Ponencias (Ingeniería Eléctrica)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11354

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Industrial demand side flexibility: the case of the metallurgy sector in Spain
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023-06) Dorado Galatoire, Erick Andrés; Arcos Vargas, Ángel; Martínez Ramos, José Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas I; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
This paper analyzes the current situation of the final electricity demand in Spain, with emphasis on large consumers, and estimates the metallurgy flexibility potential, whose load curtailment capacity could be incorporated in the adjustment services markets to improve the physical operation of the electricity grid. To estimate the metallurgy load curtailment capacity, we use public information from a study carried out in France with the participation of important industrial agents, and actual data from Spain about the annual energy balance, and the sectoral evolution of electricity demand by large consumers, for the period from January 2010 to December 2021. The results show that the final electricity demand by large consumers represents 44.43% of the total final electricity demand in Spain, and metallurgy has the largest weight with an average annual demand of 21 632 GWh, and an estimated average load curtailment capacity of 1.66 GW, 1.61 GW and 1.39 GW for 30 minutes, 2 hours and 8 hours of duration respectively. The incorporation of demand response in electricity markets allows meeting the need for flexibility of the electricity grid, and for metallurgy represents a diversification of its sources of income, which could become an important business opportunity.
A scientific approach in wind energy courses for electrical engineers
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2016) Durán, Mario J.; Barrero, Federico; González Prieto, Ignacio; Guzmán, Hugo; Pozo, A.; Bermúdez Guzmán, Mario; Martín Torres, Cristina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC201: ACE-Ti; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP196: Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica
Teaching and research are joint activities at University level, but in many cases it is found that both activities have a poor connection. While the scientific method based on well-known steps is commonly applied at research level, this methodology and the associated know-how are rarely integrated in degree courses. This work describes the integration of theory, simulation, lab-scale experiments and industrial developments in wind energy courses for electric engineers. The proposed methodology reuses the knowledge from the research that is performed at University level to bring the students the latest industry developments and scientific trends with a scientific approach in multidisciplinary wind energy courses.
Short-term energy recovery control for virtual inertia provision by renewable energy sources
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Mauricio Ferramola, Juan Manuel; Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli; Maza Ortega, José María; Kryonidis, Georgios C.; Barragán-Villarejo, Manuel; Gkavanoudis, Spyros; Demoulias, Charis S.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; European Union (UE). H2020; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
The proliferation of Converter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Sources (CIRES), which are inertia-less, and the gradual decommissioning of synchronous generation have posed several challenges to the electric power system. This has motivated a complete a shift in the CIRES design and its corresponding control philosophy. Integrating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) within CIRES enables the implementation of different operating modes allowing them to provide ancillary services (AS) in a similar way to the synchronous generation. In order to tackle with those short-term response AS, such as virtual inertia, fast ESS (FESS) solutions with high power-to-energy ratio, particularly flywheels and supercapacitors, are preferred. In spite of several control algorithms have been proposed to provide such fast AS, very little research effort has been paid on the proper FESS energy recovery after the AS provision. This task is particularly challenging, since supercapacitors must be operated at a certain state of charge to guarantee that the required AS can be provided within its operational limits. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a new energy recovery control scheme for supercapacitors after the provision of short-term AS, such as virtual inertia. The proposed control is validated via simulations which clearly highlights its adequate performance.
Development of cost-functions for the remuneration of new ancillary services in distribution networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Oureilidis, Konstantinos; Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli; Gkavanoudis, Spyros; Martínez Ramos, José Luis; Demoulias, Charis S.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; European Union (UE). H2020
The higher penetration of intermittent and volatile Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRES) in distribution grids is gradually replacing the bulk synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in poor reaction after a grid event. Conventionally, in order to ensure the stable and safe operation of the electrical grid, the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) request the participation of SGs in Ancillary Services (AS) markets. On the other side, the DRES are mainly regarded as negative loads complying with certain grid codes requirements and no participation to such markets. However, new control algorithms are emerged, including the DRES operation with P-f droop curves, their reactive power contribution according to voltage variations, ramp-rate limitation and fault-ride-through (FRT) capability. Moreover, other support functions have also been proposed in the literature, e.g. provision of virtual inertia, power smoothing and harmonic mitigation. Such support functions, provided that they are properly quantified, can be traded in the AS markets already existing at transmission system level. This paper develops cost-functions for the procurement of the aforementioned AS in a parametric form after conducting a cost-benefit analysis per AS, considering several factors, such as the location, the size and the capability for providing the AS.
