Congreso Internacional de Construcción Sostenible y Soluciones Ecoeficientes (2º. 2015. Sevilla) [0]

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/33270

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Analysis of the variables that affect the strength of concrete with recycled aggregates from prefabricated pipes
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Terela, Ester; Letelier, Viviana; Osses, Rodriguez; Cárdenas, Juan Pablo; Moriconi, Giacomo
The influence of several parameters in the compressive and flexural strength of concrete with recycled aggregates is analyzed. The concretes are dosed for a compressive strength of 30MPa. The recycled aggregates are obtained from debris of prefabricated concrete pipes with a compressive strength of 20MPa. Four variables are considered in this analysis: the percentage of natural course aggregates that are replaced by recycled ones; the amount of mortar adhered to the surface of the aggregates, that will be reduced applying mechanical abrasion processes instead of the chemical traditional ones; the maximum size of the replaced aggregates and the percentage of cement addition specified in the dosing. Taguchi’s statistical method is used considering three levels for each of the four parameters to determine their effects on the material behavior, minimizing the number of the experimental tests required. The tests are performed after curing the samples during 28 and 90 days. The three levels for each parameter are stablished after former studies and/or previous experimental tests. The results are quantified through the analysis of variance methodology (ANOVA), to determine which of the variables has higher effects in the final strengths. The results show that materials with equivalent compressive strengths to those of a control concrete can be obtained restricting the percentage of replaced aggregates to 30% and reducing the amount of adhered mortar through abrasion processes, when the samples have been cured for 28 days. The effect of the size of the recycled aggregates gains significance after 90 days of curing, while the amount of cement addition controls the flexural strength. These results indicate that materials with equivalent mechanical properties to those of a control concrete can be obtained by controlling several parameters, allowing the reuse of debris and reducing the amount of natural course aggregates needed significantly.
Analysis of the variables that affect the strength of concrete with recycled aggregates from prefabricated pipes.
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Tarela, Ester; Letelier, Viviana; Osses, Rodriguez; Cárdenas, Juan Pablo; Moriconi, Giacomo
The influence of several parameters in the compressive and flexural strength of concrete with recycled aggregates is analyzed. The concretes are dosed for a compressive strength of 30MPa. The recycled aggregates are obtained from debris of prefabricated concrete pipes with a compressive strength of 20MPa. Four variables are considered in this analysis: the percentage of natural course aggregates that are replaced by recycled ones; the amount of mortar adhered to the surface of the aggregates, that will be reduced applying mechanical abrasion processes instead of the chemical traditional ones; the maximum size of the replaced aggregates and the percentage of cement addition specified in the dosing. Taguchi’s statistical method is used considering three levels for each of the four parameters to determine their effects on the material behavior, minimizing the number of the experimental tests required. The tests are performed after curing the samples during 28 and 90 days. The three levels for each parameter are stablished after former studies and/or previous experimental tests. The results are quantified through the analysis of variance methodology (ANOVA), to determine which of the variables has higher effects in the final strengths. The results show that materials with equivalent compressive strengths to those of a control concrete can be obtained restricting the percentage of replaced aggregates to 30% and reducing the amount of adhered mortar through abrasion processes, when the samples have been cured for 28 days. The effect of the size of the recycled aggregates gains significance after 90 days of curing, while the amount of cement addition controls the flexural strength. These results indicate that materials with equivalent mechanical properties to those of a control concrete can be obtained by controlling several parameters, allowing the reuse of debris and reducing the amount of natural course aggregates needed significantly.
