Influence of marginal bone loss on peri-implantitis: systematic review of literature

Abstract

Background: The marginal bone of dental implants is subjected to slight load modifications over time, conditioning implant survival. Objective: Perform a systematic review of the literature analyzing the factors that contribute to marginal bone loss (MBL) and the subsequent development of peri-implantitis. Material and Methods: Bibliographic research in the databases PubMed, Medline and Scopus between 2010 and 2018 was performed. The inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 10 years and that were in English or Spanish, that were carried out on humans, that were cohort studies, that included cases and controls or that used randomized clinical trials. Exclusion criteria removed articles that contained clinical cases, case series or systema tic reviews. Results: A total of 90 articles were analyzed that examined all the factors reported in the literature, such as idiosy ncratic factors, toxic habits, systemic drugs and implant characteristics (diameter, length, type surface, implant connection, implant design and type of platform at the moment of the prosthetic load). Discussion: Patient charac teristics and associated pathologies must be taken into account when assessing MBL. MBL in all dental implants can be considered independent of the type of prosthetic rehabilitation and the moment of load; this was emphasized. The MBL is smaller in dental implants with rough surfaces, switch platforms and infracrestal localization, as they are of multifactorial origin. Conclusions: All the reviewed articles maintain a common criterion regarding the concept and measurement of the MBL and highlighting the importance of radiodiagnosis for quantification. Longterm prospective studies with unified criteria are needed to reduce bias by identifying the most relevant factors in MBL.