Artículos (Psicología Social)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11261

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Estado de la cuestión de la convivencia escolar en el sistema educativo español
(Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, 2022) Gálvez Algaba, Andrés; García González, Alfonso Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
La convivencia escolar en sus diversas manifestaciones se ha convertido en los últimos años en una de las principales temáticas a abordar por las escuelas, así como en uno de los principales retos educativos de la educación del siglo XXI. El objetivo principal de este artículo será el analizar con carácter prospectivo la evolución del tratamiento de la convivencia escolar en España a través de dos ejes analíticos. Por un lado, se plantea el análisis de su recorrido histórico enmarcado en su contexto social, y por otro, su tratamiento en la legislación educativa, con el fin de que se pueda apreciar su importancia desde su recorrido hasta nuestros días y finalmente establecer estrategias para su tratamiento en el futuro. Se ha realizado una revisión documental y bibliográfica, así como un análisis de las leyes orgánicas educativas hasta la recientemente aprobada LOMLOE. La selección de los artículos y documentos bibliográficos se realizó siguiendo los criterios de ser artículos recientes y en relación con las palabras claves que aparecen en el presente artículo. Tras el análisis, se constata una clara evolución de la convivencia escolar desde un instrumento al servicio del Estado hasta una idea correctiva punitiva del concepto para llegar finalmente a uno más relacionado con la conciencia ciudadana, moral y cívica de nuestros días.
El análisis de redes sociales en la investigación en salud pública: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2019) Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Objetivo Llevamos a cabo una revisión sistemática para conocer las aplicaciones del análisis de redes sociales (ARS) en la investigación en salud pública (ISP). Materiales y Métodos Las bases de datos utilizadas son PubMed, MEDLINE y Academic Search Complete. Se procesaron 1,151 artículos, de los cuales 361 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y constituyen la muestra final. Resultados El perfil genérico de los estudios evaluados es de carácter cuantitativo (84,5%), transversal (64,5%) y emplean procedimientos de la estadística convencional para testar hipótesis (68,9%). Destacan los estudios que examinan el papel de las redes como factor de riesgo o protección de la salud (38%), las investigaciones epidemiológicas (34,6%) y los trabajos que analizan sistemas que proporcionan atención socio-sanitaria (24,4%). Conclusiones Se identifican notables diferencias entre las investigaciones a nivel egocéntrico y sociocéntrico. Discutimos los resultados en orden a que la ISP extraiga el máximo potencial de los métodos de ARS.
Efeitos da crise económica e das políticas de austeridade na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde da população migrante em quatro países do sul da Europa: revisão scoping
(Centro Scalabriniano de Estudos Migratórios - CSEM, 2018) Jordão, Nuno Moita; De Freitas, Cláudia; García Ramírez, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
O objectivo deste artigo é reunir e sintetizar o conhecimento existente sobre o impacto da crise económica e das consequentes políticas de austeridade no estado de saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde das populações migrantes em países do sul da Europa, nomeadamente Portugal, Espanha, Itália e Grécia. Os resultados analisados indicam que a crise económica e as políticas de austeridade tiveram um impacto negativo na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde dos migrantes em três países, já que não se encontraram dados relativos a Portugal. Os seus efeitos negativos espelham-se na saúde mental, saúde ocupacional, doenças transmissíveis e não transmissíveis, saúde infantil e na perceção subjetiva de saúde. A acessibilidade dos cuidados de saúde tornou-se mais limitada em Espanha, especialmente para a população de imigrantes em situação irregular.
The Influence of Gender on Academic Performance and Psychological Resilience, and the Relationship Between Both: Understanding the Differences Through Gender Stereotypes
(Springer, 2024) Vera Gil, Sara; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Numerous studies have shown that psychological resilience is a key capability for students to succeed in an academic setting, but few of them have analyzed this connection from the perspective of gender. With the hypothesis that resilience and academic performance correlations are displayed differently across genders, we used the RESI-M questionnaire and academic grades to analyze this assumption. The results showed that there are gender differences in terms of the relationship between psychological resilience and academic performance. While we found that for women some factors of psychological resilience did correlate with their grades, no relationship between any of the factors and academic performance was found in men. As gender theory has claimed, men and women show differences in their behavior due to gender socialization and through the influence of gender stereotypes. Concerning these differences, our results demonstrate that while women make use of their resilience capacity in the form of planning skills and social support to perform better in higher education, men do not. Using our theoretical framework, these results are consistent with how women are socialized to make more effort in the academic setting. Men, on the other hand, tend to be less involved, since trying academically would make them “less of a man”. These results have some important implications for gender equality.