Anthropic impact mitigation throught design strategies: Interdunal wetlands systems associated to the coast case studies
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) López Ortiz, J.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The lack of knowledge of the complexity from the natural systems within the city generates an irregular urban development because the cities grow without a coherent planning; those issues develop problems like the ecological fragmentation, the social and cultural decomposition, because these problems are being analyzed as an isolated element, without noticing the relation between them. Architecture needs to rethinks the role it plays in the environment in order to find a way to equilibrate the natural stage with the artificial environment, making people a crucial player in this process. The main objective of this research is to develop architectural design strategies that promotes understanding of the complexity of the interdunal lagoon system associated with the coast, as an starting point to mitigate the anthropic impact that the fragmentation press in this and other natural systems, so we can make a way to generate habitability and a community responsibility. The main components of the Interdunal lagoon system are wetlands, these are surrounded by sand dunes, those are connected with the coastal zone, this system is involved with many biological cycles, and they are important to give natural services and resources to populations, humanity is one of them, to make life affordable in the Sotavento zone, in the state of Veracruz, México. In the city of Veracruz, where the ecosystems have been pressing because of the anthropic impact, we propose the development of a case study in a place where the urban area is pressing an uncatalogued ecological patch, from the landscaping design perspective. In this case and other ones that are being developing, we propose design elements to establish strategies that will serve as an starting point to mitigate the damage that this absence of knowledge of our environment has made, offering alternatives that allow the development of infrastructure without risking the life of the ecosystems and the community.
Application of sustainability criteria in urban multifamily medium scale: report of two cases in Buenos Aires, Argentina
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Mühlmann, Susana; Kozak, Daniel; Yajnes, Marta Edith; Caruso, Susana Inés
This paper presents two case studies of urban middle scale buildings destined to multifamily housing, in which the primary objective taken was the envelope design and selection of materials according to criteria of energy efficiency and sustainability in general. Both were the result of a collaboration between an independent architecture office and research centers of the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the University of Buenos Aires, which provided advice in the area of technology related to project and design. In the first case, the advice focused on the envelope design to improve their hygro-thermal behavior through compliance with the value of u together and the protections and adjustments of openings to guarantee the sunshine of the houses, and the solar thermal installation. In the second one, waste management for direct application of demolitions at the working site on new materials that contribute to reduce the transportation energy expenditure and to the thermal capacity of the envelope was incorporated. The originality that presents the paper lies firstly in the selection of the case studies: typical buildings of the City of Buenos Aires, built without exceptional budgets or conditions. Contrary to some prevailing trend in the practice and study in this field locally, it is proposed to shift the debate to the concrete possibilities of promoting sustainability in urban architecture, and provide casuistry in this regard. Furthermore, the two cases realize modes of articulation between academia and public research and private enterprises, unusual at this scale. It is noteworthy that the research projects that directly and indirectly relate to assessments that provide technical solutions and innovations to the works (such as the design and production processes of the blocks cementitious aggregates coming from recycled materials) are formed by teams led by university professors, and graduate and undergraduate students. The case studies analysis emphasizes the issue of selection, production and materials management with sustainability criteria, within the theoretical framework of materials, environment and health. This is another point that, within this area at the local level, has not received the necessary attention in terms of dissemination of information, legal frameworks, or protocols of implementation.
Breakwater walls in neighborhoods
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Jaramillo-Morilla, Antonio; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Díaz-Pichardo, A.; Bernabe-Reyes, C.; Villicaña-Cupa, M.A.; Contreras-Marín, E.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; TEP018
The uneven and slopes terrain force us to intervene with rigid or flexible containment structures. Containment structures tend to be mostly of reinforced concrete or steel sheet piling. For some time, the use of stone jetties as containment structures and permanent stabilization in housing estates is being imposed. This type of structure has been used successfully in slopes of roads and jetties on port. When moving it to suburbia has disparaged some aspects, both design and calculation, not taking into account actions in risk areas, or eliminating essential components as filters and drain components. This document analyzes the work of intervention in two works affected in Motril (Granada, Spain) and Almeria (Spain), where the breakwaters were utilized, reaching recidivism in one of them. Guide for the design and construction of breakwaters in roadworks from the Ministry of Public Works in 1998, revised in 2006, [3] is a valuable document but requires a Decalogue of specific instructions for use in works of urbanization, in general of lower volume, and with the largest number of meetings of surfaces. Three-dimensionality is usually an important factor to take into account.
