Artículos (Ingeniería del Diseño)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11347

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Evaluating social impacts in children stakeholder: An innovative method for social life cycle assessment
(Elsevier, 2026-01) Aguilar-Planet, Teresa; Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Martín-Mariscal, Amanda; Fernández Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Ingeniería del Diseño; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería
The child population is a particularly vulnerable group within the life cycle of products and services. In alignment with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda, addressing the socioeconomic impacts associated with childhood has emerged as a key research area aimed at fostering a more equitable society. In this context, Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) incorporated the “Children” category as a stakeholder in 2020. However, the development of inventory indicators and impact calculation models for this category remains ongoing, and no specific methodologies have been established. This study proposes an innovative socioeconomic impact assessment method aligned with ISO 14075 and the UNEP/SETAC Guidelines. The method incorporates indicators for the subcategories “Health issues for children as consumers”, “Education provided in the local community” and “Children concerns regarding marketing practices”. The calculation model is based on the concept of absolute positive impact, allowing the disaggregated quantification of positive and negative effects through the use of an ordinal Reference Scale (RS S-LCIA). A case study on a digital video game was used to validate the proposed model, demonstrating its adaptability and effectiveness in identifying both negative impacts and key social benefits from a child-centered perspective. It also shown challenges in data availability, particularly regarding health impacts and education practices. The results highlight the necessity of integrating a child-focused perspective into S-LCA to accurately assess the social impact of products and services on this vulnerable group.
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Structural Diagnosis of Historic Buildings: Stability Study of the Bullring of Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda (Spain)
(MDPI, 2025) Pachón García, Pablo; Garduño Ferreras, Carlos; Vázquez Vicente, Enrique; Baeza Álvarez, Juan Ramón; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ingeniería del Diseño
The structural health monitoring of historic buildings represents one of the most significant challenges in contemporary structural analysis, particularly for large-scale structures with accumulated damage. Obtaining reliable diagnostics is crucial yet complex due to the inherent uncertainties in both geometric definition and material properties of historic constructions, especially when structural stability may be compromised. This study presents a comprehensive structural assessment of the Bullring of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda (Spain), an emblematic 18th-century structure, through an innovative multi-technique approach aimed at evaluating its structural stability. The methodology integrates various non-destructive techniques: 3D laser scanning for precise geometric documentation, operational modal analysis (OMA) for global dynamic characterisation, experimental modal analysis (EMA) for local assessment of critical structural elements, and sonic tests (ST) to determine the elastic moduli of the principal materials that define the historic construction. The research particularly focuses on the inner ring of sandstone columns, identified as the most vulnerable structural component through initial dynamic testing. A detailed finite-element (FE) model was developed based on high-precision laser-scanning data and calibrated using experimental dynamic properties. The model’s reliability was validated through the correlation between numerical predictions and experimental observations, enabling a thorough stability analysis of the structure. Results reveal concerning stability issues in specific columns of the inner ring, identifying elements at significant risk of collapse. This finding demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in detecting critical structural vulnerabilities in historic buildings, providing crucial information for preservation strategies.
Evaluation of design properties of electric and combustion cars based on eye tracking
(Taylor and Francis, 2024-06-06) Nuñez, Raúl; Cordoba Roldan, Antonio; Heras García de Vinuesa, Ana de las; Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP022: Diseño Industrial e Ingeniería del Proyecto y la Innovación; TEP990: Proyectos de Ingeniería
The current transition to the electric car by all users is advancing steadily, and hence the design of these products occupies a prominent place in the car design sector. Likewise, the user experience is one of the determining aspects for the choice of a model. The main objective of this work is to determine, through eye tracking, which areas of an image (in this case, images of the front of cars) are more influential in the perception of the vehicle as either electric or combustion-powered, by segmenting the most important areas of a vehicle and users’ perceptions thereof according to gender and other socio-demographic variables. This work provides an experimental design and a way to analyse and draw conclusions from an oculometry study for vehicles, as well as an initial design briefing for the generation of the visual identity of electric vehicles based on the perception of users for different elements of the vehicle. A methodology is proposed that includes the use of tools such as ANOVAs, eye-tracking, heat maps, tracking maps and fixation times. Through this data it is possible to develop optimal designs aligned with the user's perception.