The mediating role of migrant community-based organizations: challenges and coping strategies
(Springer, 2024) Martínez Damia, Sara; Marzana, Daniela; Paloma, Virginia; Marta, Elena; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Migrant community-based organizations (MCBOs) are key mediating structures between immigrants and host societies. However, when implementing this role in host societies, MCBOs often face a number of challenges that reduce their chances to be effective in promoting social justice. This paper aims to analyze the challenges that MCBOs settled in Milan (Northern Italy) experience and the coping strategies that they use in order to provide some guidelines on how to support them. In-depth interviews, observations and document analysis with 15 MCBOs were conducted. Based on a situational analysis, we present the main challenges perceived by MCBOs at three levels: internal (i.e., surviving), inter-organizational (i.e., collaborating) and community (i.e., being recognized as mediating actors). We provide specific guidelines for action on how to address such challenges and thus foster the role of MCBOs as mediating structures in receiving societies.
Crafting behaviours and employees’ and their partners’ well-being: a weekly study
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Manzanares, Sandra; Martínez Corts, Inés; Hernández, Ana; Demerouti, Evangelia; Medina Díaz, Francisco José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Organizations are increasingly aware of the relevance of employees’ well-being, due to its positive impact on both companies and society. Based on the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) model, this study aims to analyse the relationship between two resource-gaining behaviours – i.e., expansion-oriented job crafting (JC) and leisure crafting (LC) behaviours- and employees’ and their partners’ well-being. A quantitative longitudinal study using weekly online questionnaires (for four weeks) was conducted with 50 participants and their partners. Results of a multilevel sequential mediation model with random slopes provided empirical support for the three-path sequential mediation model (weekly expansion-oriented JC ➔ weekly LC ➔ employees’ weekly well-being ➔ partners’ weekly well-being) when contemporaneous effects were considered, but not when time-lagged effects were considered. Thus, this study shows that work and leisure domains can be integrated – i.e., positively related- rather than segmented – and that both types of crafting behaviours positively contribute to higher employee well-being in the weeks when more crafting behaviours occur. In addition, when employees’ well-being increases from one week to the next, the well-being of their partners also increases. Taken together, these results suggest that crafting is a resource that contributes not only to the employees’ well-being, but also to that of their partners.
Workplace Bullying in a Sample of Italian and Spanish Employees and Its Relationship with Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Well-Being
(Frontiers Media , 2015) Arenas Moreno, Alicia; Giorgi, Gabriele; Montani, Francesco; Mancuso, Serena; Fiz Pérez, Javier; Mucci, Nicola; Arcangeli, Giulio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence rate of workplace bullying in a sample of Italian and Spanish employees, and its differential consequences on employees’ job satisfaction and psychological well-being. The effects of workplace bullying on job satisfaction and psychological well-being were explored taking into account a contextualized approach. Design/Methodology/approach – Cross-sectional study was adopted, in which a sample of 1,151 employees in Italy and 705 in Spain completed a questionnaire. We hypothesized that the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors and psychological well-being is mediated by job satisfaction, and that this simple mediation model is moderated by the country (moderated mediation). Findings – Results suggest that no particular differences exist in bullying prevalence among Spanish and Italian employees. However, we found scientific confirmation of our hypothesized moderated mediation model. Research limitations/implications – Despite the limitations of the sample studied, findings capture contextual differences in the bullying phenomenon, which may have several implications for further research in this domain, as well as for designing interventions to deal with workplace bullying. Originality/value – Although this study explores bullying in different cultural contexts without investigating specific cultural values, it establishes the roots to assess workplace bullying from a contextualized perspective.