Characterization of urban patterns at the neighbourhood scale as an energy parameter. Case study: Castellón de la Plana
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Braulio Gonzalo, Marta; Ruá Aguilar, M.J.; Bovea Edo, Mª Dolores; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
According to the World Organization Prospects 2014 Revision (United Nations), the population in European cities has reached 73%, and 80% is forecast in forthcoming decades. Therefore, urban areas are large consumers of resources. Integrated Urban Regeneration (IUR) is implementing strategies to achieve a smart, sustainable and socially inclusive (Declaration of Toledo, 2010) urban development since the challenge is greater in existing urban environments, where it is not possible to act in the design phases. Therefore, an analysis of the characteristics of urban planning and building types that make up a city and its neighbourhoods is required to identify those typologies with energy vulnerability prior to implementing IUR. This paper focuses on the energy factor as one of the items to consider in IUR. This will be useful in the decision making that determines which urban areas require more urgent intervention. The urban morphology of a Mediterranean medium-sized city is characterized herein: Castellón de Plana (180,690 inhabitants, according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) 2010). Firstly, this city’s historical urban development is analysed to determine different urban areas. Then existing building types are identified. Finally, these types are associated with the urban design and the results are represented by a Geographic Information System (GIS). The study results provide a number of urban morphology types with different layouts which represent the Mediterranean city, as well as the building typologies represented in each urban typology. Each presented set is likely to have different energy performance, and the findings can be extrapolated to other Mediterranean cities with similar characteristics to the city studied herein. The collected information will be useful for further research to analyse the energy performance of the existing building stock in the city by taking into account the building type integrated into a consolidated urban design
Compressed earth blocks, their thermal delay and environmental impact
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Roux Gutiérrez, Rubén Salvador; Velazquez Lozano, Jesús; Rodríguez Deytz, Homero; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
This communication is the result of research that addresses the issue of blocks of compressed earth (CEB – Compressed Earth Blocks) thermal properties, to corroborate the advantages of this alternative construction material, conventional materials, to check that these materials can meet the needs of the population in their decent housing construction, improving the quality of life of the user and producing less environmental impact. Thermal tests were simulating the effect of the Sun on a wall, registering the temperature during the tests determining the thermal delay on the walls depending on the material. It is as well as with the results of the tests determined which the optimal material for use as housing enclosure is. On the other hand is the study of the CEB, stabilized with hydroxide of lime and cement, seeking to comply with the Mexican standards, in the section relating to materials for use in masonry buildings and thus verify that these materials comply with quality requirements, as well as conventional materials, coupled with the analysis of the life cycle (LCA) in two populations of BCE's stabilized with cementations seeking to determine their environmental impact and finally to be able to compare them with existing databases of conventional materials.
"Cons" at the moment of introducing new eco-efficient technologies to build a detached house. Case Study: A house in Palomares del Rio (Seville)
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Moreno-Rangel, David; Fernández Expósito, Manuel; Esquivias Fernández, Paula Matilde; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. 1Grupo TEP 130: “Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
The need for construction and restoration of buildings within an ecological and sustainable manner is highlighted in this increasingly aware global world; so it is very easy to fail thinking on how simple it could be to execute certain eco-efficient constructive proposal in any project, no matter its size. Despite having previous experiences in construction of several prefabricated buildings (fire stations, offices, schools), and participating in some important research projects on studying new eco-efficient constructive proposals for dwellings, as the Patio 2.12 project for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012, that was the mistake our team failed into when we decided to incorporate a new more efficient constructive system in a private promoted detached house project. This works shows, by means of a real and built example, that kind of things that is not usually told in a congress or an article: all those problems found during the incorporation process which have to be controlled to improve the viability of any building project which pretends to apply new solutions. In this case, the problem was to move from a traditional detached house project based on a system of structural walls with 3cm of insulation, plastered and painted, floor slabs with beams and concrete slabs, balustrades and small windows, pitched roofs... (private promoter’s first idea) to a contemporary house project based on a Steel Frame system with 14cm of insulation, and multiple eco-efficient architectural strategies, with mezzanine floor, double height and large windows(final project) ... at the same price and lesser execution time. All those problems our team had to face and the different constructive proposals and professional decisions we reached out during the different phases of this project, from first stages to the end of the building process, to obtain at the same price a detached house executed in less time and with more material and environmental quality than a traditional one through the incorporation of eco-efficient proposals are shown in this paper by adding real budgets, time programs, comparative studies, sketches, drawings and photographs. In spite of the economical crisis, this house has risen 50% in value.