Evaluation of Decentralized Voltage Harmonic Mitigation through DRES converter active filtering capability
(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021) Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli; Tzouvaras, Christos; Barragán-Villarejo, Manuel; Kryonidis, Georgios C.; Demoulias, Charis S.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; European Union (UE). H2020
The increased penetration of Converter-Interfaced Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (CI-DRES) has posed power quality challenges into the distribution system. In the future CI-DRES may have the responsibility to cope simultaneously with several issues. One function that has already been presented in the literature, but has not yet been included in Standards, is the operation of the DRES converters as active harmonic filters. This paper firstly develops an active filtering control for the CI-DRES, taking into account its thermal limit. This parameter is important, since DRES are already prescribed by Standards to participate in the voltage regulation process by providing reactive power. If the CI-DRES operates also as active filter, it may exceed its thermal capacity. Secondly, the decentralized operation of CI-DRES is evaluated in the CIGRE Benchmark LV distribution system by considering several scenarios of DRES/Non-linear loads penetration and mixture. Time-domain (TD) simulations are carried out in PowerSim Software to demonstrate the contribution of each CI-DRES in the active filtering process. The derived conclusions will serve as a basis for the development of a new coordinated algorithm, so as the CI-DRES can mitigate properly voltage harmonic distortion (HD) in the most efficient techno-economic way. In this way, the active filtering can be treated as a new ancillary service to be introduced in respective markets.
Ramp-Rate Control of DRES employing Supercapacitors in Distribution Systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021-09) Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli; Casado Machado, Francisco; Barragán-Villarejo, Manuel; Gross, Andrei Mihai; Kryonidis, Georgios C.; Martinez Ramos, J. L.; Demoulias, Charis S.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; European Union (UE). H2020; Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial
The increased penetration of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRES) has posed several challenges into the electric power systems, the most important of which is the instability caused by the intermittent and stochastic nature of the primary sources (wind, sun). Since the System Operators have started to specify limits for the restriction of the Ramp-Rate (RR) at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the DRES with the grid, several algorithms have been proposed to mitigate the power fluctuations using energy storage systems (ESS). Some drawbacks are: high computational effort in the calculation of RR, increased ESS size/decreased ESS operational life, etc. In this paper a new RR Limitation (RRL) algorithm is proposed to address gaps in the current state-of-the-art. This algorithm is based on the two-point calculation of RR and is performed considering the connection of a Supercapacitor (SC) at the DC-link of a DRES converter. The relationship between the SC voltage and the degree to which the RRL is achieved is established, which is something missing from the current state of the art and is essential if the RRL is to be treated as a new tradeable AS. The RR control is validated in a real experimental testbed. Finally, this control is modelled in Simulink in order to perform investigations on the influence that several parameters have on the achieved RRL at the DRES PCC. This is important, since the evaluation of the RRL impact at DRES level will allow for further investigations to evaluate the RRL impact at distribution system level and defer costs related to the installation of large-scale ESS.