Las alumnas universitarias: modelo de resiliencia
(Asociación Nacional de Psicología Evolutiva y Educativa de la Infancia Adolescencia Mayores y Discapacidad, 2014) Vera Gil, Sara; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Los informes educativos de los últimos años vienen advirtiendo un aumento progresivo de las mujeres en los estudios universitarios. Las Universidades a día de hoy se encuentran ampliamente feminizadas en la mayoría de titulaciones. Acercándonos a la historia de la educación de las mujeres, lo anteriormente señalado supone un importante logro para este colectivo, ya que, desde su acceso oficial al sistema educativo, han debido sortear serias dificultades. Estas dificultades provenientes tanto de barreras institucionales como de las limitaciones de los roles y estereotipos de género han sido superadas no sólo de una forma cuantitativa sino también cualitativamente, lo que parece apuntar a la presencia de comportamientos resilientes entre las estudiantes, comportamientos que se relacionan con el afrontamiento exitoso de las adversidades del entorno, saliendo fortalecidas de ellas y preparadas para enfrentarse a nuevos retos.
Community participation among immigrants: A generative journey towards personal growth
(Elsevier, 2023) Martínez Damia, Sara; Marzana, Daniela; Paloma, Virginia; Marta, Elena; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Immigrants usually live under oppressive settings and experience social suffering because of the unjust socio-cultural conditions of host societies. Community participation can be particularly beneficial for them as it leads to positive outcomes and the ability to resist oppression. In this article we argue that volunteerism—a specific form of community participation rooted in generativity—not only helps immigrants in handling oppression and social suffering but also leads to positive psychological changes. Combining the liberation psychology and generativity approaches, a qualitative study was implemented based on in‐depth interviews (N = 27) with immigrant volunteers of migrant community-based organizations settled in Milan, Italy. The results highlight how the process of immigrant volunteerism operates. Some immigrants cope with nostalgia for their countries of origin while others cope with social suffering in Italian society. In both cases, their coping is “generative” when connected to volunteerism, that allows immigrants to enact their social responsibility and care for future generations both in their country of origin and in host societies. The sense of mattering (i.e., feeling useful) and psychological sense of community (i.e., the sense of belonging to a group where solidarity is expressed) experienced within this type of organizations are related to paths of personal growth. Practical implications are presented.
A systematic review to determine the role of public space and urban design on sense of community
(Wiley, 2024) Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Domínguez de la Ossa, Elsy ; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
The aim of this research is to determine the effect that the physical characteristics of public spaces and their perceived quality have on residents’ sense of community (SoC). A systematic review was carried out following the protocol of the PRISMA guidelines; a systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, resulting in the retrieval of 637 records. After several screenings, 23 studies were identified. The results suggest that the perceived quality of public spaces exerts positive effects, but of moderate intensity, on SoC (range = 0.13–0.4, Mβ = 0.24, SD = 0.1), as does the possibility of walking to public spaces within the neighbourhood (range = 0.02–0.57; Mβ = 0.22; SD = 0.21). The results indicate that designing public spaces that facilitate social interaction is the main factor for enhancing SoC. The main findings of this review justify the design of public spaces and built environments that favour interpersonal relationships between residents, serve as contexts for socialization and community participation and can be used to celebrate cultural and recreational events for promoting social capital in urban contexts.