Conservation of materials resources by buildings reuse and on site materials reuse strategies
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Amoêda, R.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Rethinking buildings and construction activities is a fundamental step towards sustainable construction. Being one of the most materials consumers, changes to current practices in the construction industry are crucial in order to effectively reduce primary resources exploitation, as also to reduce the environmental impacts associated with it. End of life of buildings are opportunities to close the materials loop, by means of building renewal and recovery of components and materials. In this context, building reuse and on site materials reuse have shown to be the most preferable end of life scenarios when compared with off site reuse, recycling, energy recovery and landfill disposal. Moving from demolition to deconstruction is one of the changes that are supposed to happen. Another is to change the materials selection procedures in order to consider also reused materials as a valid option in architectural process. Therefore, surveys to assess reuse potential are needed prior to architectural design in order to look for reuse opportunities and reuse constrains both at the building level and materials level. Such opportunities and constrains comprise building adaptability, building conservation state, mechanical and aesthetic performance of materials, feasibility of components and materials recovery. However, existing buildings were not built to be deconstructed and materials recovery is a labor intensive task, facing obstacles as non reversible connections which usually destroy materials integrity. A case study for building reuse and on site materials reuse is here analised in order to illustrate the theoretical principles and goals that drive the reuse approach, highlighting the environmental benefits by keeping Embodied Energy and thus reducing the Global Warming Potential related to construction activities
Construccion and demolition waste during the transformation of rural land
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Rivero Camacho, Cristina; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The main objective of this research is to create a new model for the quantification of construction and demolition waste generated during the transformation of rural land into urban state. The work starts with the quantification model developed in the research group ARDITEC, which uses coefficients for the calculation of the quantities and types of waste generated during construction works. The idea is based on the need to facilitate the urbanization waste management by town halls. In particular, it stems from the collaboration between the research group and Écija’s town halls. Five real projects are studied, and the results are extrapolated to any urbanization work; and a tool is created for the accurate quantification, by means of simple calculations. Additionally, the coefficients obtained may be incorporated into Andalusia Construction Cost Database. The work will be part of future research of the environmental impact caused by the land transformations.
Dynamic daylight simulation: New technics and metrics to study strategies to reduce lighting energy consumption
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Esquivias Fernández, Paula Matilde; Moreno-Rangel, David; Fernández Expósito, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acustica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
After the energy crisis of 1973, the control of the thermal conditions in buildings has exponentially increased and new technologies have been developed forward greater energy efficiency in buildings, including artificial lighting between them. As a proper thermal conditioning reduces energy consumption by reducing energy demand, an adequate daylighting will reduce the lighting energy consumption, increasing thereby the energy efficiency by taking advantage of a natural and free CO2 emissions source. However, while there is a long history to predict the temperature and humidity conditions, the prediction of daylighting conditions is based, for more than 50 years ago, in the calculation of Daylight Factor. This factor, despite its great international expansion and recognition, for example in LEED or BREEAM accreditation systems, is not considering the light from the Sun, so the only possible real sky conditions where there is no presence of the Sun is under a completely overcast sky, but considering this sky condition, Daylight Factor is insensitive to orientation. In addition, due to the low frequency of cloudy skies in the sunnier climates in southern Europe, daylighting studies have fallen into disuse, considering the Daylight Factor distribution, at best, as representing the worst daylighting conditions. So, artificial lighting is usually designed independently to daylighting. However, the recent emergence of Dynamic Daylight Simulation makes possible to obtain daylighting levels throughout the year due to local climatic conditions, considering, therefore, the presence and action of the Sun. The statistical analysis of these results has led to the birth of new Daylighting Metrics that predict, for example, the amount of hours in which daylight is sufficient or the amount of hours when the use of electric lighting is really needed for visual comfort. The analysis of these new metrics allows us to obtain a better comprehension of daylighting performance of a space, letting us making certain decisions that directly affect to comfort and energy consumption. In this paper, the importance of these new daylight metrics is highlighted but also their relationship with lighting energy use. Considering these new metrics, a better lighting system design and a better adequacy of its regulation and control devices can be reached, giving energy savings up to approximately 30%.
