Congreso Internacional de Construcción Sostenible y Soluciones Ecoeficientes (2º. 2015. Sevilla) [0]

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/33270

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Life outside the walls: The spanish liveability of its public spaces
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Sun, Shibo; Franco Gueraldi, Amanda Cristina; Higueras, Ester; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The paper analyzes the importance of public spaces as structuring element of sociability and organization of the territory in Spanish cities. Taking as a case study a path and a plaza in the city of Madrid, it aims to explore how these different typologies and scales of public space influence the spatial organization, the mobility and the sociability of these cities. To perform the analysis of these spaces were explored the concepts of imageability, liveability and local management, through the methodologies developed respectively by Lynch (1960), Gehl (2013) and Carmona (2008). The paper looks to comprehend how each typology of public space contributes with local dynamics, and which are the characteristics that should be more studied in order to achieve dynamics public spaces in the city.
Sustainability indicators of the spanish municipalites: A methodological proposal to view of its evolution between 2002-2015
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Vargas Yáñez, Antonio; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The use of indicators is usual in many fields of knowledge as a tool for assessment of the phenomena under study. In the field of sustainability, they already appear in works as Blueprint for Survival or Our Common Future, when the real possibilities of the planet are intended. But, it is not until the Declaration of Rio and the subsequent Conference of Aalborg in the European context, when the idea of assessing the European cities through a set of specific indicators takes place. This communication assesses the state of the art of the municipal sustainability indicators from a triple approach. First, deals with the concept of indicators according to works of Hernández Aja, the Observatory of Sustainability in Spain, Antequera and Carrera, Salvador Rueda, Zavadskas and Ester Higueras, and proposed a classification based on the proposal of the last author. Then described how the initial vagueness of the concept of sustainability that recognize Hernández Aja o Naredo work has been overcome with the adoption of the different municipal catalogues of indicators of sustainability. Finally, there is the evolution experienced by these indicators in Spain by the analysis of the Juan de Herrera Institute study on indicators of sustainability in the Spanish municipalities published in 2003, and the proposals for indicators of urban environment of Andalucía and other autonomous communities, the European Environment Agency, the United Nations Urban Settlements programme, UN-HABITAT. From the national level, it has been taken the necessary references to the proposals of the Network of Networks of Local Sustainable Development, the National Institute of Statistic and the Observatory of Sustainability in Spain. And at the local level, the proposals of the municipalities of Málaga, Sevilla and Victoria-Gasteiz. As a final conclusion, a methodological proposal is set to respond to the need to assess the different European, national and autonomic strategies of sustainability through the definition of a group catalogues of municipal sustainability indicators.
Integration of sustainable urban drainage systems into the design of neighbourhoods as a water rehabilitation action
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Reyes Vilariño, Marta; Calama Rodríguez, José María; Martín del Río, Juan Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP211: Construcción Patrimonial; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
The design of urban systems that allow the introduction of techniques for the recycling and drainage of rainwater represents a new aspect for the development of urban planning with sustainability criteria, since its main objectives include: the optimisation of the use of water as a resource in cities, the minimisation of the impacts on the natural cycle of water, and the protection of the ecosystem upon which it depends. Our proposal is based on the so-called water-sensitive urban rehabilitation’, and involves planning a management system that can be applied to the rehabilitation of neighbourhoods or urban units, built on a new design of urban elements. In the present paper, a model of analysis is proposed of the urban area of intervention in order to be able to perform the water diagnosis and to develop the water rehabilitation plan. This data forms the basis for the selection of systems that enable the characterisation of rainwater collected in the urban unit under study: that coming from the roofs of buildings and from roads and open urban spaces. With this information, we can choose those sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) that are the most appropriate for the urban area studied, in order to enable a housing project to be carried out that allows the rehabilitation of water in the neighbourhood or in the urban area with sustainability criteria. It should be emphasised that, when choosing an urban unit or neighbourhood as a basis for our proposal, apart from providing a more detailed analysis of sustainability criteria for the accomplishment of the project, it allows us to suggest actions that strengthen the assimilation of social and cultural elements of the neighbourhood. In this respect, we conclude the communication with the development of a project of water rehabilitation for an area selected in the neighbourhood of Los Bermejales, Seville, as an experimental model.
