Artículos (Educación Física y Deporte)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11221

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Return-to-Play Criteria Following Lower Limb Muscle Injuries in Soccer: A Systematic Review with Evidence Synthesis
(Adis Int Ltd, 2026) Pecci Barea, Francisco Javier; van Dyk, Nicol; Myer, Gregory D; Sañudo Corrales, Francisco de Borja; Educación Física y Deporte; CTS972: Análisis Biológico y Funcional del Ejercicio Físico
Objective The objective was to systematically identify and categorize return-to-play (RTP) domains and criteria used following muscle injuries in male soccer players, and to describe the certainty of the evidence according to the number, design and methodological quality of the studies implementing RTP criteria within each domain. Methods In total, six databases were searched up to 10 March 2024. Studies reporting RTP criteria for hamstring, adductor, quadriceps, and calf injuries, as well as general criteria for all muscle injuries, were included. The certainty of evidence for RTP criteria was assessed on the basis of the studies citing each criterion. Results Out of 58,057 records, 135 studies met the inclusion criteria. Strength and pain criteria are the most cited tests for determining RTP clearance following hamstring injuries, particularly criteria related to between-limb knee flexors/extensors strength symmetry and no pain during soccer-specific actions. Range of motion criteria (active knee extension, passive and active straight leg raise, and Askling-H tests) and subjective readiness demonstrated the highest certainty of evidence in RTP decision making after hamstring injuries. RTP criteria following adductor injuries showed a moderate-to-very-low certainty of evidence across domains. Criteria for quadriceps and calf injuries ranged from low to very low evidence, while general lower limb muscle injury criteria had only very low evidence. Following adductor injuries, the highest evidence (moderate) was shown by pain assessments and completing at least one full team training session. Conclusions Symmetry between limbs in knee flexor and extensor strength combined with no pain during soccer-specific actions were the most frequently implemented RTP criteria for hamstring injuries. In addition, range of motion evaluation (i.e., active knee extension, passive and active straight leg raise, and Askling-H tests) and subjective readiness assessments have been more consistently employed in higher-quality intervention studies than other domains following hamstring injuries in soccer players. Pain assessments, completing at least one full team training session and restoring strength levels are the most cited criteria for RTP following adductor injuries. The evidence base describing RTP criteria for quadriceps and calf injuries is limited and is not implemented in randomized controlled trials with high methodological quality, highlighting the need for further robust research in these domains. Trial Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42022363836.
Safe Fall: Use of Predictive Modeling and Machine Vision Techniques for Fall Analysis and Fall Quality
(Mdpi, 2026) Castillo Andrés, Óscar del; Fernández-García, R; Pastor-Vicedo, J C; Lira, M. A; Campos Mesa, María del Carmen; Castañeda Vázquez, Carolina; Genovesi, G; Krstulović, S; Kuvačić, G; Morvay-Sey, K; Sánchez-Reolid, R; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1092: Investigación en Actividad Física, Calidad de Vida y Educación Física
Falls are a leading cause of paediatric injuries, yet school-based prevention relies heavily on subjective observation rather than objective biomechanical assessment. This paper introduces the Safe Fall framework, integrating a judo-inspired educational programme with an occlusion-robust computer vision pipeline to quantify safe falling strategies. We analysed video recordings of 285 schoolchildren using a multi-stage architecture combining YOLOv8 for detection, SAM 2 for segmentation, and MMPose for skeletal tracking. The intervention yielded significant improvements in 60% of kinematic metrics (p < 0.05), most notably a +61.4% increase in descent rate and expanded rolling ranges, indicating a shift from hazardous “freezing” behaviours to controlled energy dissipation. Unsupervised clustering confirmed a migration of students towards safe motor profiles, while a Random Forest classifier achieved an accuracy of 98.3% and an AUC of 0.998 in distinguishing fall quality. These findings demonstrate that integrating pedagogical training with automated vision modelling provides a scalable and evidence-based approach for reducing injury risk in real-world school environments.