Ecoinvolucrate in 5Rs. An answer of the architecture and the construction of ecuador for the improvement of environment
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Pérez Pérez, Marina; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
ECOINVOLUCRATE EN 5Rs is carried on at the Research Center of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of Cuenca, in the framework of the PROMETEO Project of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science Technology and Innovation of Ecuador. Ecuador shows a construction boom with a strong economic nature and intensity, this benefits the financial sector as well as becomes the breeding ground for timely structuring the construction industry and its professionals. Opportunity to structure the management of an elemental area of Sustainable Development. It started as an answered to the lacks of an integral program aimed at developing common strategies, in which professional activities involving: Sustainable Development, Bioclimatic Architecture and Energy Efficiency, in the training and practice of professional architects and construction of Ecuador. The main objective is to involve key stakeholders in the Architecture and Construction in Sustainable Corporate Culture, promoting economic, social and environmental corporate responsibility, through the implementation of environmental management systems, protecting and improving the environment. Includes spreading, research, training and business management, in three lines of action. Structured around: Divulgativo Proyect structured with surveys and Technical Conferences; Formativo_E3 Project prior to an investigation in which sustainable criteria identified in architecture, vernacular and current construction of Ecuador, with a parallelism of the objectives that countries with high energy dependence and strategies that professional architectural and construction of Ecuador used innately, training courses to working professionals are enriched; and Resolutivo - Empresarial Project encouraging companies involved in energy dependence development policies, ecological management system designed expressly with the economic parameters of their activity, with which the company is involved in the fight against climate change climate with a Best Practices Guide in 5Rs. ECOINVOLÚCRATE IN 5Rs is a cross action between education, practice and public policy action in the fight against climate change, and the insertion of Ecuador to the international market.
Ecological footprint in indirect cost of construction
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Freire Guerrero, Antonio; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
For the environmental analysis is employed the ecological footprint indicator, which is defined as "the area of ecologically productive land (crops, pastures, forests and aquatic ecosystems) needed to produce the resources used and to assimilate the wastes produced by a given population with a level of specific life indefinitely”. In our case this environmental indicator is applied to indirect costs of the building project, allowing calculate the footprint generated by different sources of impact (energy, water, food consumption, mobility and waste). In the budgets of building costs that are attributable directly (direct costs) and indirectly (indirect costs) are identified. These latter costs are all elements that can’t be attributed to a particular unit of work because they are tasks that serve multiple elements simultaneously within the work. A clear example of this type of cost is the foreman (as it acts in the various phases of the work during the performance of all jobs) or crane (which shall work of moving materials, hoisting loads, unloading products from vehicles, etc.). These costs are not usually included in the environmental analysis because they are difficult to quantify. In this analysis the following impacts are taken into account (analyzing and focusing them so that the results can be quantified by this environmental indicator): labor, aids and equipment, installations and works booths, and consumption of energy and water on site. It draws on the Andalusia Construction Costs Database (ACCD), thus adding an environmental party to this baseline, which will produce the ecological footprint produced by these costs along with your budgeting.
Ecological footprint in of dwelling construction in Mexico
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Larralde, Lucía; González-Vallejo, Patricia; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
In present day, Mexico has a very important urban development. In a near future buildings will become more important than what they are now. There will be more demand of urban land as it becomes scarcer, and also as the environmental impacts intensify. Currently, Mexico does not have a national certification program for sustainability of buildings of any kind. The present work evaluates impacts associated with construction using the Ecological Footprint indicator, by means of a tool developed by ARDITEC Research Group for the residential sector in Spain. It contributes to the standardization of methodology and code of home construction so it could be evaluated in different countries. In order to analyze dwelling construction in Mexico, especially in the residential sector, a typology and project should be defined. The Ecological Footprint is based on the project bill of quantities and afterwards a breakdown of information of materials, labor and machinery is given. The Mexican dwelling, although it has simple construction solutions, has bigger footprint per square meter because the Mexican dwelling is 50% smaller than the Spanish and elements with much energy (facilities, kitchen, bathroom, etc.) have more impact, and also the Mexican construction has biggest intensity of labor.