Sustainable architecture and traditional rural environment: Moratalla (Murcia, Spain)
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) López Sánchez, Pascual A.; Sánchez Medrano, Francisco J.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
This paper attempts to demonstrate the relationship between sustainability and vernacular architecture, being focused on a specific research carried out in the old part of Moratalla, a town in Murcia (Spain).This study has been possible thanks to the collection of 265 field records with in situ data so that quality and quantity can be measured. All these are distinctive parameters of vernacular architecture of the centre in the Middle Ages, what teaches us an important lesson of how traditional construction is environmentally friendly and sustainable, thus leading to more practical bioclimatic architecture. The current study relies on an agreement between the Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM) and the town council of the aforementioned town (Moratalla), what gives an idea of its importance. Some recommendations have been included at the end of the paper to be taken into account by municipal legislation so that our building heritage can be preserved and maintained.
Anthropic impact mitigation throught design strategies: Interdunal wetlands systems associated to the coast case studies
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) López Ortiz, J.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The lack of knowledge of the complexity from the natural systems within the city generates an irregular urban development because the cities grow without a coherent planning; those issues develop problems like the ecological fragmentation, the social and cultural decomposition, because these problems are being analyzed as an isolated element, without noticing the relation between them. Architecture needs to rethinks the role it plays in the environment in order to find a way to equilibrate the natural stage with the artificial environment, making people a crucial player in this process. The main objective of this research is to develop architectural design strategies that promotes understanding of the complexity of the interdunal lagoon system associated with the coast, as an starting point to mitigate the anthropic impact that the fragmentation press in this and other natural systems, so we can make a way to generate habitability and a community responsibility. The main components of the Interdunal lagoon system are wetlands, these are surrounded by sand dunes, those are connected with the coastal zone, this system is involved with many biological cycles, and they are important to give natural services and resources to populations, humanity is one of them, to make life affordable in the Sotavento zone, in the state of Veracruz, México. In the city of Veracruz, where the ecosystems have been pressing because of the anthropic impact, we propose the development of a case study in a place where the urban area is pressing an uncatalogued ecological patch, from the landscaping design perspective. In this case and other ones that are being developing, we propose design elements to establish strategies that will serve as an starting point to mitigate the damage that this absence of knowledge of our environment has made, offering alternatives that allow the development of infrastructure without risking the life of the ecosystems and the community.
Integrated rehabilitation of the housing from the 1950s. The case of the neighborhood of Carranque (Malaga)
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Navas Carrillo, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM700: Patrimonio y Desarrollo Urbano Territorial en Andalucia
The neighborhood of Carranque was built in the 1950s under the precepts of the dictatorial model. In recent decades, it has suffered a continuous decline showing a completely degraded and especially decontextualized image from the XXI century city. From the specific intervention project of this area of the city of Malaga, it makes a methodological to determine what should be the model for intervention in consolidated residential park, transcending the exclusivity of physical issues, to address the multiple dimensions involved is performed built in obsolescence park that is inherited. This research article focuses on "the integrated urban regeneration" as a reflection about the intervention models in the consolidated residential areas. This goes beyond the exclusivity of the construction systems, studying the multiple dimensions involved in the obsolescence of many of our neighborhoods. These buildings have conservation problems come from serious structural problems. These ones result from deficiencies in the current extremely poor foundation and construction solutions. Measures to improve the façade and roof, or the replacement of the windows are required due to the low energy efficiency measures required. But the ineffectiveness goes further. Housing models respond to the ideals of the 20th century Spanish dictatorial regime, away from the XXI century lifestyles. Consequently, it is essential that the intervention must be able to resolve all these issues at the same time. Thus, the proposed rehabilitation of the foundation will require stabilize the load-bearing facade during the intervention at the same time. This leads us to think of using this fact and propose a fixed stabilization structure to solve the rest of the found pathologies: related to the structure, construction systems, accessibility, functional distribution, or energy. In line with the above, the consolidation structure will support customizable modules that will assume duties like the family extension, the host of elderly, the pseudo-emancipation of young, the return of children or the division of spaces. In this way, the buildings will adjust to each occupant needs. It attempts to answer to the hyperactive vibrating jelly, defined by Peter Sloterdijk, and which includes a society with disparate modes of life, away from the imposed lifestyle prototype. To sum up, it is a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy that tries to resolve all the pathologies found (energy, construction, structural, accessibility, housing flexibility ...) in a global way to ensure the higher efficiency of this proposal.