DC-bus energy management of a converter-interfaced renewable energy source comprising an energy storage system
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Matas Díaz, Francisco Jesús; Mushtaq, Umer; Gross, Andrei Mihai; Rodríguez del Nozal, Álvaro; Cvetkovic, Milos; Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli; Kryonidis, Georgios C.; Mauricio Ferramola, Juan Manuel; Maza Ortega, José María; Barragán-Villarejo, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; European Union (UE). H2020
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources is strongly linked to the development of voltage source converters used in their connection to the grid. As a result, in the near future of an inverter-dominated power system it will be a requirement for renewable generation to provide ancillary services in order to compensate for the absence of synchronous generation. In this scenario, the use of energy storage systems along with advanced control algorithms mimicking the dynamic behaviour of the traditional generators will be of utmost importance. This paper deals with a renewable energy source interfaced with a voltage source converter and comprising an energy storage system in the DC bus. Particularly, a new energy management algorithm for the DC-bus based on a three levels hierarchical control is proposed, which is able to simultaneously provide ancillary services, maintain the state of charge of the storage system within the permissible limits and use it to control the DC bus voltage. The control strategy is validated experimentally using a prototype with results evidencing a reliable and stable operation.
Towards a New Model of Evaluation of Transformation Losses in Solar Orchards
(European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies, Environment and Power Quality, 2007) Cruz-Romero, Pedro Luis; Marano-Marcolini, Alejandro; Del-Pino-López, Juan Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP196: Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica
In this article is analyzed the economic yield that would turn out from replacing the conventional transformers currently used on solar orchards by others of higher performance. In this way, the losses would be reduced increasing at the same time the injected energy to the network. Moreover, it would have a beneficial effect in the efficiency of the global installation including the connection to the distribution network.
Aplicación de Técnicas de Clustering a la Serie Temporal de los Precios de la Energía en el Mercado Eléctrico
(Thomson, 2007) Martínez-Álvarez, F.; Troncoso, Antonio; Riquelme Santos, José Cristóbal; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos
La principal tarea de las técnicas de clustering es formar grupos de elementos que presenten una conducta similar a partir de una base de datos. Se trata de generar un modelo capaz de simular el comportamiento del sistema de la manera más precisa posible. Así, en primer lugar, se procede a extraer el conocimiento necesario del sistema para, en segunda instancia, buscar los patrones capaces de conservar la información original y conseguir de este modo un modelo válido de descripción del sistema. En este trabajo se presentan dos técnicas de clustering particionales ampliamente conocidas, K-means y Expectation Maximization, para el análisis de la serie temporal de los precios de la energía eléctrica. Se demuestra que aplicar dichas técnicas resulta efectivo a la hora de dividir un año completo en diferentes grupos de días. Concretamente, se distinguen dos tipos de clusters fundamentales: los que identifican a los días laborables y aquellos que representan a los días festivos y los fines de semana. Igualmente resaltable es la similitud mostrada en el comportamiento de los días pertenecientes a una misma estación.
Actuaciones correctoras para el control de tensiones en redes de distribución y de los flujos de potencia reactiva en los transformadores transporte/distribución
(Asociación Española para el Desarrollo de la Ingeniería Eléctrica (AEDIE), 2005) Trigo García, Ángel Luis; Martínez Ramos, José Luis; Marano-Marcolini, Alejandro; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Villa Jaén, Antonio de la; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
El objetivo del trabajo que se presenta en este artículo consiste en el desarrollo de técnicas para la determinación de actuaciones sobre ciertas variables de control, a disposición de los gestores de redes de distribución, para mantener las tensiones de los nudos en la red mallada de distribución y los flujos de potencia reactiva por los transformadores transporte/distribución dentro de los límites establecidos, manteniendo al mismo tiempo un adecuado margen de actuación en las variables de control
Integration of Renewable Energies and Power Quality in the University of Seville Electrical Engineer Curricula
(2007) Del-Pino-López, Juan Carlos; Méndez Treviño, M.E.; Martínez Ramos, José Luis; Maza Ortega, José María; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Rosendo Macías, José Antonio; Villa Jaén, Antonio de la; Burgos Payán, Manuel; Casal Gómez-Caminero, Manuel; Cruz-Romero, Pedro Luis; González Vásquez, F.J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
Renewable energies and power quality have increasingly become a big concern over the last decade, being preferential subjects in research, development and innovation projects world wide. University’s academic programs are being adapted to this need, in order to have more qualified engineers in the future. This paper analyzes how these subjects have been integrated into the power engineer’s curricula at the University of Seville.