Mobile health requirements for the occupational health assessment of health care professionals: Delphi study
(JMIR Publications, 2023) Naranjo-Saucedo, Ana Belén; Escobar-Rodríguez, Germán Antonio; Tabernero, Carmen; Cuadrado, Esther; Parra-Calderón, Carlos Luis; Arenas Moreno, Alicia; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Junta de Andalucía
Background: In recent years, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the high level of stress among health care professionals has increased, and research in this area has intensified. Hospital staff members have historically been known to work in an environment involving high emotional demands, time pressure, and workload. Furthermore, the pandemic has increased the strain experienced by health care professionals owing to the high number of people they need to manage and, on many occasions, the limited available resources with which they must carry out their functions. These psychosocial risks are not always well dealt with by the organization or the professionals themselves. Therefore, it is necessary to have tools to assess these psychosocial risks and to optimize the management of this demand from health care professionals. Digital health, and more specifically, mobile health (mHealth), is presented as a health care modality that can contribute greatly to respond to these unmet needs. Objective: We aimed to analyze whether mHealth tools can provide value for the study and management of psychosocial risks in health care professionals, and assess the requirements of these tools. Methods: A Delphi study was carried out to determine the opinions of experts on the relevance of using mHealth tools to evaluate physiological indicators and psychosocial factors in order to assess occupational health, and specifically, stress and burnout, in health care professionals. The study included 58 experts with knowledge and experience in occupational risk prevention, psychosocial work, and health-related technology, as well as health professionals from private and public sectors. Results: Our data suggested that there is still controversy about the roles that organizations play in occupational risk prevention in general and psychosocial risks in particular. An adequate assessment of the stress levels and psychosocial factors can help improve employees’ well-being. Moreover, making occupational health evaluations available to the team would positively affect employees by increasing their feelings of being taken into account by the organization. This assessment can be improved with mHealth tools that identify and quickly highlight the difficulties or problems that occur among staff and work teams. However, to achieve good adherence and participation in occupational health and safety evaluations, experts consider that it is essential to ensure the privacy of professionals and to develop feelings of being supported by their supervisors. Conclusions: For years, mHealth has been used mainly to propose intervention programs to improve occupational health. Our research highlights the usefulness of these tools for evaluating psychosocial risks in a preliminary and essential phase of approaches to improve the health and well-being of professionals in health care settings. The most urgent requirements these tools must meet are those aimed at protecting the confidentiality and privacy of measurements.
Uncovering the relationship between community participation and socio-political control among the migrant population
(Wiley, 2024) Martínez-Damia, Sara M.; Paloma, Virginia; Luesia, Juan Fernando; Marta, Elena; Marzana, Daniela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Prior research on psychological empowerment has found that community participation is associated with socio-political control, which takes place when people perceive control in their socio-political contexts. However, the process by which this relationship occurs remains an understudied area for migrants. This study aims to: (a) analyze the differences in socio-political control, critical thinking, and ethnic identity according to membership in migrant community-based organizations; and (b) propose a predictive model of socio-political control. A total of 239 first-generation migrants living in northern Italy completed a questionnaire (48.4% belonged to a migrant community-based organization). Members were found to have higher levels than nonmembers in all the variables. A moderated mediation model was proposed, whereby ethnic identity was a mediator between community participation and socio-political control, and critical thinking was a negative moderator between ethnic identity and socio-political control. Practical implications for enhancing socio-political control among migrants in receiving societies are discussed.
Fit-intrapreneurship in the emerging economy of health and fitness industry
(Emerald, 2024) Lara Bocanegra, Alejandro; Pedragosa, Vera; García Fernández, Jerónimo; Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, María Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Purpose This study aims to analyze the precursors of high and low intrapreneurial intentions among fitness center employees, considering various variables (gender, age, organization size and job satisfaction). Design/methodology/approach The study involved 166 fitness center employees of the Portuguese fitness center. The study used a two-part questionnaire to gather sociodemographic data and assess variables related to intrapreneurial intentions and job satisfaction among fitness employees. The first part collected basic demographic information, while the second used validated scales to measure intrapreneurial intentions (innovation and risk-taking) and job satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic). Findings This study underscores intrapreneurship as key for the evolving global fitness sector, highlighting job satisfaction as critical for fostering intrapreneurial intentions. Age, organizational size and gender diversity are also significant, suggesting that fostering a diverse and satisfied workforce under transformational leadership can enhance fitness organizations’ adaptability and growth. Social implications This research supports the growth of the fitness sector by demonstrating how intrapreneurship, propelled by job satisfaction, can resolve challenges, benefiting fitness centers regardless of size, age or gender diversity. Originality/value The study highlights the vital role of intrapreneurs in the fitness industry, advocating a nongender-biased approach to intrapreneurship and identifying job satisfaction as key to fostering intrapreneurial intentions, beneficial for all fitness centers.