Reflections on the issue of decent housing
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Sierra Hernández, Manuel José; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Article 47 of the Spanish Constitution states: "All Spaniards are entitled to enjoy decent and adequate housing". However, the answer to "what is the meaning of decent housing?" cannot be found anywhere. If we considered the Technical Building Code (CTE), it might be said that a decent and adequate home is the one which accomplishes the CTE aims. Nevertheless, according to popular beliefs, there are other ideas implied within the given concept: home ownership or somewhere to become rooted with. That is to say, a home for one's whole life, a solid and permanent construction with some preferences towards certain materials (such as brick or concrete). Regarding urbanism, other considerations such as location, proximity to transport networks, workplaces, hospitals, schools or CBDs can be found as well. By contrast, if this issue is contemplated from a sustainable perspective, these mental structures and cultural behaviours can be counterproductive. That is because there are certain points that would be desirable, such as pursuing a sustainable urban planning or promoting a greater mobility to find a job among population. Within this context, the aim of this article is not to offer a solution (which should be agreed among the differents social agents) but to encourage a debate about the current social housing model and to reflect about different alternatives. Furthermore, a possible anwer for this debate would be the following: the necessity of distinguishing between a dwelling as a property, as a product to be bought and sold; and the minimum social housing unit seen as a need for society. This minimum housing unit would be incompatible with the property of the residence or land. In addition, the formulation of this housing model could be based on a type of dwelling that would be ephemeral, removable, recyclable, bio-climatic, transportable, and that would be located on a piece of land specially intended for it. Finally, a model of housing whose spirit would respond to the consideration that everybody, rather than owning a dwelling, can trust that they will be supplied with a home that meets their requirements for habitability, location and mobility whenever and wherever they will need it.
Characterization of urban patterns at the neighbourhood scale as an energy parameter. Case study: Castellón de la Plana
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Braulio Gonzalo, Marta; Ruá Aguilar, M.J.; Bovea Edo, Mª Dolores; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
According to the World Organization Prospects 2014 Revision (United Nations), the population in European cities has reached 73%, and 80% is forecast in forthcoming decades. Therefore, urban areas are large consumers of resources. Integrated Urban Regeneration (IUR) is implementing strategies to achieve a smart, sustainable and socially inclusive (Declaration of Toledo, 2010) urban development since the challenge is greater in existing urban environments, where it is not possible to act in the design phases. Therefore, an analysis of the characteristics of urban planning and building types that make up a city and its neighbourhoods is required to identify those typologies with energy vulnerability prior to implementing IUR. This paper focuses on the energy factor as one of the items to consider in IUR. This will be useful in the decision making that determines which urban areas require more urgent intervention. The urban morphology of a Mediterranean medium-sized city is characterized herein: Castellón de Plana (180,690 inhabitants, according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) 2010). Firstly, this city’s historical urban development is analysed to determine different urban areas. Then existing building types are identified. Finally, these types are associated with the urban design and the results are represented by a Geographic Information System (GIS). The study results provide a number of urban morphology types with different layouts which represent the Mediterranean city, as well as the building typologies represented in each urban typology. Each presented set is likely to have different energy performance, and the findings can be extrapolated to other Mediterranean cities with similar characteristics to the city studied herein. The collected information will be useful for further research to analyse the energy performance of the existing building stock in the city by taking into account the building type integrated into a consolidated urban design
Influence of daylight in urban design as a tool towards a more sustainable city
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Fernández Expósito, Manuel; Moreno-Rangel, David; Esquivias Fernández, Paula Matilde; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acustica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
Issues of sunlight and daylighting condition for design of the buildings has had little research and few practical applications among other things, because of the absence of national or local minimum requirements. If we focus on the urban scale, awareness and the number of papers addressing this subject is almost inexistent. Among the principles of bioclimatic urban, some authors like José Fariña Tojo or José Manuel Naredo determine planning criteria which can be drawn basics that directly affect the urban design. First, it is essential structural roads that respond to sunlight requirements for getting optimal orientations for the maximum utilization of natural light both for the street and for buildings annexed. Besides, this road has to incorporate an appropriate vegetation to the requirements of humidity and environmental evaporation (trying to minimize thermal loads), getting all together, a urban morphology with well oriented facades and an appropriate proportion of courtyards. The paper will analyze how most relevant urban parameters influence the sunlight inside the building, assessing this influence from the point of view of sustainability. We consider parameters of traditional urban, such as height, width of the street or orientation, such as vegetation and pavement or materiality of the facades. As a case study, we chose a city with warm weather and between 30-40 ° latitude as Sevilla. As an example, we study a street that belong to morphology expansion district. In conclusion, we will carry out an evaluation of the degree of influence each parameter has to improve daylighting conditions inside the building, trying to determine which ratio width and high of a street is the most optimal to achieve optimum use of daylight and therefore greater energy savings.
