Artículos (Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos)
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Artículo Integrating “nature” in the water-energy-food Nexus: Current perspectives and future directions(Elsevier, 2025-02) Lucca, Enrico; Kofinas, Dimitris; Avellán, Tamara; Kleemann , Janina; Mooren, Caro E.; Blicharska, Margorzata; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; European Union (UE). H2020Integrated approaches for managing natural resources are said to meet increasing demand for water, energy, and food, while maintaining the integrity of ecosystems, and ensuring equitable access to resources. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus has been proposed as a cross-sectoral approach to manage trade-offs and exploit synergies that arise among these sectors. Although not initially included as a component of the Nexus, the role of nature in sustaining the water, energy, and food sectors and in regulating their interrelationships is increasingly recognised by Nexus researchers and practitioners. To converge existing approaches that integrate nature into the WEF Nexus and suggest a common framework, we – an interdisciplinary group of natural resources management researchers and systems thinkers from the European research network NEXUSNET COST Action – followed a collaborative process of knowledge creation combining literature review, elicitation of expert opinion and collaborative writing. Our results reveal a multiplicity of concepts utilised in the literature to represent, partially or fully, “nature” in the Nexus, such as “environment”, “ecosystems”, “ecosystem services”, “social-ecological systems”, and “biodiversity”. Disparity was also found in the role attributed to nature, represented by three key paradigms: (1) ecosystems as the fourth component of an expanded Nexus, i.e., the WEF-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus; (2) ecosystems as a foundational layer to the Nexus; and (3) the WEF Nexus as a central component of social-ecological systems (SES). By creating a hybrid approach that brings together the benefits of the respective paradigms, we present a forward-looking WEFE Nexus conceptualisation. This paradigm expands the mutual interlinkages among water, energy and food to the entirety of SES, thus acknowledging the social-ecological processes that are affected by and affect the WEF Nexus. The results of this collaborative research effort intend to provide researchers and stakeholders with means to better understand and ultimately manage Nexus issues towards a transformative change.
Artículo When does the elastic regime begin in viscoelastic pinch-off?(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Gaillard, Antoine; Herrada Gutiérrez, Miguel Ángel; Deblais, Antoine; Van Poelgeest C.; Laruelle, L.; Eggers, Jens G.; Bonn, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). EspañaIn this experimental and numerical study, we revisit the question of the onset of the elastic regime in viscoelastic pinch-off. This is relevant to all modern filament thinning techniques, which aim to measure the extensional properties of low-viscosity polymer solutions. Examples are the slow retraction method (SRM) for capillary breakup extensional rheometry (CaBER), or the dripping method, in which a drop detaches from a nozzle. As part of these techniques, a stable liquid bridge is brought slowly to its stability threshold, where capillary-driven thinning starts. This thinning slows down dramatically at a critical radius, marking the onset of the elasto-capillary regime, characterised by a filament of nearly uniform radius. While a theoretical scaling exists for this transition in the case of the classical step-strain CaBER protocol, where polymer chains stretch without relaxing during the fast plate separation, we show that this theory is not necessarily valid for a slow protocol such as the SRM. In that case, polymer chains start stretching (beyond their equilibrium coiled configuration) only when the bridge thinning rate becomes comparable to the inverse of their relaxation time. We derive a universal scaling for, valid for both low- and high-viscosity polymer solutions. This scaling is validated by CaBER experiments with a slow plate separation protocol using different polymer solutions, plate diameters and sample volumes, as well as by numerical simulations using the FENE-P model.Artículo Consumers’ knowledge, attitudes and willingness to pay for aquaponic products in Spain and Latin America(Elsevier, 2021) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosAquaponics is a productive system in which the production of vegetables and fish is synergistically combined within a circular economy framework. Although these systems have been in development for more than 50 years, the presence of aquaponic products in the markets is still very limited. Previous studies have been carried out trying to characterise consumers, although none was focused on Spain and Latin America. In this work, 636 responses have been obtained to a survey with 27 questions, which has enabled characterising the preferences of potential consumers and their willingness to pay higher prices for aquaponic products. Nearly 60% of the respondents knew what aquaponic was and this knowledge was influenced by the academic level and the concern for the environment. Most participants considered aquaponics as a very interesting food production system. They were mainly motivated to consume aquaponic products due to their quality and taste and to the absence of pesticides or chemical residues. A remarkable influence of the household income, concern for the environment and, mostly, prior knowledge about aquaponics was found concerning the willingness to pay higher prices. Therefore, advertising campaigns providing specific information on this type of food production would be advisable to increase its degree of