El patrimonio industrial agroalimentario en Andalucía: diagnóstico y directrices para su identificación y documentación

Abstract

At the beginning of the Contemporary Age, Andalusia presents a greater economic relevance of its agricultural sector both in comparison with the national and European territory. This agrarian and rural characteristic will characterize the Andalusian territory until the end of the twentieth century, when it takes second place in its economic structure. This process significantly affected the evolution of the Andalusian territory, affecting aspects related to its morphology and physical structure, as well as the gradual incorporation of mechanization and technologies, changes in the business model and its labor relations, and the new logistic dynamics created. In this paper we focus our attention on the heritage inherited from this process and present a diagnosis of the records of the Andalusian agro-alimentary industrial heritage currently documented in the Digital Guide of the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage (hereinafter, IAPH). The general objective is to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis to outline lines of action for further documentation and study. To this end, we have analyzed a total of 542 property records, covering 28 typologies and 7 activities. The methodology was developed in 6 stages: M1. Gathering and overview of the actions previously carried out in the framework of the documentation of the industrial heritage of Andalusia (Background); M2. Definition of the search criteria and selection of the sample; M3. Definition of criteria and parameters for quantitative and qualitative analysis; M4. Collection and analysis of the records; M5. Visualization of the analyses using graphs; M6. Interpretation of the results and proposal of actions. In the analyses carried out we have been able to detect differences in the number of records between provinces (greater number in Malaga, followed by Seville, Cordoba, Cadiz and Almeria) and between typologies and activities (greater number in the typologies of oil mills and hydraulic mills and in the activities of olive cultivation) Likewise, we have been able to draw up a qualitative diagnosis and observe that, of the 542 records analyzed, only 174 present complete information on the object, the province of Malaga being the one with the greatest deficiency in this aspect. However, when we analyze the graphic documentation (photography) collected in the Digital Guide, the province of Malaga is the best positioned. Thus, the results of the diagnosis show a series of statistical and graphic data that, together with the diagnosis of the other sectors of industrial heritage, will provide the basis for a more comprehensive and effective documentation and research strategy.