Pray for improvement: Experiences with mediation of female victims of intimate partner violence in Nigeria
(Springer, 2023) Ezema, Jennifer; Medina Díaz, Francisco José; Munduate Jaca, María Lourdes; Euwema, Martín; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
This study examines victims’ experiences with informal mediation conducted by Catholic priests and nuns in Nigeria. Interviews were conducted with 20 women who sought help from priests and nuns as they had experienced intimate partner violence. Their expectations before and experiences during and after this mediation were explored. Findings suggest that the level of intimate partner violence experienced by victims remains high, and in most cases their expectations of the mediation are not sufficiently met. Most priests and nuns tend to convince victims to forgive their husband and accept their situation while reinstating the patriarchal mentality without any sustainable improvement. Most victims report revictimization episodes after mediation. Implications for theory and practice of mediation by religious leaders are discussed.
Olympism in School and Competitive Anxiety: Its Influence on Participants and Their Perceptions
(Sciendo, 2024) Lara Bocanegra, Alejandro; Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, María Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Anxiety is one of the most widespread mental health disorders worldwide. It is prevalent throughout the life cycle and appears in multiple contexts, such as sports.In line with the idea of sport as a means of promoting integral health, the Andalusian Olympic Foundation promotes Olympic values through the “Olympism in School” programme. This programme, developed in two phases – theoretical and practical (including a “Mini Olympics”) – aims to improve the psychological development of participants through sporting competition. In order to demonstrate whether the management of factors such as competitive anxiety was achieved through this programme, 153 children aged 10-13 completed a socio-demographic data questionnaire and the SAS-2 questionnaire after participating in sporting events. The results showed that the participants endured intermediate levels of competitive anxiety (with greater weight given to the worry factor) and that the anxiety was greater in children not used to competition or who did not usually enjoy it. These findings indicate that competition is a factor related to anxiety in children and that strategies for managing the impact of the competitive context are necessary to enable enjoyment and healthy participation.
The role of self-compassion and compassion toward others in burnout syndrome in a sample of medical students
(Wiley, 2024) Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Ruiz, Érika; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Burnout produces negative effects on academic performance, and, in turn, feelings of inefficiency that are detrimental to students' psychosocial well-being. The aim of this research is to determine the effects that self-compassion and compassion toward others have on various burnout dimensions in a sample of medical students. A total of 235 medical students (61.7% women) aged between 16 and 32 years old (M = 19.82; SD = 2.37) belonging to a Colombian university participated. A cluster analysis to segment the population according to burnout was carried out along with nonparametric contrasts to identify differences in the levels of self-compassion and compassion toward others between each profile. A series of regression analyses was designed to find out how each type of compassion was associated with burnout on each profile. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify three profiles. The low-involvement profile (n = 51) is characterized by low depersonalization, intermediate levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment and exhibits low levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The positive-adaptation profile (n = 104) is characterized by low depersonalization levels, intermediate degrees of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits the highest levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The high-demand profile (n = 104) is characterized by intermediate depersonalization levels, medium–high levels of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits intermediate levels of self-compassion and low levels of compassion fatigue. Establishing profiles based on burnout allows students to be segmented and for precise knowledge to be acquired about the effects that both types of compassion have on the dimensions of burnout.
The emotion of gratitude as a mediator between subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, and satisfaction with life in Spanish adults
(Universidad de Murcia, 2024) Scurtu, María Claudia; Fernández Espinosa, Verónica; Obispo Díaz, Belén; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
This study aims to examine the predictability of satisfaction with life on the basis of subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, psychological disturbance and emotion of gratitude. It also seeks to assess whether the emotion of gratitude is a mediating variable with subjective happiness, affect, and satisfaction with life. Statistical analyses of Pearson'scorrelation, multiple linear regression tests, and mediation models were conducted on a sample of 1537 Spanish adults, 73.6% were females, 26.4% males, age between 18-88 years old (M = 42.56; SD = 16.29). The emotions of gratitude were found to mediate the relationship between subjective happiness and satisfaction with life and between positive affect and satisfaction with life. Of the variables studied, positive affect is the most related to satisfaction with life, followed by subjective happiness and emotions of gratitude. Male participants are more satisfied with life when they feel the less negative affect. Regarding mediation models, emotions of gratitude mediate the relationship between subjective happiness and satisfaction with life and between positive affect and satisfaction with life. The main difference is that emotions of gratitude are stronger in females than in males.