Machine learning insights into recommendation intention: evidence from the fitness industry
(Springer Nature, 2026) Alonso Dos Santos, Manuel; García Fernández, Jerónimo; Fuentes-Solis, Rodrigo; Zarco, Carmen; Educación Física y Deporte; SEJ525: Gestión e Innovación en Servicios Deportivos, Ocio y Recreación
Recommendation intention, or the Net Promoter Score (NPS, in the terminology of fitness centers), is a tool that condenses into a single indicator the willingness of customers to recommend a service. It is important because it has become a widely used proxy for loyalty, brand advocacy, and growth, and fitness managers are very familiar with its interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to examine its validity and determinants with greater academic rigor, particularly in experiential services such as fitness, where competition and customer churn are critical. This study applies explainable machine learning techniques to predict recommendation intention using a sample of 15,822 users from 9 fitness center chains in Spain. Five widely established algorithms were employed (Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, and Extreme Gradient Boosting), evaluated with classification metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. The results show that satisfaction, emotions, and renewal intention are the most relevant predictors, achieving accuracy levels above 80%. Furthermore, the application of interpretability techniques offers a clear ranking of key variables, with practical implications for loyalty management and the design of customer-oriented marketing strategies. This work contributes to the literature by combining large-scale empirical evidence from the fitness sector with advanced data analytics and opens the way for replication in other experience-intensive service industries.
Long COVID and physical function in the scientific literature: a bibliometric analysis in Scopus and Web of Science
(Springer Nature, 2026) Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Estébanez-Pérez, María José; Salas-Gómez, Diana; Rodal, Miguel; Adsuar, José Carmelo; Pozo Cruz, Jesús del; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1055: Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespan
Background It is estimated that following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, about 10% of people experience persistent symptoms lasting more than 3 to 4 weeks, a condition known as long COVID syndrome. Amongst its various sequelae is impairment of physical function or functional ability. Given the growing social impact of this condition, the dissemination of knowledge in this area is essential. Bibliometric analysis provides valuable information on research trends and hotspots, helping to guide future studies and inform evidence-based interventions. Aims The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research on long COVID syndrome and Physical Function. Method A total of 213 single documents indexed in the Scopus (205) and WOS core collection (181) database were analysed using the traditional laws of bibliometrics. Results It was found that annual publications have experienced exponential growth from 2020 to 2024, based on the data available at the time of the bibliographic search. Amongst the prolific authors, four production clusters were found, with Eleuterio A. Sánchez-Romero emerging as the most productive author. Spain and Brazil were the countries with the high est number of publications. The journals of the MDPI publishing house contributed the most papers to the object of study, especially the Journal of Clinical Medicine and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Rehabilitation, fatigue, quality of life, and exercise were four of the main keywords used by the authors. Conclusions The observed growth in publications suggests increasing research attention to long COVID syndrome and physi cal function; however, further research is still needed to establish physical function assessment protocols, patient profiles, and effective exercise-based rehabilitation programmes.
La enseñanza investigativa en la formación del profesorado de Educación Física y Deporte
(Instituto Nacional d'Educació Fisica de Catalunya, 2026) Alfonzo Marín, Arnoldo; Cachón Zagalaz, Javier; Clodoaldo Enríquez, Lázaro; Castillo Andrés, Óscar del; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1092: Investigación en Actividad Física, Calidad de Vida y Educación Física
El desarrollo de habilidades investigadoras en el profesorado de Educación Física y Deporte es crucial para su desarrollo profesional, así como para mejorar el proceso educativo. Mediante un enfoque mixto y un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo, el presente estudio tenía por meta diagnosticar los métodos que priorizan los docentes en la enseñanza de la investigación dentro de la formación del profesorado de Educación Física y Deporte, así como evaluar el estado de sus competencias investigadoras. Se empleó el formulario ALCADE de competencias investigadoras para docentes y entrevistas estructuradas para analizar las percepciones y prácticas del profesorado. Los datos, procesados con IBM SPSS y ATLAS.ti, revelaron que el 50 % del profesorado implicado en programas de formación investigadora utiliza principalmente metodologías tradicionales, con un énfasis excesivo en las clases expositivas y magistrales, lo que contribuye a la pasividad del alumnado. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la urgencia de contextualizar la enseñanza de la investigación y de adoptar metodologías innovadoras en la formación del profesorado de Educación Física y Deporte, con el fin de crear un diseño didáctico más dinámico y eficaz