The Role of Kano Model in Revealing the Most Significant Physicochemical Properties of Wines
(IEEE, 2024-11-06) Luque Sendra, Amalia; Mazzoleni, Mirko; Heras García de Vinuesa, Ana de las; Ferramosca, Antonio; Previdi, Fabio; Carrasco Muñoz, Alejandro; Ingeniería del Diseño; Tecnología Electrónica; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP990: Proyectos de Ingeniería
In this article a methodology, based on the Kano model, to prioritize the features of a product or service is proposed. Instead of using detailed, lengthy, burdensome, time-demanding, and biased-prone questionnaires, enquiring the user satisfaction with each product feature, a simplified survey asking for the overall satisfaction with the product is used. The proposed method starts by training a machine learning (ML) model using a dataset of different instances of the product and the corresponding perceived quality. This model is then employed to derive the relationship between each feature and the satisfaction associated with them. The shape of this relationship is interpreted according to a Kano model placing each attribute in a bidimensional Kano map which is later partitioned using ML clustering techniques. This methodology has been applied to an open dataset containing the physicochemical characteristics of hundreds of wines and the corresponding scores obtained in a blind tasting evaluation. The research has shown that ML models get very remarkable results predicting the perceived quality of a wine and is able to build a Kano map of the winefeatures. TheMLclusteringtechniquesemployedpartitioningthisKanomaphasclearlyoverperformed conventional rectangular or polar segmentation. It has also been shown that using four categories of features, as it is proposed in the Kano model, is the most reasonable partition from an ML clustering perspective.
¿Una crisis silenciosa de las humanidades y las ciencias sociales? Análisis filosófico en tres autores relevantes y consecuencias pedagógicas
(FahrenHouse Ediciones, 2024-10-01) Corrales-Serrano, Mario; Sánchez-Martín, Jesús; Moreno-Losada, José; Zamora-Polo, Francisco; Ingeniería del Diseño; TEP990: Proyectos de Ingeniería
En las últimas décadas, las humanidades y las ciencias sociales han perdido relevancia en el contexto de los planes de estudio de Educación Secundaria y en la elección de carrera universitaria, así como en el contexto social, en detrimento de la valoración que reciben los saberes científico-técnico. Este proceso no sólo tiene consecuencias a nivel teórico-epistemológico, sino que también conlleva implicaciones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los saberes humanísticos y sociales. Este trabajo analiza la reflexión a este respecto en tres de los autores que han estudiado el tema: Michel Henry, Nuccio Ordine y Martha Nussbaum. El objetivo es exponer y comparar sus argumentos y deducir las posibles consecuencias a nivel epistemológico y didáctico. Para ello se ha aplicado una metodología de análisis expositivo y comparativo de algunas de sus obras, y se extraen consecuencias para la enseñanza de esta área de conocimiento. Las reflexiones de estos autores se contextualizan en los datos de elección de modalidad de estudios del alumnado de Educación Secundaria, que se inclinan mayoritariamente por la elección de la modalidad de ciencias. Las conclusiones permiten observar un paralelismo entre los argumentos expuestos y la visión que el alumnado de Educación Secundaria tiene sobre estos saberes
Use of artificial intelligence techniques in characterization of vibration signals for application in agri-food engineering
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-15) Luque Sendra, Amalia; Campos Olivares, Daniel; Mazzoleni, Mirko; Ferramosca, Antonio; Previdi, Fabio; Carrasco Muñoz, Alejandro; Ingeniería del Diseño; Tecnología Electrónica; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP990: Proyectos de Ingeniería
Bottling machinery is a critical component in agri-food industries, where maintaining operational efficiency is key to ensuring productivity and minimizing economic losses. Early detection of faulty conditions in this equipment can significantly improve maintenance procedures and overall system performance. This research focuses on health monitoring of gripping pliers in bottling plants, a crucial task that has traditionally relied on analyzing raw vibration signals or using narrowly defined, application-specific features. However, these methods often face challenges related to limited robustness, high computational costs, and sensitivity to noise. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach based on generic features extracted through basic signal processing techniques applied to vibration signals. These features are then classified using a random forest algorithm, enabling an effective analysis of health states. The proposed method is evaluated against traditional approaches and demonstrates clear advantages, including higher accuracy in detecting and classifying faulty conditions, greater robustness against random perturbations, and a reduced computational cost. Additionally, the method requires fewer training instances to achieve reliable performance. This study highlights the potential of artificial intelligence and signal processing techniques in predictive maintenance, offering a scalable and efficient solution for fault detection in manufacturing processes, particularly within the agri-food sector.