Urban canopy shading: opportunities to reduce cooling requirements
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) García Nevado, E.; Coch Roura, H.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
As a result of the current economic and energy crisis, it has become necessary to rethink urban planning, starting from a global concept of efficiency and considering buildings not as isolated entities, but as part of an urban system, which consumes energy on a much larger scale. The connection between urban morphology and microclimate is a widely discussed question, including issues like the urban heat island phenomenon or outdoor comfort in open spaces. However, there is still a lot of work to be done regarding the influence of these microclimatic variations on building energy consumption. In that sense, would it be possible to apply efficient measures of microclimate modification on an urban scale to increase comfort levels in public spaces while at the same time, reducing building consumption? This paper focuses on urban canopy shading. Its effectiveness as a shading device and its capability to improve outdoor climate in areas with an excess of solar radiation is widely demonstrated. In this case, its effect on indoor climate of is evaluated. The case study is located in Cordoba (Spain), as an example of a climate with a hot and dry summer (according to CTE, level 4). A complete street canyon model has been created. Two buildings, one on each side of the street canyon, have been tested using an energy simulation software (Design Builder). Model features and simulation settings correspond to real values. Urban canopy shading effectiveness has been analyzed according to cooling demand decrease, taking into account both buildings. Spatial factors (street orientation, width-height ratio, windows-opaque ratio) and material factors (U-values and skin mass, % obstruction) have been considered. Results show 18% to 45% cooling demand decrease due to the canopy shading. Spatial factors are much more relevant than material factors: windows-opaque ratio is a determining factor, in contrast to mass and U-values. This study shows the importance of evaluating both urban facades, which means working from an urban perspective beyond the local scale of a single building.
Ecological footprint in indirect cost of construction
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Freire Guerrero, Antonio; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
For the environmental analysis is employed the ecological footprint indicator, which is defined as "the area of ecologically productive land (crops, pastures, forests and aquatic ecosystems) needed to produce the resources used and to assimilate the wastes produced by a given population with a level of specific life indefinitely”. In our case this environmental indicator is applied to indirect costs of the building project, allowing calculate the footprint generated by different sources of impact (energy, water, food consumption, mobility and waste). In the budgets of building costs that are attributable directly (direct costs) and indirectly (indirect costs) are identified. These latter costs are all elements that can’t be attributed to a particular unit of work because they are tasks that serve multiple elements simultaneously within the work. A clear example of this type of cost is the foreman (as it acts in the various phases of the work during the performance of all jobs) or crane (which shall work of moving materials, hoisting loads, unloading products from vehicles, etc.). These costs are not usually included in the environmental analysis because they are difficult to quantify. In this analysis the following impacts are taken into account (analyzing and focusing them so that the results can be quantified by this environmental indicator): labor, aids and equipment, installations and works booths, and consumption of energy and water on site. It draws on the Andalusia Construction Costs Database (ACCD), thus adding an environmental party to this baseline, which will produce the ecological footprint produced by these costs along with your budgeting.