Impact of Prior Fatigue on Velocity Loss as a Set-Termination Criterion in the Bench Press Exercise
(De Gruyter Open LTD, 2026) Rodiles Guerrero, Luís; Bachero Mena, Beatriz; Sánchez Moreno, Miguel; Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo; Educación Física y Deporte
This study analyzed the relationship between the percentage of completed repetitions with respect to the maximum that can be performed (%Rep) and the velocity loss (VL) in the bench press exercise after a previous effort (PE). Fourteen men performed four protocols (one week apart) consisting of a set to failure with 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) preceded by a PE with the same load but different VL magnitude (0%: PE0, 20%: PE20, 40%: PE40, and 60% of VL: PE60). Velocity against 60% 1RM (V60-load) and blood lactate concentration were measured after each PE. The relationship %Rep-VL was obtained through the coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error of estimate (SEE). Absolute reliability and differences during the set to failure were calculated. V60-load decreased significantly in all protocols (except PE0) (p ≤ 0.05). Blood lactate concentration increased with the magnitude of effort (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the relationship %Rep-%VL, as the %VL increased during the PE, the R2 decreased and the SEE increased. %Rep showed “satisfactory” absolute reliability above 15%VL, with the absolute differences being high-moderate (<10%) for all VL magnitudes (except PE0-40 with 60%VL). VL is a reliable and accurate set termination criterion with a PE of any magnitude, but higher reliability is observed with low-moderate levels of fatigue
Impact of hospitalizations on physical function among older adults: A 13 year longitudinal study
(Elsevier, 2026) Ramos Munell, Javier; Corral Pernía, Juan Antonio; Gallardo Gomez, Daniel; Pozo Cruz, Jesús del; Del Pozo Cruz, Borja; Alfonso Rosa, Rosa Mª; Reguera Rodríguez, Manuel; Ceballos Sánchez, José Luís; Chacón Borrego, Fátima; Galan Lopez, Pablo; Pérez Sousa, Miguel Ángel; Álvarez Barbosa, Francisco; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1055: Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespan
Objectives: To examine the impact of hospitalizations on objectively assessed physical function among older adults and to determine whether age, sex, and social environment moderate this association. Study design: A longitudinal observational study using data from 13 waves (2011 2023) of the U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study. The analytic sample included 72,705 observations from 18,439 adults aged 65 years or more. Fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate within-person changes in physical function associated with hospitalizations, adjusting for time-varying sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Main outcome measures: Physical function was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery, an objective assessment of balance, gait speed, and lower-body strength. Hospitalizations were self-reported annually. Results: Each additional hospitalization was associated with a 0.26-point decrease in Short Physical Performance Battery score (95% CI –0.29 to 0.23) in the fully adjusted model. Age significantly moderated this relationship, with greater declines in score observed among the oldest participants. In contrast, sex did not significantly modify the effect of hospitalization on physical function. Conclusions: Hospitalizations exert a cumulative and detrimental effect on the physical function of older adults. These findings highlight the need for preventive strategies to reduce hospital admissions and for comprehensive post-hospital rehabilitation programs aimed at maintaining or restoring functional independence, particularly among the oldest age groups, who are the most vulnerable to declines following hospitalization
Effects of different velocity loss thresholds on strength, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during bench press training in women
(Inst Sport, 2026) Rodiles Guerrero, Luís; Cano-Castillo, C; Cornejo Daza, Pedro Jesús; Sánchez-Valdepeña, J; Sañudo Corrales, Francisco de Borja; Sánchez Moreno, Miguel; Bachero Mena, Beatriz; Pareja Blanco, F; Educación Física y Deporte; Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo; CTS972: Análisis Biológico y Funcional del Ejercicio Físico