Structural assessment of the medieval city wall of Seville (Spain) using low-cost accelerometers
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Serrano Chacón, Álvaro Rubén; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; Muñoz Chavero, Fernando; Hidalgo Fort, Eduardo; Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio; Ingeniería del Diseño; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Ingeniería Electrónica; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). España; TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno; TEP211: Conservación Preventiva del Patrimonio Construido; TIC192: Ingeniería Electrónica
The remains of fortifications are commonly found embedded in the contemporary urban fabric of historic cities. Due to their typological nature, these heritage assets are usually elements of great size and impact on the urban landscape. Their location within cities exposes them to very specific risks, such as pollution, vibration, biodegradation, and anthropic factors, which must be taken into account for the proper conservation and maintenance of such remains. The case of the medieval wall of Seville (Spain), built on rammed earth, shows specific factors of vulnerability, degradation, and erosion which prompt the need for non-destructive techniques (NDT). In the present research, vibration-based inspection is used and, specifically, when subjected to ambient vibrations. The collection of accelerations, which covered a period of nine months, was conducted in different parts of the structure under study by using mainly high-resolution accelerographs. These data allowed to perform an exhaustive dynamic characterisation of this defensive structure. Among other findings, it was determined that the filling of cracks and voids in the walls increased the fundamental frequency by about 2 %. In addition, no serious damage to the structure was found. Knowledge of the historic buildings' condition is essential in order to determine the most appropriate intervention. To this end, a protocol for the global structural diagnosis of these buildings has been proposed. It is based on the recording of accelerations with low-cost accelerographs. Besides being an inexpensive protocol, it allows a quick decision making, since the dynamic characterization of the structure is performed by means of the fast Fourier transform. Basically, the designed protocol is based on the variation of the fundamental frequency of the structure between two time instants. These values are used for the calculation of a damage index. By means of an exhaustive review of conventional masonry buildings tested in the laboratory, the damage index has been correlated with the state of the structure prior to collapse. Specifically, this threshold, which ranges from DS4 to DS5 according to the criteria of the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98), provides a valuable reference point for the structural assessment of historical box-shaped constructions with conventional masonry load-bearing walls. This simplified procedure for structural diagnosis was applied in its initial phase at the White Tower. It was found that this protocol is able to identify the fundamental frequency of the structure with an error of <0.65 % in comparison to the results obtained through operational modal analysis methods.
District heating based on biogas from wastewater treatment plant
(Elsevier, 2019-08-01) Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Soltero Sánchez, Víctor Manuel; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Chacartegui, Ricardo; Ingeniería del Diseño; Ingeniería Energética; TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería; TEP137: Máquinas y Motores Térmicos
Wastewater treatment plants have a relevant role within the circular economy chain of the cities. They purify contaminated waters and materials and biogas can be recovered from their processes. This article analyzes the potential integration of District Heating systems with wastewater treatment plants, using the biogas generated, in combination with natural gas, to supply heat and domestic hot water to the municipalities integrated in the wastewater network. A methodology is proposed to analyze the potential for implementation of these systems based on the evaluation of the requirements of transmission and distribution networks and cost benefit analysis. As case study this methodology was applied to 88 sewage treatment plants located in the Atlantic and Continental regions of Spain. Each wastewater treatment facility provides services to more than 50,000 equivalent users. The analysis is oriented to district heating system in cities with high/medium urban wastewater load. Analytical expressions to estimate capital expenditures as function of district heating network capacity have been obtained from data of the municipalities under analysis. The results for the analysed region show a potential for CO₂ emissions savings of 1.8 Mt per year with an overall investment of 2,854 M euros.