Association between formal social participation and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal study using SHARE data
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Cunha, Cláudia; Rodrigues, Paula Maria Fernandes; Voss, Gina da Silva; Martínez Pecino, Roberto; Delerue Matos, Alice; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal; Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation; Ministerio de la Ciencia, Tecnología y Enseñanza Superior (MCTES). Portugal; European Commission. Fondo Social Europeo (FSO)
Formal social participation has emerged as a modifiable social determinant of health and well-being, with evidence suggesting its potential to mitigate the risk of cognitive decline. However, not all studies have consistently found this connection. Furthermore, many investigations assessing the relationship between formal social participation and cognition consider participation levels only at baseline. The potential age-related differences in the association between formal social participation and cognition have only been addressed among the Asian population. Therefore, the primary aim of this longitudinal study is to assess the association between formal social participation and cognitive function across different age groups in individuals aged 50+ living in Europe and Israel while capturing the dynamic nature of formal social participation. We use data from three waves (four, six, and eight) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Our sample includes 85,601 respondents aged 50 years and older at the time of the interview. Linear mixed-effects models were applied. The results show that middle-aged and older adults participating in formal social activities have less pronounced cognitive decline than their peers. More specifically, we found that engaging in formal social activities is important for all age groups, with particular benefits observed among individuals aged 70 to 79 and 80 years and above. These findings support the need for social policies that promote participation in formal social activities, as this has long-term benefits for cognitive health.
Students’ Assertiveness and Empathy Social Skills and Gender at the University of Seville
(MDPI, 2024) Claudel, Alicia; García González, Alfonso Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
The social skills of assertiveness and empathy are valuable and useful in our daily lives, influencing the quality of our interactions and relationships. This fact underscores the need for research that examines the various factors influencing these constructs. The present study addressed gender disparities in the social skills of assertiveness and empathy in a sample of students from the University of Seville. Its objectives were to identify the gender differences in the social skills of assertiveness and empathy in university students and identify the obstacles gender posed to assertiveness and empathy. For this purpose, an exploratory study was conducted with 116 students, 56% women and 44% men. A Google questionnaire was used to collect various sociodemographic variables, and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (Ras, 1973), the Spanish adaptation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980), and a questionnaire concerning students’ beliefs (Colás-Bravo y Villaciervos-Moreno, 2007) were applied. The results yielded no gender differences in the development of students’ levels of assertiveness and empathy. However, when analyzing the external factors, “socioeconomic level” and “religion” stood out. The findings of this work have relevant implications for the promotion of gender equality and the formation of public policies. Studies in this field should be extended to different educational contexts.
A social norms campaign based positive intervention aimed at promoting protective behaviours
(Frontiers Media, 2024) Cuadrado, Esther; Arenas Moreno, Alicia; Tabernero Urbieta, Carmen; Maldonado Herves, Miguel Ángel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social
Introduction: Social norms campaigns are communication strategies designed to influence people’s behaviour by highlighting the social norms of their reference group. Such campaigns have been shown to be effective in promoting healthy behaviours in a variety of settings. This study explored the effectiveness of a social norms campaign applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours among university students during the pandemic. Methods: A total of 141 university students (83.1% female, 16.9% male) with a mean age of 21.55 years (SD = 4.33) initially took part in an experimental pre-test-post-test longitudinal panel study between January and July 2022, with participants randomly assigned to a control group (46 participants) or an experimental group (95 participants). Considering the experimental attrition, only 83 participants completed the last questionnaire (81.9% female, 18.1% male; mean age = 22.12 years, SD = 5.29), of whom 32 belonged to the control group and 51 to the experimental group. Results: The Student’s t-test show that participants in the experimental group, who were exposed to the campaign, reported higher levels of self-efficacy, protective behavioural intention, and protective behaviours than the control group. Discussion: It is concluded that social norms campaigns applied to COVID-19 protective behaviours are effective in times of pandemic and might be extrapolated to other epidemic contexts. Copyright © 2024 Cuadrado, Arenas, Tabernero and Maldonado.

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