This study aimed to compare the effect of three velocity loss (VL) thresholds – 0% (VL0: one repetition per set), 25% (VL25), and 50% (VL50) – on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during the bench press (BP) exercise. Forty-nine resistance-trained women were randomly assigned to three groups that followed an 8-week (16 sessions) BP training program using intensities ranging from 70% to 85% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Training groups differed in the VL achieved in each set (VL0, VL25, and VL50). Assessments performed before and after the training program included: 1) muscle thickness of the triceps brachii (TB); 2) maximal isometric test; 3) progressive loading test; and 4) fatigue test, all in the BP exercise. Electromyography signal was recorded from TB during these tests. Although all groups obtained significant gains in all strength variables, VL50 showed greater gains in 1RM strength and velocity against heavy loads than VL0 (group × time interaction: P < 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Significant improvements in the force-time variables and electromyography amplitude (P = 0.01, with light loads) were observed exclusively in the VL25 group. Additionally, only VL50 exhibited significant increases in TB muscle thickness (P = 0.01). The greater the VL threshold, the more positive the effects on performance against heavy loads and muscle hypertrophy. Moderate VL thresholds improved the ability to produce force at high velocity and led to positive neuromuscular adaptations. Performing only one repetition per set was enough to improve strength in intermediate-trained women but was insufficient to maximize strength gains
Effects of velocity loss with blood flow restriction in full squat on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy
(Inst Sport, 2026) Sánchez Valdepeñas, J; Rodiles Guerrero, Luís; Cornejo Daza. Pedro Jesús; Paez Maldonado, José Antonio; Cano-Castillo, C; Bachero Mena, Beatriz; Sánchez Moreno, Miguel; González Badillo, JJ; De Villarreal, ES; Pareja Blanco, F; Educación Física y Deporte; Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo
To analyse the effects of four full squat (SQ) training programmes with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) with blood flow restriction (BFR) implementation on muscle size, lower limb strength, and neuromuscular adaptations. Forty-six strength-trained men carried out an 8-week (16 sessions) SQ training programme with BFR that differed in the VL attained within the set: BFR 0% VL (BFR0, n = 11), BFR 10% VL (BFR10, n = 11), BFR 20% VL (BFR20, n = 11), and BFR 40% VL (BFR40, n = 13). The same inter-set recovery (2 minutes), sets (3), intensity (from 55% to 70% 1RM), and level of BFR (50% of arterial occlusion pressure) were established for all groups. Before and after the training intervention, the following tests were carried out: 1) vastus lateralis muscle size; 2) countermovement jump; 3) maximal isometric SQ test; 4) progressive loading SQ test; and 5) fatigue SQ test. Muscle hypertrophy increased as the VL increased (“group × time” interaction: p = 0.013). Only BFR20 significantly improved force production at various time intervals (“group × time” interactions: p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, effect sizes suggest that low-to-moderate VL thresholds maximize the improvements in SQ strength against different loads (BFR0: 0.47–1.75; BFR10: 0.61–1.96; BFR20: 0.71–2.18; BFR40: 0.38–1.53). In BFR contexts, low-to-moderate VL thresholds should be prescribed to optimize leg strength performance. Extremely low VL (i.e., 0%) seemed insufficient to maximize strength gains, while higher VL thresholds are more effective for promoting muscle hypertrophy but may somewhat compromise strength improvements.
Evaluación de aprendizajes en la formación inicial: perspectivas del profesorado sobre coherencia, motivación y desafíos.
(Centro de Información Tecnológica, 2026) Gallardo Fuentes, Francisco Javier; Carter Thuillier, Bastian; Flores Aguilar, Gonzalo; Gallardo Fuentes, Jorge Eduardo; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1061: Inclusión Social, Educación Física y Deporte, y Políticas Europeas en Investigación
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las percepciones del profesorado universitario sobre la coherencia, la motivación y los desafíos de la evaluación en la FIPEF (Formación Inicial del Profesorado en Educación Física) de la macro zona sur de Chile. La evaluación FIPEF constituye un eje central para garantizar procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje adecuados, pero persisten desafíos vinculados a la implementación coherente con los marcos normativos actuales. Se aplica un cuestionario tipo Likert a 99 docentes de dos cohortes (2015– 19: n=44; 2020–24: n=55). Los resultados muestran que la cohorte más reciente manifiesta valoraciones más positivas respecto a la coherencia entre competencias, metodologías y evaluación, destacando el uso de portafolios, observación y cuadernos de campo. Sin embargo, persisten valoraciones que dan cuenta de un uso similar de instrumentos tradicionales y condiciones estructurales que limitan el cambio. Se concluye que es necesario profundizar la formación en evaluación formativa, fortalecer el diálogo pedagógico y promover procesos de investigación-acción como estrategias de mejora continua.