acceptance.Artículo Advances in urban horticulture by means of family-sized aquaponic systems: technical and social aspects(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Lobillo, J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosAquaponics is the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics, where fish effluents are used as nutritive solution by plants. At the University of Seville, different works have been developed over the last 12 years in order to improve the designs proposed by FAO, determine the safety of the food produced, study the productivity and profitability under Mediterranean climate, as well as the suppressiveness against some water-borne plant diseases. However, one of the most interesting findings that have stood out in the results are those related to social issues. The city of Seville has one of the neighbourhoods with the worst rates of social exclusion in Europe: El Polígono Sur, where different knowledge transfer activities have been developed. The objective of this work is to describe the aquaponic technology transfer activities to this disadvantaged neighbourhood and the social advances that were achieved during this period of collaboration, introducing healthy diet drivers and empowering adults in the neighbourhood. To achieve this goal, students participated in data collection operations (water quality, plant and fish production, etc.) and adults were teachers in a course. At the high school Joaquín Romero Murube, participating students received an extra supply of fresh vegetables while they practiced different curricular subjects in their aquaponic facilities, improving the nutritional quality of the students' diet, reducing absenteeism and promoting their learning in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM subjects). Therefore, aquaponics has been a valuable tool to improve the nutritional quality of the students' diet, motivating their participation in academic activities and empowering the adults who taught the training courses in the University of Seville.Artículo Improving the water quality of a pond coupled with a vertical garden. Case study: ornamental symbiosis(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2023) Martínez Millán, l.; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Rossini Oliva, Sabina; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosIn cities, space is becoming increasingly scarce to establish new green areas. Therefore, vertical greening systems are a promising solution, due to their multiple benefits. Among them is the ability of vegetation to reduce air and water contamination (phytoremediation). The objective of this case study was to evaluate the performance of a vertical garden coupled to a small ornamental pond functioning as an aquaponic system. The vertical garden was composed by felt modules and planted with different plant species: Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques, Fatsia japonica (Thunberg) Decne. & Planch., Ficus pumila L., Hedera helix L., Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott, Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt and Tradescantia zebrina (Bosse). It was connected to an ornamental pond with Carassius auratus (Goldfish) through underground pipes that recirculated the water between both subsystems. An autonomous functioning of the system was observed, with a satisfactory development of plants and an improvement in the pond appearance, which was confirmed by the presence of other species: birds, frogs, and tadpoles (bio-indicators of water quality). The results showed that the connection between a vertical garden and a pond induces an ornamental symbiosis, by saving the use of water and fertilizers (taking advantage of the nutrients provided by the fish feces and food scraps), while improving the quality of the water returning to the pond, which is necessary for the wellbeing of fish.Artículo A fast numerical algorithm for finding all real solutions to a system of N nonlinear equations in a finite domain(Springer, 2024) Chueca Díez, Fernando; Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP219: Física de Fluidos y MicrofluídicaA highly recurrent traditional bottleneck in applied mathematics, for which the most popular codes (Mathematica, Matlab, and Python as examples) do not offer a solution, is to find all the real solutions of a system of n nonlinear equations in a certain finite domain of the n-dimensional space of variables. We present two similar algorithms of minimum length and computational weight to solve this problem, in which one resembles a graphical tool of edge detection in an image extended to n dimensions. To do this, we discretize the n-dimensional space sector in which the solutions are sought. Once the discretized hypersurfaces (edges) defined by each nonlinear equation of the n-dimensional system have been identified in a single, simultaneous step, the coincidence of the hypersurfaces in each n-dimensional tile or cell containing at least one solution marks the approximate locations of all the hyperpoints that constitute the solutions. This makes the final Newton-Raphson step rapidly convergent to all the existent solutions in the predefined space sector with the desired degree of accuracy.Artículo Evaluation of rooting and growth of pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) cuttings in soilless production: comparison of hydroponic vs. aquaponic systems(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Malia Torrejón, Miguel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Gross, Jackson A.; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidoseffluents generated in aquaculture could contribute to increased risk of environmental contamination. aquaponic could facilitate the resolution of this problem by transforming those potential pollutants into nutrients for plants, providing an extra vegetable production in a circular economy