Investigación: Evaluación de la huella hídrica del uso y mantenimiento de los edificios. Aplicación a viviendas en Andalucía, España
(Colegio Oficial de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos de Sevilla, 2025-01) Rivero Camacho, Cristina; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Ingeniería del Diseño; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Las empresas de construcción pueden lograr el éxito financiero y reducir los impactos ambientales de los proyectos mediante la gestión cuidadosa de los presupuestos de los proyectos y la consideración simultánea de los costos económicos y los impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, durante su uso y mantenimiento, los edificios incurren en ramificaciones que van más allá de su construcción y que pueden ser igualmente significativas. En este trabajo se evalúa la huella hídrica (HH) de la etapa de mantenimiento y uso de los edificios a partir de la información de los presupuestos de los proyectos de construcción. Para ello, se emplea la herramienta computacional PREDICE. La herramienta pronostica los impactos ambientales indirectos, cuantificando los impactos incorporados en los materiales de construcción y la maquinaria a partir de su análisis de ciclo de vida. En este trabajo también se evalúan los impactos directos derivados del consumo de agua de los ocupantes a partir de los datos reportados. El capítulo explora la construcción de edificios residenciales en Andalucía, España, utilizando la base de datos de costos de construcción y el sistema de desglose de obras de la región. Se analiza el proyecto de construcción, concretamente su presupuesto (BoQ), para predecir las tareas de mantenimiento a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. Noventa y cinco unidades de trabajo de mantenimiento y su coste están definidos e integrados en la herramienta PREDICE. Se estudia un proyecto real: un edificio plurifamiliar de 4 plantas que proporciona vivienda social. Los resultados demuestran cómo el uso de la herramienta permite localizar las fuentes de mayor impacto a lo largo del ciclo de vida, facilitando así la toma de decisiones en cuanto a la reducción de costes económicos y ambientales. La huella hídrica de las viviendas consiste en torno al 80% de consumo directo por parte de los habitantes, mientras que un 20% se debe al agua incorporada en los materiales de construcción y la producción de energía. Además, el agua incorporada en la producción de energía es significativamente tan alta como la huella de materiales de construcción.
Data Transfer Reliability from Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—A Comparative Case Study of an Industrial Warehouse
(MDPI, 2025-02-18) Fernández Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Aguilar-Planet, Teresa; Martín-Mariscal, Amanda; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Ingeniería del Diseño; TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería
The automation of environmental assessment processes aimed at reducing the ecological footprint of industrial facilities, buildings, and infrastructure is one of the main challenges currently faced by the construction sector. In this context, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a comprehensive methodology that enables the creation of digital models, facilitating the analysis of environmental performance throughout the life cycle of built assets. In addition to the capabilities offered by BIM, specialized tools for environmental impact analysis implement the standardized life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. However, one of the current limitations is the integration of BIM models and LCA tools. Few software solutions enable automated data transfer, complicating the environmental assessment process. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability of data transfer from BIM models to LCA tools, using an industrial warehouse as a case study. The research compares two LCA tools: Athena Impact Estimator, specialized in the construction sector, and SimaPro, a professional tool with advanced capabilities. This study is structured in two phases: (i) the development of a BIM model in Revit, including the definition of structural and functional components and the export of data to LCA tools, and (ii) the execution of the life cycle assessment in compliance with ISO 14040 and EN 15804 standards. The results show methodological and interoperability differences between the two tools, highlighting their strengths and limitations in terms of the precision of the results, resource consumption, training and expertise requirements, scope of environmental impact calculations, and adaptability to the construction sector in the integration of an LCA with a BIM model.
Análisis territorial y caracterización tipológica-constructiva de la torre del Villar de Oria (Almería) mediante modelos digitales
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025) Moya Muñoz, Jorge; Ingeniería del Diseño; HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
Dotted strategically around the entire province of Almería (Spain) are numerous defence elements belonging to the Kingdom of Granada. Recent investigations have produced new sets of plans using photogrammetry, the results of which have furnished information about the geometry and pathological status of the wall structures, as well as the factors that determined these elements. Other important studies have conducted spatial analyses of defence systems along the coast of Almería. However, only a few studies have approached these cultural assets from different scales, viewing them as a part of a general development. This article aims to provide new knowledge about these fortifications obtained through the use of digital models based on different software programs, and it therefore sheds light on their territorial scale, the scale of the architectural objects themselves and the scale of their materiality. Taking the Villar de Oria tower as a case study, the first step was to conduct a territorial study using geographical information systems in order to understand the reason behind the placement of the tower and its relationship with other nearby defence elements and the immediate vicinity. The next step was to examine geometric and architectural aspects of the tower, and the final stage of the study was a typologicalconstruction characterisation of the building systems and the materiality identified in the wall analysis. The results obtained contribute to existing knowledge about the cultural heritage associated with the old Kingdom of Granada in a general context. They also provide a baseline for conducting comparative and chrono-typological studies of other nearby defence infrastructures.