Fall risk prediction in older adults: a generalized linear mixed-effect model analysis based on physical performance measures
(Elsevier, 2026) Ceballos Sánchez, José Luís; Ramos Munell, Javier; Reguera Rodríguez, Manuel; Pozo Cruz, Jesús del; Pozo Cruz, Borja del; Álvarez Barbosa, Francisco; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1055: Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespan
Background: Falls areamajorcauseofmorbidity,lossofindependence,andmortalityamongolderadults,particularly thosewithosteoarthritis(OA).Traditionalfall-riskassessmentsoftenrelyoncategoricalthresholdsofphysi cal performancetests,whichmaynotcapturethecontinuousandmultifactorialnatureoffallrisk. Objectives: This studyaimedtodevelopaprobabilisticmodelforfall-riskpredictioninolderadultsbyexamining the associationbetweencontinuousphysicalperformancemeasuressuchasthe5-TimesSit-to-Stand(5-STS)test, gait speed,lower-limbpower,andkeycategoricalclinicalanddemographicvariablessuchasage,sex,OAstatus, hearing impairment,andpain. Methods: The studyprovidesupto13yearsoffollow-updataacrossmultiplewaves,withannualsamplesizes ranging fromapproximately3800to8600participants,totaling77,464repeatedobservationsfrom18,023 unique participantsaged65yearsandolder.DatawereobtainedfromtheNationalHealthandAgingTrends Study (NHATS),conductedintheUnitedStates.Falloccurrencewasmodeledusingageneralizedlinearmixed model (GLMM)withabinomialdistribution.Independentvariablesincluded5-STSduration,5-STSpower,and gait speed,adjustedforage,sex,hearingimpairment,pain,andOA. Results: The 5-STSpowermodelprovidedthebest fit (AIC=17,583.9;R² = 0.7667),indicatingthatgreater lower-limb strengthwasprotectiveagainstfalls(OR=0.87,95% CI 0.84−0.90). Longer5-STSduration (OR =1.03,95% CI 1.02−1.04) andslowergaitspeed(OR=1.45,95% CI 1.32−1.59) wereassociatedwith increased fallrisk. Conclusion: Continuous measuresoflower-limbperformance,5-STSpower,providesuperiorpredictivevaluefor fall riskcomparedtotraditionalcategoricalassessments.These findings supportindividualized,data-driven approaches tofallpreventionamongolderadults.Futureresearchshouldvalidatethese findings inexternal cohorts andexploreadditionalconfounderstoenhancegeneralizabilityandclinicalapplicability. Database registration: This studyisasecondaryanalysisofpubliclyavailabledatafromtheNationalHealthand Aging TrendsStudy(NHATS, https://www.nhats.org/researcher). Noseparatedatabaseregistrationorclinical trial registrationapplies
How to Safely and Effectively Apply High-Intensity Strength Training in Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Report
(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, 2026) Muñoz López, Alejandro; Reverte Pagola, Gonzalo; Fernández Echeverría, Carmen; González Silva, Jara; Salmeron, Elvira Puga; Fernandez, Felix Sanchez; Educación Física y Deporte; Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo; CTS972: Análisis Biológico y Funcional del Ejercicio Físico
Introduction: High-intensity Resistance Training (RT) is gaining attention as a potential non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate functional and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, its feasibility, safety, and real-world dosing parameters remain poorly documented in individuals with prodromal AD or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This case report presents a supervised, high-intensity flywheel RT intervention applied to an older adult with prodromal AD (GDS-3), offering detailed monitoring of physiological responses and objective mechanical performance rarely described in the literature. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 69-year-old man diagnosed with prodromal AD (GDS- 3). After a 3-week period of assessment and familiarization, he completed a 16-week supervised high-intensity flywheel RT program (two sessions/week; seated row, chest press, front half-squat; 5 × 20-s sets per exercise; 0.025-0.050 kg·m² inertia). Pre-and post-assessments included physical fitness (gait speed, dual-task tests, sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, 6-min walk), cognition (ADASCog, Trail Making Test A/B, INECO Frontal Screening), quality of life (SF-36), and motivation (RSE, BREQ-2, BPNES). Blood pressure and blood lactate were monitored, and mechanical performance was recorded for every repetition. The intervention was safe, with no musculoskeletal adverse events. The patient showed improvements in lower-limb functional performance, particularly dual-task gait speed and sit-to-stand, alongside increases in self-esteem and external motivation. Overall quality of life remained stable except for a decline in social functioning. Cognitive outcomes showed domain-specific changes, with slight worsening in memory and attention but a small improvement in executive function. Systolic blood pressure decreased progressively across sessions, while lactate responses indicated consistently high metabolic demand. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that supervised H-MIRT can be delivered safely and feasibly in a patient with prodromal AD, improving functional performance and motivation while largely maintaining quality of life. These observations highlight the potential utility of high-effort RT as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy in early AD, warranting further investigation in larger controlled studies with biomarker and neuroimaging outcomes
Clinical utility of a quick and easy-to-use international tool for assessing and identifying impaired physical fitness in people with severe mental illness – The PsychiActive project