framework. highly profitable vegetables such as pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) could improve the economic viability of these farms, but little is known about its performance in aquaponic systems. rooting and vegetative growth of 12 cuttings of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus hybridum) were evaluated over a period of six months in two aquaponic systems rearing tilapia with different hydroponic subsystems (nutrient Film technique, nFt and Media Bed, MB). a control group of hydroponic culture using substrate filled pots was used for comparison. Water quality and environmental parameters were also measured to evaluate their influence on plant development. Hylocereus hybridum showed higher vegetative growth, and earlier shoot emission in combination with the control system, followed by the nFt and finally the MB. in relation to root growth, Hylocereus undatus showed best results in combination with the substrate system. Best results for precocity in root emission, evaluated in the nFt system, were obtained for Hylocereus hybridum. Water quality parameters had no significant effect on plant development, while fish live weight increased in both systems.Artículo Contribution of Household Aquaponic Production to a Low Price Healthy Mediterranean Diet in an Economically Depressed Community(MDPI, 2023) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Gross, Jackson A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosHomestead aquaponic production has been proposed as a reasonable alternative for obtaining food within the framework of the circular economy. However, little is known about the ability of homestead aquaponics to contribute to a healthy diet and the savings it represents on the cost of such diets for inhabitants of economically depressed communities. In the present work, based on a case study, the nutritional contribution of vegetables and fish produced in one year has been calculated, with the goal of determining the contribution of aquaponics to the healthy diet of an adult during this study period. The amount of external food products that should be purchased, the nutritional contribution of the complete diet (comparing it with that of a Mediterranean diet), and its cost have also been determined. The results show that achieving a balanced diet in macronutrients, minerals and essential nutrients with aquaponics is feasible, with a real cost of about 3.07 euros per person per day, amounting to a mean savings of 22% compared to the market price of food. The percentage of nutrient contribution of aquaponic foods exceeds in most cases 20%, being especially high for protein, dietary fiber, some minerals such as potassium, and vitamins.Artículo Polyculture production of vegetables and red hybrid tilapia for self-consumption by means of micro-scale aquaponic systems(Elsevier, 2021-11) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Quevedo Ruiz, Francisco Javier; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosAquaponic systems combine fish (aquaculture) and plant production (hydroponics), mimicking a complex ecosystem. Though aquaponic facilities can be built for commercial purposes, the self-consumption perspective is also important. There is a gap in studies that evaluate the use of a large number of plant species produced in aquaponic systems for self-consumption. The objective of this study was assessing the aquaponic production of a polyculture of different vegetables, herbs and fruits together with tilapia, with a self-consumption purpose, during a whole year in a marginal neighbourhood of the city of Seville (Spain), taking into account the climatic limitations during summer and winter. Two alternatives to reduce energy consumption in winter were also tested. This work provides an exhaustive description of the operation and management of two self-constructed Micro-Scale Aquaponic Systems (4.56 m2 of cropping area and a 1 m3 fish tank) based on FAO models. In them, 62 kg of tilapia and 352 kg of 22 different vegetables and fruits were produced during a year. This study proved that a micro-scale aquaponic facility can provide enough fruits, vegetables and fish for a complete family of four members throughout the year.Artículo Performance of a felt based living wall with greywater irrigation using different indoor ornamental species(Elsevier, 2025-02) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Rossini Oliva, Sabina; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosVertical greening systems are becoming popular nature-based solutions for including vegetation in the built environment. However, one of the main concerns regards to their water requirements. The use of greywater for their irrigation can be a solution. While several studies have proven that using living walls as a biofilter can improve the quality of the greywater applied for their irrigation, the effects on the vegetation of continuous irrigation with greywater are still unknown. The main objective of this work is the assessment of the vegetation performance using different plant species in indoor living walls exclusively irrigated with greywater. For that, three species (Philodendron hederaceum, Spathiphyllum wallisii and Nephrolepis exaltata) planted on felt-based living wall modules were tested for 30 weeks. Information regarding the main water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentration of major cation and anions, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand for an incubation period of 5 days (BOD5) were obtained and the development of the vegetation was monitored. The three species adapted well to the continuous irrigation with greywater, though S. wallisii showed a slight decrease in green cover at the end of the study. As the greywater was recirculated, EC increased with time, but no clear effects on growth and appearance were observed in the plants. This suggests