Discovering Patterns in Electricity Price Using Clustering Techniques
(2007) Martínez Álvarez, F.; Troncoso, A.; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Riquelme Santos, José Cristóbal; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos
Clustering is a process of grouping similar elements gathered or occurred closely together. This paper presents two clustering techniques, K-means and Fuzzy Cmeans, for the analysis of the electricity prices time series. Both algorithms are focused on extracting useful information from the data with the aim of model the time series behaviour and find patterns to improve the price forecasting. The main objective, thus, is to find a representation that preserves the original information and describes the shape of the time series data as accurately as possible. This research demonstrates that the application of clustering techniques is effective in order to distinguish several kinds of days. To be precise, two major groups can be distinguished thanks to the clustering: the first one that includes the working days and the second one that includes weekends and festivities. Equally remarkable is the similarity shown among days belonging to a same season.
A Mixed Hybrid Algorithm for Integral Wind Farm Optimum Design
(2007) Castro Mora, José; González-Rodríguez, Ángel G.; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Burgos Payán, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
. Nowadays, the weight of the generation of renewable energies has grown spectacularly with regard to other conventional energies. This is due to diverse factors: a bigger environmental concern (Kyoto protocol, white-book in EU, etc.), the raising prices of the traditional fuels, etc. On the other hand, wind power has experienced a bigger grown, among the renewable energies. That is why the development of an effective tool for the design and lay-out of wind farms has a special relevance. This paper present a mix of evolutionary algorithms to look for the optimum integral design of the wind park taking into account all the part involved: number of wind generators, the type and the height of the wind generators, its location, the number and location of substations, the best layout of lowvoltage and high-voltage lines among wind generators, substations and the existing transmission lines, etc. Due to problem complexity, and as a first approach, the global optimization problem has been splitted in two main (uncoupled) parts, first the wind generators lay out and then the network configuration
Results on distributed state estimation for LTI systems facing communication failures
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Rodríguez del Nozal, Álvaro; Orihuela, Luis; Millán, Pablo; Seuret, Alexandre; Zaccarian, Luca; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
We address distributed estimation of the state of a linear plant by a set of agents. The problem is cast in a setting where the communication capabilities of an agent might be deactivated from time to time, due to failures in the communication devices or malicious attacks. An observer architecture is proposed to achieve our estimation goal, based on a multi-hop subspace decomposition. Uniform exponential convergence to zero of the estimation errors is proven in the presence of communication failures, under a persistence of excitation assumption. Finally, the observer performance is evaluated in simulation, showing the merits of the proposed method and suggesting directions for future developments.
A 3D parametric thermal analysis of submarine three-core power cables
(European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality, 2020-04) Del-Pino-López, Juan Carlos; Cruz-Romero, Pedro Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Agencia Estatal de Investigación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (AEI/FEDER UE) ENE2017-89669-R; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP196: Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica
This paper presents the main features of a 3D FEMbased modelling framework of submarine three-core power cables with the final aim of estimating the ampacity of this type of cables when operating at certain conditions (buried in the seabed in steady-state). This assessment provides valuable information for the cable manufacturer during the design stage and for the owner of the evacuation line mostly in the planning stage, apart from being used as a reference for the development of other less computationally intensive analytic models. Moreover, the paper analyzes the impact that some design parameters have on the temperature of the cable, providing same concluding remarks.