(Elesevier, 2026) López Moral, Álvaro; Munguia Izquierdo, Diego; Bueno Antequera, Javier; Educación Física y Deporte; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) is a leading cause of mortality, disability, and frailty, largely driven by physical multimorbidity. Physical fitness is a strong predictor of health outcomes, yet routine assessment is rarely implemented in SMI due to limited resources. Self-reported tools may offer a feasible alternative, although their validity and clinical utility remain unclear. This study evaluated the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in SMI. Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, 234 adults with SMI (18–65 years, 62 females) completed the IFIS and a battery of objective physical fitness tests. Convergent validity was assessed using ANOVA and ANCOVA. Test–retest reliability over two weeks was assessed using weighted kappa and percentage agreement. Clinical utility was evaluated using area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Results: The IFIS effectively discriminated objective physical fitness across all domains and response categories in adults with severe mental illness (p < 0.005), with lower self-reported fitness consistently associated with poorer objective performance. Test–retest reliability was fair for the five-response scale (κ = 0.22–0.32) and improved after category reduction (κ = 0.26–0.50). The highest positive predictive value was observed for muscular strength (75%) and cardiorespiratory fitness (46%). The IFIS showed moderate discriminatory accuracy for cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility (AUC = 0.64 for both domains). Mean completion time was 1.8 ± 1.2 min. Conclusions: The IFIS is a valid, reliable, and time-efficient tool for identifying impaired physical fitness in adults with SMI.
Cognitive functioning in the injury risk of ACL injuries in athletes: a scoping review
(University of Ljubljana, 2026) González Alcántara, Javier Alcantara; Romero Moraleda, Blanca; Del Hoyo Lora, Moisés; Carrasco Páez, Luis; Educación Física y Deporte; CTS972: Análisis Biológico y Funcional del Ejercicio Físico
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries should be considered through a neurocognitive perspective, not only as a neuromuscular or biomechanical issue, so that neurocognitive testing could be considered in athletes’ assessments. The present scoping review aims to summarize and map a range of studies about cognitive functioning in the injury likelihood of ACL injuries among athletes, providing a starting framework of the tests and cognitive domains that are usually assessed. Six databases were searched between the 28 January 2024 to 8 February 2024. Studies were included when containing participants who participated in any sport and in which cognitive assessments were investigated. Author and year, characteristics of participants, objectives, measured variables and results were extracted. A total of 9 articles were scoped. The majority of studies are based on mixed assessment (cognitive and biomechanical measures) (n=7) using inhibitory control and working memory as the main cognitive domains (n=5 and n=4, respectively). To assess these domains, the most common tests used are: Stroop test (inhibitory control) and Digit Span Test (working memory). We have summarized and mapped 9 studies about neurocognitive functioning in the injury risk of ACL injuries in athletes. The most common cognitive domains are inhibitory control and working memory and the most used tests are Stroop test and Digit Span Test for the domains mentioned respectively. This could represent valuable information for physiotherapists, rehab fitness coaches, and strength and conditioning coaches to begin to consider introducing them into their daily practice
Design and validation of a qualitative interview for the study of the role of physical activity in urban public spaces in the social inclusion of immigrant women (Spanish version)
(Frontiers Media, 2026) Blanco Ayala, Ana; Magnanini, A; Medina Rebollo, Daniel; Fernández Gavira, Jesús; Educación Física y Deporte; HUM1061: Inclusión Social, Educación Física y Deporte, y Políticas Europeas en Investigación
Introduction/objective: This study aimed to validate a semi-structured qualitative interview developed to examine how physical activity in urban public spaces contributes to processes of social inclusion and acculturation among immigrant women; Methods: A mixed-method validation process was carried out with the participation of five experts in social sciences, sport studies, and qualitative research. The evaluation combined quantitative measures - using Aiken’s V and the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) - with qualitative assessments. Experts also provided detailed feedback regarding the clarity, coherence, cultural sensitivity, and thematic balance of the proposed items; Results: The quantitative analysis showed high levels of content validity, with mean values of Aiken’s V = 0.89 and CVC = 0.88, confirming strong agreement on the relevance and clarity of the items. Qualitative feedback highlighted the need for adjustments in wording, reorganization of sections, and the inclusion of items addressing family context, migration trajectories, and gender-related perceptions. Following these recommendations, the interview was expanded from 44 to 54 items, structured across ten thematic sections; Discussion/conclusion: The resulting instrument offers a useful and flexible methodological tool to investigate the experiences of immigrant women in relation to physical activity and participation in urban public spaces, while incorporating dimensions of social inclusion, acculturation, and gender. Its capacity for adaptation makes it valuable for future studies related to these topics across diverse contexts.
