dc.creator | Hassan, Halmat Jalal | es |
dc.creator | Hashim, Suhairul | es |
dc.creator | Sanusi, Mohamad Syazwan Mohd | es |
dc.creator | Bradley, David Andrew | es |
dc.creator | Alsubaie, Abdullah | es |
dc.creator | García-Tenorio García-Balmaseda, Rafael | es |
dc.creator | Bakri, Noor Fitriah | es |
dc.creator | Tahar, Rozman Mohd | es |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-07-19T11:51:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-07-19T11:51:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-02-01 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2076-3417 | es |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11441/135577 | |
dc.description.abstract | The use of thorium in providing the intense white luminescence emitted from gas mantles,
has a history of some 130 years, the initial application pre-dating by several decades large-scale
urban electric lighting. Accordingly, the thoriated gas mantle has proved itself to be of enormous
utility, remaining popular in more rural areas well into the 20th century, continuing to enjoy use in
campsites and street night markets lanterns until today. The discovery of thorium in 1828 preceded
the discovery of radioactivity, with subsequent little appreciation initially of any potential harm from
exposure to radioactivity. Study has been made herein of small quantities of five different types of the
thoriated gas mantle, all purchased online devoid of any control measures. Several approaches were
used concerning the 232Th activity and dose consequence. First, the activity of 232Th was estimated
using an HPGe detector, with sample M5 providing the greatest activity at 1.25 × 104 Bq, exceeding
the exemption limit for thorium in a mantle. Compared to sample M5, samples M1 to M4 were low
in radioactivity, from 5.1 ± 1.31 to 16.33 ± 1.92 Bq. Moreover, the thorium content in M5 constituted
50% of the mantle mass, somewhat greater than previous literature values. The dose equivalent rate
on the surface of a single M5 mantle was found to be 0.68 µSv/h, while at the surface of a pack of six
the level was 1.9 µSv/h. Monte Carlo simulation codes have been used to obtain organ equivalent
and effective dose rates, the greatest close contact (10 cm) exposure to an unlit mantle being to the
thymus, at 0.68 µSv/h and 0.62 µSv/h for a male and female phantom respectively. Accordingly,
with packages of thoriated gas mantles potentially giving rise to non-negligible equivalent doses,
greater incorporation of controls on the sale of such items in national radiation protection legislation
would seem worthy of consideration | es |
dc.format | application/pdf | es |
dc.format.extent | 11 p. | es |
dc.language.iso | eng | es |
dc.publisher | MDPI | es |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Gas lantern mantle | es |
dc.subject | Radioactive consumer products | es |
dc.subject | Monte Carlo simulation | es |
dc.title | The radioactivity of thorium incandescent gas lantern mantles | es |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es |
dcterms.identifier | https://ror.org/03yxnpp24 | |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | es |
dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es |
dc.contributor.affiliation | Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II | es |
dc.relation.projectID | R.J130000.7617.4C347 | es |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1311/pdf?version=1612180251 | es |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/app11031311 | es |
dc.contributor.group | Universidad de Sevilla.RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada | es |
dc.journaltitle | Applied Sciences | es |
dc.publication.volumen | 11 | es |
dc.publication.issue | 3(1311) | es |
dc.contributor.funder | Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia | es |