Air Quality Assessment During the Initial Implementation Phase of a Traffic-Restricted Zone in an Urban Area: A Case Study Based on NO₂ Levels in Seville, Spain
(MDPI, 2025-02-25) Pastor-Fernández, Andrés; Lama-Ruiz, Juan Ramón; Otero-Mateo, Manuel; Cerezo Narváez, Alberto; Ramírez-Peña, Magdalena; Sánchez-Alzola, Alberto; Ingeniería del Diseño; TEP022: Diseño Industrial e Ingeniería del Proyecto y la Innovación
Traffic-related air pollution significantly affects air quality. Many cities have introduced low emission zones (LEZs) to restrict urban transport. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a dangerous pollutant associated with adverse health effects, such as respiratory diseases, cancer, and death. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing an LEZ during an informative period in which no fines were imposed on vehicles. The methodology consisted of several phases. Firstly, the legal levels to guarantee compliance with air quality standards of the Directive 2008/50/EC were studied. Secondly, this study analyzed the temperature and wind speed patterns of the city under investigation. Finally, an in-depth statistical study evaluated the impact of the LEZ at each air quality monitoring station throughout the municipality. The case study focused on Seville, Spain, using data from 2022, 2023, and the first quarter of 2024, the latter corresponding to the reporting period without fines. The results reveal a wide dispersion and periodicity in NO₂ concentrations at the monitoring stations. Seville complied with NO₂ air quality regulations before the implementation of the LEZ, with similar seasonal patterns observed. A low overall impact was observed in the first three months after implementation. This methodology can be used universally
Green methanol production from photovoltaics in Europe
(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) Rodríguez Pastor, Diego Antonio; Soltero Sánchez, Víctor Manuel; Chacartegui, Ricardo; Ingeniería Energética; Ingeniería del Diseño; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
The European Union’s objective for non-biological fuels is 10 Mt by 2030. The massive implementation of green hydrogen facilities predicts cost overruns for adapting the existing industry towards H 2-ready, making the development of alternative e-fuels imperative. Based on European GIS data, this work analyses the potential implementation of green methanol from CO 2 maximum volumetric blends of 5–20 % H 2 capture in existing industries. The study is based on hydrogen fraction limits on existing natural gas grids, with . The analysis of boundary conditions based on water resources and proximity to the networks yields 3016 potential municipalities for implementing green methanol valleys. The analysis projects a potential of ~30 Mton H capture capacity above 7 Mton CO 2 2 /year in PV to produce 5 Mton of methanol, with a carbon /year. The economic analysis of different scenarios shows that in 2030, the levelized cost of methanol could reach values around ~450 € /ton MeOH, with IRR>15 %, showing the viability of the approach.
Is university teaching aligned with the sustainable development goals possible? An approach through the virtual training of university professors
(Emerald, 2025-03-03) Espejo Antúnez, Luis; Corrales Serrano, Mario; Zamora-Polo, Francisco; Cardero-Durán, María de los Ángeles; Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP990: Proyectos de Ingeniería
Purpose This study aims to determine the degree of knowledge acquired by university professors after receiving virtual training on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their relationship with the contents of the subjects taught. Design/methodology/approach A 40-h virtual course on SGDs and higher education was designed. To evaluate professor knowledge, a questionnaire was administered to professors from different fields of knowledge. The questionnaire consists of 25 questions divided into two sections: Section 1: Q1–Q8 (knowledge and access to information) and Section 2: Q9–Q25 (the relationship of the subjects taught with the 17 SDGs). The virtual classroom was used to do the questionnaire and it lasted 10 min. The internal consistency of the different constructs was analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkim test and Marlett test. Descriptive and inferential analysis were also performed. Findings Statistical analysis showed a high reliability for the constructs (smallest Cronbach’s alpha = 0.908). Virtual teaching to teachers significantly improves the results of Section 1 (Q1–Q8) (p < 0.001) and Section 2 (Q9–Q25) (p < 0.001) of the questionnaire. Teachers aged 40–50 years significantly associate the contents of their subjects with SDG1 (Q9, p = 0.02), SDG2 (Q10, p = 0.00) and SDG8 (Q16, p = 0.04) previous course. In addition, the area of origin may influence knowledge about the SDGs. At the end of the course, there were no significant differences between teachers by age, field of knowledge or academic category. Originality/value Virtual training on SDGs unifies the knowledge of university faculty, promoting academic curricula aligned to sustain-able training, regardless of age, gender, academic category or field of knowledge.