Designing the Ideal Crew-The Ringelmann vs. Köhler Effects in Adolescent Rowers
(Mdpi, 2026) Gavala González, Juan; González, JG; Fernández-García, JC; Porras-García, E; Educación Física y Deporte
This study examined whether the Ringelmann and Köhler effects emerge in adolescent rowing by assessing how crew size influences performance, physiological responses and perceived exertion in youth rowers aged 14–17 years. A total of 136 competitive rowers (mean age = 15.79 ± 1.14 years) completed four three-minute maximal-effort trials on a rowing ergometer under four conditions: individual trials, two-person crews, four- person crews and eight-person crews. Objective performance indicators, including stroke rate, heart rate and perceived exertion (Borg scale), were recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that objective performance indicators (distance and power output) remained largely stable across conditions and age groups, although some isolated and non-systematic differences with large intra-subject effect sizes emerged in the younger category (14–15 years), particularly in the two-person crew condition. In contrast, the stroke rate differed consistently across crew sizes, with higher values observed in the eight- person crew condition in both age groups. Cardiovascular responses showed minimal and transient variation between conditions. Perceived exertion differed markedly by age, with older rowers (16–17 years) reporting significantly higher effort during individual trials compared with crew-based conditions, without corresponding gains in objective performance. Overall, although crew size influenced the regulation and perception of effort, the findings do not provide support for a consistent expression of either the Ringelmann or Köhler effects in adolescent rowing, as no systematic performance losses or motivational gains among weaker crew members were evident. These results suggest that developmental differences in self-regulation and effort perception may play a more prominent role than crew size alone in shaping performance responses, with practical implications for training design and crew configuration in youth rowing
Diferencias por sexo en el rendimiento de la musculatura inspiratoria y el salto durante un test de velocidad crítica en nadadores jóvenes
(Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica (FEADEF), 2026) Monterrubio Fernández, Germán; Sañudo Corrales, Francisco de Borja ; Feria Madueño, Adrian; Educación Física y Deporte; CTS972: Análisis Biológico y Funcional del Ejercicio Físico
Introducción: La musculatura inspiratoria desempeña un papel determinante en el rendimiento de los nadadores, influyendo en la eficiencia ventilatoria, la fatiga y la capacidad de recuperación. No obstante, la evidencia sobre diferencias por sexo en parámetros específicos de fuerza y flujo inspiratorio, como el Strength Index (S-INDEX) y el Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF), sigue siendo limitada. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la musculatura inspiratoria (S-INDEX y PIF) y el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) durante un test de velocidad crítica (CSS) en nadadores jóvenes Método: Treinta nadadores competitivos (17 mujeres, 13 hombres) realizaron un test de CSS (400 m y 100 m estilo libre). Se registraron S-INDEX y PIF con PowerBreathe K5 y las variables del CMJ con MyJump2 antes (E1), durante (E2) y después del test (E3). Resultados: Los hombres presentaron valores significativamente superiores de S-INDEX y PIF en los tres momentos (p < 0.001). Se observó un efecto del tiempo en ambas variables, con incremento entre E1 y E2 y estabilización posterior, sin interacción sexo × tiempo. La altura del CMJ fue mayor en hombres (p < 0.001) y disminuyó significativamente al final del protocolo (p< 0.001), sin interacción sexo × tiempo. En el conjunto total de la muestra, S-INDEX y PIF mostraron asociaciones positivas moderadas y significativas con el CMJ (r = 0.48–0.49; p = 0.007) ycon la CSS (r = 0.53–0.56; p = 0.003–0.001), mientras que las asociaciones estratificadas por sexo no alcanzaron significación estadística. Conclusiones: Los varones presentan valores absolutos más altos de S-INDEX y PIF, con una evolución temporal similar en ambos sexos durante el test de CSS. La estabilidad de los índices inspiratorios junto con la disminución del CMJ sugiere una mayor carga neuromuscular queventilatoria. S-INDEX y PIF se asocian moderadamente con CMJ y CSS en el total de la muestra y deben interpretarse de forma contextualizada por sexo
Formación Permanente: Necesidades del Profesorado de Educación Física de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria/ Bachillerato/Formación Profesional en Andalucía
(Universidad Católica de Murcia, 2026) Serrano Brazo, Mauricio; Rodríguez Sánchez, Augusto Rembrandt; Ramírez Macías, Gonzalo; Educación Física y Deporte