Growth of vegetation on mining jales to recover green areas of polluted communal open spaces
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Contreras López, Christopher; López de Juambelz, Rocío; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Some mining cities in Mexico have recently undergone a rapid demographic expansion which has led to its urban spots expand to places where there are deposits of mining waste (jales) and occupy these places for human settlement. This causes, among many problems, this type of soils causes dust storms of toxic dust particles to health, vegetation does not develop due to the soils because the structure is not suitable due to the lack of organic material, the compactness of soils preclude roots develop, in addition to the physical and chemical characteristics of soil present heavy metals that affect plant growth. These causes, the green areas of the communal open spaces provided in this settlement, are abandoned because they only can be built without vegetation or non-permeable materials that ward off water seepage to the mining jales. The vegetation in the communal open spaces on these settlements prevents dust storms and improves soil characteristics by re-vegetation processes, so the main objective is obtained by factorial bioassays of plants against the concentration of jal, a palette of plant species capable of growing on deposits of jales to mitigate their harmful effects. The experiment species are Carpobrotus edulis and Sedum Praealtum. These bioassays allow evaluate the plant species against four soil mixtures. One of these with polluted soil another with natural soil as a control and two more with mixed soils in different percentage to improve the quality of polluted soil. Each mixture was compared to establish which species could be adapted to the jal soils and what kind of mixed soils is the fittest to develop plant species. The first results show that even though the plant species present some morphological changes, these plants are able to establish themselves in substrates polluted. Therefore this type of vegetation can begin recovery the green areas of forgotten communal open spaces, plus get habitability and give dignity to these places.
Energy efficiency and sustanibility on building through "intelligent" proccess
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Vascas Martín, J.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The construction industry has recently developed new technologies to tackle the increasing complexity of today’s building facilities and systems. Therefore, the term “Intelligent Building” is becoming more often used to identify constructions that are able to integrate simultaneously coexisting systems and subsystems in a building. In addition we start using the term “Smart Building” implying further steps of system integration and interaction. Analysing this subject in detail, there still actually remains the so-called automation isles, as well as to apply extensively the concept of intelligent processing This communication intends to analyse the state of art of the Intelligent Building concept and how the term “intelligent processing” could be applied in order to search a high-level of energy efficiency and sustainability.
Ecoinvolucrate in 5Rs. An answer of the architecture and the construction of ecuador for the improvement of environment
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Pérez Pérez, Marina; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
ECOINVOLUCRATE EN 5Rs is carried on at the Research Center of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of Cuenca, in the framework of the PROMETEO Project of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science Technology and Innovation of Ecuador. Ecuador shows a construction boom with a strong economic nature and intensity, this benefits the financial sector as well as becomes the breeding ground for timely structuring the construction industry and its professionals. Opportunity to structure the management of an elemental area of Sustainable Development. It started as an answered to the lacks of an integral program aimed at developing common strategies, in which professional activities involving: Sustainable Development, Bioclimatic Architecture and Energy Efficiency, in the training and practice of professional architects and construction of Ecuador. The main objective is to involve key stakeholders in the Architecture and Construction in Sustainable Corporate Culture, promoting economic, social and environmental corporate responsibility, through the implementation of environmental management systems, protecting and improving the environment. Includes spreading, research, training and business management, in three lines of action. Structured around: Divulgativo Proyect structured with surveys and Technical Conferences; Formativo_E3 Project prior to an investigation in which sustainable criteria identified in architecture, vernacular and current construction of Ecuador, with a parallelism of the objectives that countries with high energy dependence and strategies that professional architectural and construction of Ecuador used innately, training courses to working professionals are enriched; and Resolutivo - Empresarial Project encouraging companies involved in energy dependence development policies, ecological management system designed expressly with the economic parameters of their activity, with which the company is involved in the fight against climate change climate with a Best Practices Guide in 5Rs. ECOINVOLÚCRATE IN 5Rs is a cross action between education, practice and public policy action in the fight against climate change, and the insertion of Ecuador to the international market.