A Finite Element Analysis of a New Dental Implant Design: The Influence of the Diameter, Length, and Material of an Implant on Its Biomechanical Behavior
(MDPI, 2025-06-03) González-Mederos, Pedro; Rodríguez-Guerra, Jennifer; González-Ruiz, Jesús Eduardo; Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Torres Hernández, Yadir; Ingeniería del Diseño; Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería; TEP123: Metalurgia e Ingeniería de los Materiales
It is widely recognized that excessive stress and/or strain can lead to peri-implant bone atrophy; therefore, the clinical success of dental implants is intrinsically related to their biomechanical behavior. This study evaluates the influence of the diameter, length, and material [Ti6Al4V (α+β Ti) and Ti35Nb7Zr5Ta (β-Ti)] of a novel cylindrical dental implant on stress and strain levels within maxillary bone of type II quality. The implant design aims to ensure an appropriate distribution of stresses and strains within the peri-implant bone structures (cortical and trabecular bones) while also facilitating surgical machining by requiring a simple, linear, and less expensive bone incision. This approach minimizes the risk of thermal necrosis, a common complication in osteotomies for conical implants that can lead to peri-implant bone loss. Using finite element analysis, stress and strain patterns were evaluated in the maxillary second premolar region under static delayed loading. The results reveal that the cortical bone strains remained below the critical threshold (0.003) to prevent resorption. In the trabecular bone, only larger diameter/length configurations satisfied the previous strain criterion. In all simulations, trabecular bone stress remained below 3 MPa, whereas cortical bone stress peaked at 78 MPa. Notably, the implant model with the largest diameter/length minimized stress and strain concentrations in type II bone when compared to smaller designs, thereby demonstrating its biomechanical advantage.
Integrated Creative Design Process: The Role of Sketching in Industrial Design
(Common Ground Research Networks, 2025-05-29) Martín-Mariscal, Amanda; Fernández Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Aguilar Alejandre, María; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Ingeniería del Diseño; TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería
In industrial design, visual representation methods are important for communicating design ideas and defining product concepts. Among these methods, sketching serves multiple functions and is widely recognized as a key tool for fostering creativity, particularly in the early stages of the design process. This study examines various sketching taxonomies and models that explain design and creative processes, establishing a theoretical foundation for the research. Based on this framework, a novel graphic ideation model is proposed to integrate the creative process into the design workflow through the strategic use of sketches. The model identifies different types of sketches and correlates them with specific stages of the design process, highlighting their potential to enhance creativity and originality. A case study involving the design of a desk was conducted to assess whether the model improves creativity in the design outcome. This case study was compared with two others where the model was not applied. The evaluation of creativity, measured through novelty and usefulness, showed that the case using the graphic ideation model resulted in higher levels of creativity. However, the results should be interpreted carefully, as they are limited by the scope of the study and the specific conditions under which it was conducted.
Grasshopper Algorithmic Modelling: Parametric Design for Product Platform Customisation
(MDPI, 2025-06-01) Martín-Mariscal, Amanda; Fernández Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Ingeniería del Diseño; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería
Recent advances in visual programming tools for algorithmic modelling have significantly expanded the possibilities for designing industrial products. This study analyses the capacity and adaptability of Grasshopper, a graphical algorithm editor integrated with Rhinoceros 3D, as a parametric design tool in the development of product platforms. Three case studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of parameter configuration in product families: perfume bottles, outdoor furniture, and desk organisers. The analysis provided insight into the ability of Grasshopper to (1) automate the generation of product variants within platforms; (2) enable the flexible creation of scalable, customised design alternatives; and (3) improve efficiency in the platform design process in terms of time and technical resources. The results show that Grasshopper provides strong capabilities for customising geometric parameters compared to traditional modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. However, its adaptability is more limited when customisation involves interdependent parameters, such as those related to ergonomics or usability, due to the difficulty of translating these requirements into algorithmic structures. In addition, the initial definition of parameters and constraints may restrict modifications in later design phases. These findings underline the need for algorithm models that support iterative adjustments and flexible reconfiguration throughout all phases of the design process.
