between the theoretical and actual consumption.
Rehabilitation or demolition of small hydropower plants evaluation of the environmental and economic sustainability of the case study “El Cerrajón”
(MDPI, 2024-08-22) Vázquez López, Eduardo; Matitos Montoya, Víctor; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
During the 1950s, numerous small-capacity hydroelectric power plants were built in Spain. Seventy-five years on, it must now be decided whether to continue their operation or demolish them. In order to provide a valid answer, it is necessary to have access to decision-making tools that enable sustainable economic and environmental decision making. The present work proposes a methodology that employs an economic indicator of life cycle cost and environmental indicators of carbon footprint and embodied energy by means of life cycle data analysis. Quantification of the impacts was carried out with the support of construction cost databases and the PREDICE software tool for the quantification of environmental impacts incorporated into maintenance tasks. The case study of the “Cerrajón” power plant was analyzed, where historical hydrological cycles were considered. A life cycle scenario was evaluated in which renovation extended the life of the power plant by a further 75 years. The results show savings in environmental impacts with respect to the impacts of the Spanish energy mix of up to 175 kgCO2 per MWh produced, although no economic benefit was found. It was also shown that in climate change scenarios, the profit price breakeven increases. Rehabilitation appears to present the best choice when combining the two criteria.
Methodology to determine the adequacy of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras and their application to medical emergency services
(Elsevier, 2020) Marín García, David; Moyano, Juan; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Antón García, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
When an infrared thermography camera is used inside buildings, the characteristics of the place where the camera is used should be considered since results could be affected. For this reason, the development of methodologies is of great interest to know, as accurate as possible, whether these spaces have the appropriate conditions to use those cameras. The goal of this research is to establish the possibility of applying quality management methodologies, such as the Quality Function Deployment, very known and usually used in other scopes. Thus, the characteristics of enclosures belonging to medical emergency units in Spain were used as the object of experimentation given the importance of these services for society and the possibility of using directly useful technologies for diagnosis. After collecting the starting information based on references, the consultation to 21 experts, and the characteristics of these enclosures included in regulations, standards and recommendations in Spain, and also after applying the methodology mentioned above, the results showed that air conditioning (13.6/100), the thermal insulation of the room (11.9/100), windows (10.5/100), dimensions of spaces (10.2/100), and humidity (10.1/100) are the most influential factors. Within the scope of medical emergency services, those triage, consultation, examination, treatment, and observation rooms fulfilling what is specified by Spanish regulations, standards and recommendations obtained positive assessments (≥3/5) in most cases. It was therefore concluded that this methodology is of great interest to assess generally the suitability of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras, and regarding the specific case of the main enclosures of medical emergency services fulfilling with Spanish standards and recommendations, their characteristics make them suitable for using infrared thermography cameras, at least in relation to the fulfilment of basic conditions.
Is the analysis scale crucial to assess energy poverty? Analysis of yearly and monthly assessments using the 2M indicator in the south of Spain
(Elsevier, 2023) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Marín García, David; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Energy poverty has been addressed as a global problem. Many studies have been conducted, and several indicators have been established to detect energy poverty. However, most analyses have been performed at a yearly level without considering the differences throughout the year. This study performed a sensitivity analysis to determine these differences using the 2 M indicator in 36,230,400 case studies in the south of Spain, which is a warm zone with great energy poverty, as well as vulnerable to climate change effects. The results showed that monthly assessment could increase energy poverty situations in the months with greater climate severity, compared to yearly assessment. That increase in winter and summer months raised energy poverty cases over 20 %, with these months being those with greater vulnerability due to cold and heat waves, respectively. The results also showed that variations were independent of both the technical characteristics of the dwelling and the use of HVAC systems. Energy poverty cases were reduced only in the summer months with the adaptive approach, which considers thermal adaptation. The use of the 2 M indicator in monthly scales can detect vulnerable family units that cannot be detected by yearly studies, so monthly scales are crucial for governments to adopt energy poverty policies and strategies
Holistic analysis to reduce energy poverty in social dwellings in southern Spain considering envelope, systems, operational pattern, and income levels
(Elsevier, 2024) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Energy renovations carried out in energy poor households should consider a holistic view in the short-, mid- and long-term, especially in warm areas such as Andalusia, in the south of Spain. This study addresses the existing knowledge gap on technological and economic interactions in the energy poverty of family units in warm areas of Spain. To do this, the study performs a parametric analysis. In this parametric analysis, a dataset of 36,230,400 instances was developed considering envelope, HVAC systems, an operational pattern (based on static and adaptive thermal comfort models), and family units’ income levels. Likewise, the energy poverty ratio was compared based on the high share of energy expenditure in income (2 M). The results showed that improving envelope and establishing adaptive operational patterns did not effectively reduce energy poverty cases in lowincome families in the south of Spain. However, these strategies were appropriate in family units with greater incomes to remove energy poverty cases, regardless of the low reduction in energy consumption by improving the envelope. This study is a starting point to combine social aids, energy improvements and rational energy use through adaptive operational patterns.
Analysing energy poverty in warm climate zones in Spain through artificial intelligence
(Elsevier, 2023) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Marín García, David; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Using automated tools to detect energy poverty (EP) is a developing field. Artificial intelligence and data mining could be used to provide solutions to reduce EP cases. As for Spain, there is no study addressing this characterization that could be significant in warmer zones of the country (i.e., the most exposed zones to climate change). Simulated energy consumption data were used with data of energy prices and family units' incomes based on the public income indicator of multiple effects (IPREM in Spanish). In addition, the high share of energy expenditure in income (2 M) was used to assess EP. A total of 36,230,400 cases were simulated to train and test 312 prediction models, 104 by each algorithm. The algorithms were multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), and M5P. The results showed that these three algorithms were appropriate, with tree-type models obtaining better estimates. For greater effectiveness, prediction models should also be used for the income threshold considered in their development. The results also showed the utility of artificial intelligence in the prediction of EP without performing an energy analysis in detail, thus optimizing energy managers and social workers' work. In addition, prediction tools could be used to estimate monthly family units’ EP situation.

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