Edificio de oficinas de baja energía en Llavallol, Buenos Aires. Una experiencia universidad - empresa
(2015) Czajkowski, Jorge Daniel; Gomez, Analía Fernanda
El presente trabajo está enmarcado en un Convenio de trabajos a terceros entre el Laboratorio de Arquitectura y Hábitat Sustentable y la Empresa Isover Saint Gobain Argentina S.A., con el objeto de desarrollar el proyecto de un modelo edilicio sustentable y de baja energía de 900 m2 en el predio de la fábrica en la localidad de Llavallol, provincia de Buenos Aires. El proyecto tecnológico - arquitectónico será demostrativo con el fin de describir soluciones innovadoras al modo convencional de materializar edificios en el país, además de mostrar la posibilidad de materializar edificios de baja energía a energía plus en países en vías de desarrollo, a costo razonable y con el conocimiento de profesionales, académicos y empresarios locales. Junto a esto valorar el comportamiento energético alcandable y describir su ventaja energética respecto de la edificación convencional. Se expone el proceso proyectual y resultados del comportamiento energético para el primer edificio de estas características en Argentina.
Empirical definition of effective water / cement ratio in mortars with recycled aggregate depending on the absorption
(2015) Velay-Lizancos, Mª Mirian; Martinez-Lage, Isabel; Vazquez-Herrero, Cristina; Vazquez-Burgo, Pablo
The use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes for the manufacture of mortars and concretes is a subject of great interest from the point of view of sustainable construction since it can reduce the exploitation of quarries replacing natural aggregate by recycled aggregate and it can reduce the volume of wastes in landfills. In order to study the influence of recycled aggregate on concrete and mortar strength, the effective water/cement ratio must be the same in concretes or mortars compared. The effective water/cement ratio is defined as the amount of water available to react with the cement of the mixture. Discrepancies among authors arise in the definition of how much is the amount of available water, which depends on the absorption and moisture of the aggregates at the time of the batch. Therefore, in this research, an experimental study is developed empirically to find the amount of water which reacts with the cement mortar in various mixtures with different ratios of recycled aggregate depending on the absorption of the aggregates. Subsequently, the relations between the amount of water which doesn’t react with the cement and aggregate absorption of each of the mixtures were analyzed. Finally, a definition of the effective water/cement ratio depending on absorption is proposed, based on the empirical study developed.
Empirical model to calculate the waste generated in residential building constructions
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Villoria Sáez, Paola; Río Merino, Mercedes Del; Porras Amores, César; San-Antonio González, A
There are numerous studies developing quantification models of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in building works. Currently, knowing the amount of CDW generated in a construction site is essential to optimize its management. Therefore, any tool, which can estimate in advance the waste generated, should be considered a strategy to propose real solutions in the field of sustainability. However, the developed models up to now, offer indicators taking into consideration only the gross floor area (GFA) of the project. In general, GFA has been widely used for CDW estimation worldwide and mainly in high density urban areas such as China or Hong Kong where dwellings are sold by GFA. However, regions such as Europe, U.S or Australia may need to consider other parameters such as the numbers of dwellings as houses are usually sold by units. Also, previous research highlight that masonry work is the main activity generating CDW. Considering this issue, the amount of waste generated during masonry works in two different projects --with the same floor area—but one designed with big surface dwellings and the other with small studios, will differ --as the latter has more brick interior partitions--. Consequently, the main aim of this research is to establish a model to estimate the waste generated, both in weight and volume, considering the GFA and the number of dwellings of the project. To do this, several construction works built in the Community of Madrid have been analyzed. The results obtained offer some formulas to know in advance the amount, both in weight and volume of the total waste that will be generated in newly built construction works. In short, the methodology developed in this paper can help to optimize and systematize the management of the CDW generated in residential construction and can help building agents in the development of CDW management Plans and Reports in agreement with the legislation in force.