Hybrid 2D/3D fully coupled electrothermal model for three-core submarine armored cables
(COMSOL, 2020) Del-Pino-López, Juan Carlos; Cruz-Romero, Pedro Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP196: Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica
The computation of the power losses in submarine three-core lead sheathed armored cables is overestimated by the IEC 60287 standard, and hence its size and cost. 3D finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics have proved to provide accurate results in losses computation thanks to recent advances that help in reducing the model length by applying rotated periodicity boundary conditions [1,2]. However, for obtaining the ampacity of a particular cable a fully coupled 3D electrothermal model would require a highly detailed 3D geometry, something that can be difficult due to the special operations required to create and mesh the geometry for applying such boundary conditions [3].
Análisis Electromagnético de Cables Submarinos Trifásicos Armados Mediante Modelos 3D [Póster]
(COMSOL Multiphysics, 2019-06) Del-Pino-López, Juan Carlos; Cruz-Romero, Pedro Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP196: Sistemas de Energía Eléctrica
El alto coste económico de los parques eólicos offshore requiere optimizar su diseño y caracterización, como es el caso de los cables trifásicos armados de interconexión y exportación de la energía. Hasta ahora estos cables se han caracterizado en base a suposiciones erróneas derivadas de geometrías 2D que omiten el efecto del trenzado de fases y armadura (Figura 1), lo que lleva a cables sobredimensionados [1-3]. Un análisis en 3D se hace necesario para un adecuado diseño y caracterización de estos cables, pero su complejidad requiere de elevados recursos y tiempos de computación
State estimation in MV distribution networks: experience in the Spanish smart grid project PRICE-GDI
(2016) González, R.; Bocos, M.; Maza Ortega, José María; Romero Ramos, Esther; Díaz, I.; Gastalver Rubio, Adolfo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
This paper shows a practical implementation of a state estimator for distribution systems in the context of the Spanish pilot project PRICE-GDI. The objective of this pilot project has been to develop a set of key technologies enabling the massive integration of renewable generation in distribution systems. Undoubtedly, dispatch centres involving advanced algorithm such as distribution state estimators and volt/var controllers are necessary for this challenge. This paper has analysed the implementation of a state estimator taken into account all the specific characteristics of the distribution systems: large proportion of injections in the measurement set, long and short lines coming to the same bus, presence of current flow measurements to the detriment of power flows, high R/X ratios and, mainly, reduced number of on-line measurements. As a matter of fact, this last issue is the responsible of the lack of observability of the system being necessary to incorporate to the classical estimation algorithm a load allocation procedure providing a number of pseudomeasurements. This paper proposes to use a methodology using Daily Load Curves (DLCs) to allocate the load of the Distribution Transformers (DTs) which obtain better results that the ones obtained using a classical procedure resorting on the contracted power of DTs. The paper is structured as follows. First, the introduction gives some information of the Spanish pilot project PRICE-GDI and the motivation of the paper. Then, a brief explanation of the state estimation algorithm specially intended for MV distribution networks follows. After that,the DMS architecture and how the algorithm has been integrated are described followed by a description of the feeder that has been used to test the algorithm and the main obtained results. Finally, the paper closes with the main conclusions.
Voltage sensitivity based technique for optimal placement of switched capacitors
(2005) Rodríguez Montañés, M.; Riquelme Santos, Jesús Manuel; Romero Ramos, Esther; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
This paper is about the development of a fast but exact enough technique to solve the optimal allocation and sizing of capacitors on power systems, no matter the voltage level. The proposed methodology is mainly characterized by assuming a linear behaviour for the reactive problem and having an objective function that minimizes the sum of the voltage magnitude deviations from the specified voltage limits squared, for all those buses with over/under voltages. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems, and on an existing distribution system with actual data. Results are compared with those of using an exact calculation of voltages
Computation of individual harmonics in digital relaying
(PSCC Central, 2002) Rosendo Macías, José Antonio; Gómez Expósito, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica
In this paper, a comparison of existing method for harmonic calculation in digital relaying is presented. Pros and cons of recursive, approximate non-recursive and exact non-recursive algorithms are discussed. A compromise between speed and numerical robustness is obtained by a recently introduced modification of the pruned short-time discrete Fourier transform

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