Life-cycle assessment and prefabrication, valuation of the envirnmental performance un differemnt iindustralized systems in the building sector
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Lizana Moral, Francisco Jesús; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Vilches Such, Alberto Javier; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Molina Huelva, Marta; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construuciones Arquitectónicas I; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de edificación e ingirnería del terreno; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP954: Investigation Factory
The Building Sector has been traditionally established in craft production in both the manufacture of construction products and elements, and construction works. Thus it is required a correct arrangement between the different systems to achieve a correct implementation, higher comfort and habitability, and price and environmental impacts reductions. As opposed to this, the prefabrication and industrial systems contribute to a construction process that involves reducing the amount of resources used, the increase of lifetime due to better quality control, reduction of waste, and reduction of indirect costs of works due to its higher velocity of execution. However, to close the cycle of materials is necessary that the prefabrication system allows the reuse of the components. To do this, design, dimensional coordination and an exhaustive constructive definition of the elements and joints in their execution must reach the previous dedication and the main role necessary to avoid incoherencies and continuous faults that cause back and forth process on work. A complete dry construction allows the assembly and disassembly of reusable elements. To achieve this, the previous control phase of work should be studied and adjusted to the smallest detail. Moreover, it is necessary to redesign the prefabricated elements so that recycling should be simple and the separation of the groups of materials does not hinder the end of its useful life. Given this, the experience in different prefabrication projects with professionals and companies, in the development and definition of constructive elements, allow us to expose a framework of requirements, needs and limitations to be considered in any prefabrication project. In the present communication, it will be shown the premises and design strategies in building prefabricated developed by considering the overall management of the life-cycle in the building. It will be determined what systems and prefabrication processes and industrialization have greater environmental benefit. This will establish the keys of starting points that allow technicians the efficient and sustainable use of those systems.
Conservation of materials resources by buildings reuse and on site materials reuse strategies
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Amoêda, R.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Rethinking buildings and construction activities is a fundamental step towards sustainable construction. Being one of the most materials consumers, changes to current practices in the construction industry are crucial in order to effectively reduce primary resources exploitation, as also to reduce the environmental impacts associated with it. End of life of buildings are opportunities to close the materials loop, by means of building renewal and recovery of components and materials. In this context, building reuse and on site materials reuse have shown to be the most preferable end of life scenarios when compared with off site reuse, recycling, energy recovery and landfill disposal. Moving from demolition to deconstruction is one of the changes that are supposed to happen. Another is to change the materials selection procedures in order to consider also reused materials as a valid option in architectural process. Therefore, surveys to assess reuse potential are needed prior to architectural design in order to look for reuse opportunities and reuse constrains both at the building level and materials level. Such opportunities and constrains comprise building adaptability, building conservation state, mechanical and aesthetic performance of materials, feasibility of components and materials recovery. However, existing buildings were not built to be deconstructed and materials recovery is a labor intensive task, facing obstacles as non reversible connections which usually destroy materials integrity. A case study for building reuse and on site materials reuse is here analised in order to illustrate the theoretical principles and goals that drive the reuse approach, highlighting the environmental benefits by keeping Embodied Energy and thus reducing the Global Warming Potential related to construction activities
"Cons" at the moment of introducing new eco-efficient technologies to build a detached house. Case Study: A house in Palomares del Rio (Seville)
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Moreno-Rangel, David; Fernández Expósito, Manuel; Esquivias Fernández, Paula Matilde; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. 1Grupo TEP 130: “Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
The need for construction and restoration of buildings within an ecological and sustainable manner is highlighted in this increasingly aware global world; so it is very easy to fail thinking on how simple it could be to execute certain eco-efficient constructive proposal in any project, no matter its size. Despite having previous experiences in construction of several prefabricated buildings (fire stations, offices, schools), and participating in some important research projects on studying new eco-efficient constructive proposals for dwellings, as the Patio 2.12 project for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012, that was the mistake our team failed into when we decided to incorporate a new more efficient constructive system in a private promoted detached house project. This works shows, by means of a real and built example, that kind of things that is not usually told in a congress or an article: all those problems found during the incorporation process which have to be controlled to improve the viability of any building project which pretends to apply new solutions. In this case, the problem was to move from a traditional detached house project based on a system of structural walls with 3cm of insulation, plastered and painted, floor slabs with beams and concrete slabs, balustrades and small windows, pitched roofs... (private promoter’s first idea) to a contemporary house project based on a Steel Frame system with 14cm of insulation, and multiple eco-efficient architectural strategies, with mezzanine floor, double height and large windows(final project) ... at the same price and lesser execution time. All those problems our team had to face and the different constructive proposals and professional decisions we reached out during the different phases of this project, from first stages to the end of the building process, to obtain at the same price a detached house executed in less time and with more material and environmental quality than a traditional one through the incorporation of eco-efficient proposals are shown in this paper by adding real budgets, time programs, comparative studies, sketches, drawings and photographs. In spite of the economical crisis, this house has risen 50% in value.