Energy efficiency and sustanibility on building through "intelligent" proccess
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Vascas Martín, J.; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
The construction industry has recently developed new technologies to tackle the increasing complexity of today’s building facilities and systems. Therefore, the term “Intelligent Building” is becoming more often used to identify constructions that are able to integrate simultaneously coexisting systems and subsystems in a building. In addition we start using the term “Smart Building” implying further steps of system integration and interaction. Analysing this subject in detail, there still actually remains the so-called automation isles, as well as to apply extensively the concept of intelligent processing This communication intends to analyse the state of art of the Intelligent Building concept and how the term “intelligent processing” could be applied in order to search a high-level of energy efficiency and sustainability.
Energy retrofitting in relation to degree of improvement: An evaluation of simulation versus the reality of housing in Chile.
(Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura., 2015) Soto Muñoz, J.; Pérez Fargallo, Alexis; García, R.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar
Homes are one of the major energy consumers and generate significant environmental impact in Chile and globally. The improvement of existing buildings or new projects is a procedure based on multidimensional simulations and the energy evaluation of housing. However, there is a lack of strategies to identify appropriate modifications. Normally, the original situation is compared with an improved scenario according to general estimates, but without analyzing the most effective alternatives, building process, economic projections or acceptability for the occupants. Based on the study of a dozen, representative dwellings in south-central Chile, in which construction records, computer models, environmental monitoring, and occupancy patterns were compared, this work presents a methodology for the effective analysis of residential environmental improvement. Considering a selection of relevant existing or projected conditions, energy simulation was carried out according to consolidated background information, and alternatives were identified according to a catalog of suitable building solutions for each type of housing studied. Thus, performance results were analyzed using a methodology known as Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) for the financial analysis of the simulated alternatives in order to determine the most effective action packages. In this way, construction proposals were created, applied through computer simulations and implemented in reality. The purpose of this work is to compare the values of energy savings produced by improvements obtained with energy efficiency analysis programs, with the results of building monitoring.
Environmental index of energy consumption in buildings applied to parametric model design
(Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I, 2015) Camporeale, Patricia Edith; Czajkowski, Jorge Daniel
This work is part of a doctoral thesis about optimization of parametric bioclimatic design. We develop two bioclimatic indexes of heating and cooling for typical winter and summer days respectively, which are optimised by means of genetic algorithms (GA) [1]. The object is a high-rise building with multiple uses, located in a plot of urban land, which adequates to Buenos Aires City Environmental Code [2]. The efficient envelope fulfils the Law of Thermal Conditioning in Buildings for Buenos Aires City and IRAM Standards 11604 [3] and 11659/1-2 [4]. After parameterizing the building geometry, we introduce solar thermal loads, transmission loads and internal loads. We employ our own climatic data from the Laboratory: hourly solar radiation and temperature. Then, we run the program successive times in order to obtain a set of solutions, which have equivalent energy performance but different spatial configuration. We utilize a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise the process [5]. Based on the results, we can analyse which variables influence the energy performance of the alternatives. This tool proves to be effective to design and optimise architectural solutions for a high-rise building, while giving the designer more options than traditional design method. We verify the hypothesis of the incidence of envelope geometry on energy consumptionby means of these new indexes. The calculations of these new indexes—Bheat and Bcool —let us evaluate simultaneously both parameters, providing a common basis of comparison: 24-hour energy consumption of typical winter and summer days. We can affirm that energy efficient design cannot let apart summer condition for our bioclimatic zone (humid temperate) IIIb (IRAM 11603) [6]. Nevertheless, the above mentioned law in Buenos Aires Province only require a minimum Gheat, taking into account just winter condition. The same happens with IRAM Standard 11900 about energy efficiency labelling.

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Examinando Congreso Internacional de Construcción Sostenible y Soluciones Ecoeficientes (2º. 2015. Sevilla) [0] por Título