Modernizing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Lean Audit Model for Digital Integration
(MDPI, 2025-04-21) Ávila-Gutiérrez, María Jesús; Córdoba-Roldán, Antonio; Morato Huerta, Pablo; Lama-Ruiz, Juan Ramón; Ingeniería del Diseño; Tapizados MARPE S.L.; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP022: Diseño Industrial e Ingeniería del Proyecto y la Innovación
This study proposes an audit model to modernize artisanal manufacturing companies and facilitate their transition to Industry 4.0. Based on Lean Manufacturing, Lean Thinking, and Lean Management principles, the model enhances operational efficiency and competitiveness while considering the resource constraints of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). It provides a structured approach to identifying key improvement areas and guiding digital transformation. The research follows a four-phase methodology: (1) a company assessment questionnaire to diagnose the current state, (2) a method matrix to analyze improvement strategies, (3) a dimension map to structure key transformation areas, and (4) prioritization of improvement dimensions to define a tailored action plan. A case study in an SME validated its applicability. Findings show that the model helps identify critical improvement factors and implement targeted Lean interventions, enhancing Industry 4.0 readiness. It enables a progressive adoption of digital enablers while optimizing traditional manufacturing processes. The originality of this study lies in its integrated auditing framework, structured around four dimensions and twelve key factors. It introduces a 48-question assessment tool, methods matrices, and prioritization mechanisms. Additionally, it defines four strategic development stages—Readiness, Start-up, In-transition, and Advanced—providing a roadmap for continuous improvement in SMEs.
Un modelo SIG para salvar (o no olvidar) el barranco de Janá de Oria (Almería)
(Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico, 2023-02) Moya Muñoz, Jorge; Ingeniería del Diseño; HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
La obras previstas para encauzar los colectores de la futura estación depuradora de Oria (Almería) en el conocido como barranco de Janá supondrían la destrucción de buena parte de la infraestructura de su huerta histórica de origen medieval y la imposibilidad de regar sus tierras. Pese a existir alternativas viables para reconducir estos colectores y evitar poner en riesgo este entorno de gran valor cultural y natural, las administraciones responsables hacen caso omiso a la petición vecinal para preservarlo. Ante tal circunstancia, con la sombra de las máquinas acechando, hemos decidido inventariar de manera organizada todos los elementos que integran esta zona de la huerta centenaria con un doble propósito: construir un argumento más sólido en nuestra lucha colectiva, a la cual no vamos a renunciar; y recabar la máxima información sobre unos bienes culturales que, desgraciadamente, pueden desaparecer pronto. Para vehicular dicha acción, planteamos la creación de un modelo SIG. El uso de esta tecnología digital nos permite, por un lado, identificar geográficamente los diferentes elementos que definen la huerta histórica del entorno señalado y, por otro, atribuir información asociada a cada elemento a partir de la toma de datos en campo, desde fuentes bibliográficas y archivísticas hasta testimonios orales. El resultado obtenido permite tanto la salida de mapas temáticos en formato de imagen como compartir un tipo de archivo vectorial fácilmente reproducible en diferentes visores cartográficos a través de Internet. Además, el modelo generado tiene un carácter abierto, por lo que puede ampliarse al resto de la huerta histórica.
Application od GIS in the National Topographical Map from the Mid-20Th Century: Territorial Relations of the Pre-Industrial Oil Mills of Écija (Seville)
(Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2024-12-31) Moya Muñoz, Jorge; Ingeniería del Diseño; HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
The town of Écija in the province of Seville has been one of the foremost olive oil trading centres for centuries, a status that required the construction of a large number of oil mills. The continuity of olive production gave rise to a territorial organisation that lasted until a paradigm shift in rural areas in the mid-20th century. Recent research has addressed the relations between the mills and Écija’s historical olive groves. However, the relations between the olive oil mills and all the other features of the town’s agricultural fabric have yet to be examined. The aim of this article is to generate knowledge about the relations between the mills and the other agricultural infrastructures, which is essential to our understanding of the town’s territorial configuration using GIS models. The National Topographical Map from the 1950s has provided the graphical basis for this study.

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