Prefabricated modular straw walls and panels for houses building and building renovation
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) López Altuna, Alejandro; Iborra Lucas, Milagro; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Straw is compressed with low technology tools into bales, with a density of more than 90 kg/m3 and acquires special properties as a building material by its compactness and insulating capacity. In the last 4 years have tripled buildings made with straw bale in Europe, from over 2000 in 2010 to over 6000 today (FASBA 2013). In countries as Austria and Germany, the use of this material is regulated in technical building codes. Contemporary buildings with straw comply effectively energy efficiency standards such as passivhaus. Cereal straw as an agro-fiber has been discovered in recent years either by the industry of biopolymers as by the building industry. Until now it had given prominence to biofibres from flax, jute, hemp or cotton, however for the use of these materials are necessary plantations and specific controls, while cereal straw is resulted from the agricultural residues sector. Cereal cultivation worldwide covers 697,678.673 hectares (World Bank Group, 2013), the most of them are rice and wheat, each ton of grain produces 1.5 t of straw, because the high silicates content, straw cannot be used for animal feed, therefore must be destroyed each year, causing environmental disasters for instance through incineration. With the research and development of building with straw, there are several proposals for serial production of prefabricated elements; ecococon.lt, eco-fab.co.uk, modcell.com, pailletech.be, strawbalehouse.co.uk, systemhausbau.at, strohTec (baubiologie.at), etc. A team of students from the School of Building Engineering of the Valencia Technological University and the natural building company okambuva.coop have developed modules made from straw bales and wooden structures, which are being applied successfully in building of houses. An important aspect, along the performance of this material is the possible activation of the local economy through social and ecological solutions, thanks the use of local resources with low investment technologies.
Ecological footprint in of dwelling construction in Mexico
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Larralde, Lucía; González-Vallejo, Patricia; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
In present day, Mexico has a very important urban development. In a near future buildings will become more important than what they are now. There will be more demand of urban land as it becomes scarcer, and also as the environmental impacts intensify. Currently, Mexico does not have a national certification program for sustainability of buildings of any kind. The present work evaluates impacts associated with construction using the Ecological Footprint indicator, by means of a tool developed by ARDITEC Research Group for the residential sector in Spain. It contributes to the standardization of methodology and code of home construction so it could be evaluated in different countries. In order to analyze dwelling construction in Mexico, especially in the residential sector, a typology and project should be defined. The Ecological Footprint is based on the project bill of quantities and afterwards a breakdown of information of materials, labor and machinery is given. The Mexican dwelling, although it has simple construction solutions, has bigger footprint per square meter because the Mexican dwelling is 50% smaller than the Spanish and elements with much energy (facilities, kitchen, bathroom, etc.) have more impact, and also the Mexican construction has biggest intensity of labor.
Energy retrofitting in relation to degree of improvement: An evaluation of simulation versus the reality of housing in Chile.
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Soto Muñoz, J.; Pérez Fargallo, Alexis; García, R.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Homes are one of the major energy consumers and generate significant environmental impact in Chile and globally. The improvement of existing buildings or new projects is a procedure based on multidimensional simulations and the energy evaluation of housing. However, there is a lack of strategies to identify appropriate modifications. Normally, the original situation is compared with an improved scenario according to general estimates, but without analyzing the most effective alternatives, building process, economic projections or acceptability for the occupants. Based on the study of a dozen, representative dwellings in south-central Chile, in which construction records, computer models, environmental monitoring, and occupancy patterns were compared, this work presents a methodology for the effective analysis of residential environmental improvement. Considering a selection of relevant existing or projected conditions, energy simulation was carried out according to consolidated background information, and alternatives were identified according to a catalog of suitable building solutions for each type of housing studied. Thus, performance results were analyzed using a methodology known as Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) for the financial analysis of the simulated alternatives in order to determine the most effective action packages. In this way, construction proposals were created, applied through computer simulations and implemented in reality. The purpose of this work is to compare the values of energy savings produced by improvements obtained with energy efficiency analysis programs, with the results of building monitoring.

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