La formación permanente del profesorado está asociada al desarrollo profesional docente y a la continua transformación social de todos los agentes de la comunidad educativa. El objetivo de esta investigación es averiguar las necesidades en relación con la formación permanente que manifiestan los docentes de Educación Física en la etapa de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria/Bachillerato/FP en Andalucía. La presente investigación ha empleado el diseño de estudio de caso único embebido, utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada para la recogida de datos de la muestra (n = 20), a los que se aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido por medio del software Atlas.ti, v. 8.4. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos mediante la aplicación de los ciclos de codificación evidencia ocho temas. Destaca la formación inicial y continua del profesorado, así como las características propias de los docentes de la especialidad. La formación permanente ofrecida desde los Centros del Profesorado (CEP) se identifica como descontextualizada, falta de especificidad y con un alto componente teórico; aunque una ratio elevada y la excesiva burocratización son los aspectos que más preocupan en la profesión. En conclusión, se precisa impulsar acciones de cambio donde el profesorado obtenga un mayor reconocimiento al proponer acciones formativas, así como por participar en calidad de asistente de las mismas. Además, el profesorado propone que sus necesidades formativas funcionen como eje central para ofrecer una formación permanente contextualizada.
“I didn't want physical education days to come”: Emotional experiences in physical education of prospective primary education teachers
(Elsevier, 2026) Flores Aguilar, Gonzalo; Ríos Sisó, Xènia; Muñoz Llerena, Antonio; Educación Física y Deporte; Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo; HUM1061: Inclusión Social, Educación Física y Deporte, y Políticas Europeas en Investigación
Background: Physical Education (PE), despite its potential to promote holistic development, often suffers from low educational and social status. Traditional pedagogical approaches may generate negative emotional experiences that shape long-term attitudes toward physical activity, particularly among females. Aims: This study aimed to (1) describe and compare the primary emotions experienced by prospective primary education teachers during PE classes in Compulsory Primary Education (CPE) and Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE), and (2) analyze the underlying factors associated with these emotional experiences. Sample: The sample consisted of 56 female students (aged 19–27) enrolled in the “Fundamentals and Curriculum of Physical Education” course at a public university in southern Spain during the 2023/2024 academic year. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was employed using written autobiographical narratives. Participants reflected on positive and negative PE experiences across CPE and CSE, identifying perceived causes and associated emotional states. Data were analyzed through Qualitative Content Analysis, specifically thematic analysis, using NVivo 14. Results: Joy emerged as the predominant emotion during CPE, associated with diverse content, cooperative activities, and opportunities for emotional release. In contrast, anger and fear were dominant in CSE, largely linked to physical fitness testing, performance-based grading, and experiences of body exposure. Key negative themes included the “captain” technique for team selection, the dominance of soccer during free play, repetitive content, traditional assessment methods, and discriminatory teacher behaviors (e.g., sexism and weight bias). Conclusion: The findings highlight persistent gender inequalities and the prevalence of traditional pedagogical practices in PE, particularly in secondary education, which contribute to negative emotional experiences. These experiences may shape future teaching approaches, underscoring the need to reform pre-service teacher education to promote gender equity, reduce discrimination, and adopt more inclusive and innovative pedagogies.
The effects of service convenience and perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in low-cost fitness centers
(Elsevier, 2018) García Fernández, Jerónimo; Gálvez Ruiz, Pablo; Fernández Gavira, Jesús; Vélez Colón, Luisa; Pitts, Brenda; Bernal García, Ainara; Educación Física y Deporte
Due to its importance in fitness centers, a number of authors have explored and analyzed loyalty. However, two characteristics not yet examined are service convenience in fitness center chains and low-cost fitness centers (an emerging business model). In the present study, the authors sought to understand the relationship among perceived quality and service convenience on perceived value, satisfaction, and client loyalty in low-cost fitness centers. Clients (N = 763; 381 women and 382 men) from three low-cost Spanish fitness centers were surveyed, revealing a positive relationship among the variables studied. Findings demonstrate the importance of proper management of non-monetary sacrifices and perceived quality by the managers of these sport organizations, since client loyalty could depend on factors of these emerging sport models.

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