the need of periodically replacing the greywater used for irrigation or including irrigation events with freshwater.Artículo What does it take to renature cities? An expert-based analysis of barriers and strategies for the implementation of nature-based solutions(Elsevier, 2024-03) Castellar, Joana A.C.; Popartan, Lucia Alexandra; Pucher, Bernhard; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Hecht, Katharina; Katsou, Evina; Nika, Chrysanthi Elisabeth; Junge, Ranka; Langergraber, Günter; Atanasova, Nataša; Comas, Joaquim; Monclús, Hèctor; Pueyo-Ros, Josep; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; European Union (UE); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaThis paper uses an expert-based methodology to survey the barriers and strategies related to the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). The ambition of the paper is to offer a bird's eye overview of the difficulties encountered by NBS deployment and ways to overcome them. With a wide participation of 80 experts from COST Action Circular City, we identify barriers specific to 35 pre-defined NBS of the following four categories: Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs; Food and Biomass Production; Rainwater Management; and Remediation, Treatment, and Recovery. The research sheds light on how a major interdisciplinary – yet predominantly technically-oriented - community of scientists and practitioners views this important topic. Overall, the most relevant barriers are related to technological complexity, lack of skilled staff and training programs and the lack of awareness that NBS is an option. Our results highlight concerns related to post implementation issues, especially operation and maintenance, which subsequently affect social acceptance. The paper identifies a “chain” effect across barriers, meaning that one barrier can affect the existence or the relevance of other barriers. In terms of strategies, most of them target governance, information, and education aspects, despite the predominantly technical expertise of the participants. The study innovates with respect to state-of-the-art research by showing a fine-grained connection between barriers, strategies and individual NBS and categories, a level of detail which is not encountered in any other study to date.Artículo Urban agriculture as a keystone contribution towards securing sustainable and healthy development for cities in the future(IWA Publishing, 2020-01-01) Skar, Siv Lene Gangenes; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Timpe, Axel; Pölling, Bernd; Bohn, Katrin; Külvik, Mart; Delgado, Cecília; Pedras, Celestina M.G.; Paço, Teresa A.; Ćujić, Mirjana; Tzortzakis, Nikos G.; Chrysargyris, Antonios; Peticilǎ, G. A.; Alencikiene, Gitana; Monsees, Hendrik; Junge, Ranka; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; European Union (UE)Research and practice during the last 20 years has shown that urban agriculture can contribute to minimising the effects of climate change by, at the same time, improving quality of life in urban areas. In order to do so most effectively, land use and spatial planning are crucial so as to obtain and maintain a supportive green infrastructure and to secure citizens' healthy living conditions. As people today trend more towards living in green and sustainable city centres that can offer fresh and locally produced food, cities become again places for growing food. The scope of urban agriculture thereby is to establish food production sites within the city's sphere; for example, through building-integrated agriculture including concepts such as aquaponics, indoor agriculture, vertical farming, rooftop production, edible walls, as well as through urban farms, edible landscapes, school gardens and community gardens. Embedded in changing urban food systems, the contribution of urban agriculture to creating sustainable and climate-friendly cities is pivotal as it has the capacity to integrate other resource streams such as water, waste and energy. This article describes some of the current aspects of the circular city debate where urban agriculture is pushing forward the development of material and resource cycling in cities.Artículo Perceptions of stakeholders on nature-based solutions in urban planning: A thematic analysis in six European cities(Elsevier, 2024-06) Megyesi, Boldizsár; Gholipour, Amir; Cuomo, Federico; Canga, Eriona; Tsatsou, Alexandra; Zihlmann, Violeta; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosA commonly addressed aspect of urban planning involves the integration of nature-based solutions (NBS). Before applying NBS, acquiring stakeholders' viewpoints, e.g., city councils, local governments, and academia, contributes to the successful application and thus to mitigation of global challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, water, and food scarcity. The present study explores how stakeholders across Europe view the role of NBS in urban planning. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns, themes, and concepts within interview transcripts gathered through semi-structured interviews held in Budapest, Cordoba, Ljubljana, Reykjavik, Vienna, and Zurich. The study resulted in 107 distinctive codes categorized into NBS benefits, challenges, opportunities, NBS actors, and regulations. The frequency of codes (Fr) mentioned by the interviewees showed that NBS benefit cooperation (Fr=125) between individuals, while the most challenging issue obstructing NBS implementation was the lack of NBS knowledge (Fr=93). The need for green areas (Fr=42) was identified as an opportunity that could give rise to NBS applications. This study also provides practical recommendations to overcome some barriers when implementing NBS.Artículo Moving Towards a Holistic Approach to Circular Cities: Obstacles and Perspectives for Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions in Europe(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-08) Ristic Trajkovic, Jelena; Krstic, Verica; Milovanović, Aleksandra; Calheiros, Cristina S. C.; Cujic, M.; Karanac, Milica; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; European Union (UE). H2020Nature-based solutions (NBS) are frequently implemented without taking the system’s perspective into account and with the main focus on technical and economic issues of implementation. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis on the potential synergistic effects between circularity and NBS to holistically tackle urban challenges. The main objective is to establish preliminary insights on the obstacles and perspectives of NBS integration and implementation, through a questionnaire set up by the network of experts gathered within the COST Action CA17133 Circular City. The following research questions arise: (i) what differences exist in the level of NBS application according to the variance of engaged countries; and (ii) what are the main obstacles and perspectives for the NBS implementation in order to holistically tackle urban challenges, enhancing the sustainable connection among urban environment, nature, and human well-being. To go beyond the current state-of-the-art and reflect on the research conducted within the Circular City Action, this study aims to open a multi-geographical academic dialogue across Europe and beyond and to move towards a holistic approach to circular cities. Accordingly, this study is: (1) multi-geographical and context-based, providing input for thirty-three EU countries and four non-EU countries to give an overview of the main obstacles and perspectives of NBS implementation, and (2) approach-directed, aiming to formulate a holistic approach to deal with societal challenges. This document intends to provide qualitative and quantitative insight into the potentials and obstacles of NBS implementation in Europe, as well as to motivate further discussion and research to achieve holistic and sustainable cities.Artículo Cultivating Sustainable Construction: Stakeholder Insights Driving Circular Economy Innovation for Inclusive Resource Equity(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-04) Karaca, Ferhat; Tleuken, Aidana; Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Ros Cardoso, Sara; Orel, Daniil; Askar, Rand; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Diputación Provincial de CórdobaDue to its intricate production processes, complex supply chains, and industry-specific characteristics, the construction industry faces unique challenges in adopting circular economy (CE) principles that promote resource equity. To address this issue, this study aims to delve into identifying stakeholders’ opinions and perceptions regarding key CE strategies across different stages of the building life cycle (BLC). Both European and non-European stakeholders within the “CircularB” COST Action network and beyond participated in this research. Three methods were employed to assess stakeholders’ opinions: an online survey, a structured survey with a semi-guided workshop, and creative thinking round table discussions. Natural language processing (NLP), specifically topic modelling and sentiment analysis, was used to analyse the data collected from the online survey, which gathered text-based opinions from 209 participants on the cost-benefit aspects of circularity strategies. The structured survey, which collected data from 43 workshop participants, evaluated the perceived importance of CE strategies across various BLC phases and assessed the adoption of selected CE strategies in current or past projects. Finally, the Six Thinking Hats® activity, employed in the round table discussions, generated ideas from 25 professionals regarding the broader implementation challenges and opportunities of CE in construction. The research findings highlight the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice by fostering active industry stakeholder involvement in the transition to a CE model. The analyses of the collected stakeholder opinions through the three activities contribute to proactive and collaborative efforts aimed at advancing resource equity in the construction sector and promoting just and inclusive resource use. In summary, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of stakeholders’ opinions on CE strategies and provides guidance for the development of targeted policies and strategies to accelerate the integration of CE principles in the construction industry.Artículo Nature-Based Solutions in Cities—Contribution of the Portuguese National Association of Green Roofs to Urban Circularity(Springer Nature, 2021-11) Pineda-Martos, Rocío; Calheiros, Cristina S.C.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Universidad de Sevilla; European Union (UE). H2020Green building–integrated systems and technologies (e.g., green roofs (GR) and walls (GW)) are classified as nature-based solutions (NBS) in the context of urban green infrastructure (GI), which contribute to add both natural elements and processes, as a result of locally designed, resource-efficient, and systemic interventions in cities. They have also been considered to address several urban challenges towards cities’ circularity. The European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy and the Action Plan recently adopted by the European Commission, represent a comprehensive long-term programme aspiring to protect nature and reversing the ecosystem degradation by 2030. Sustainable and resilient societies under the challenge ‘innovating with nature’ are the leading aim of the EU Research and Innovation (R&I) policy agenda goals on NBS and re-naturing urban areas. The European GI/NBS Associations build the bridge to provide a network among stakeholders from academia, municipalities, entrepreneurs and private-sector entities and other non-governmental organisations, by creating a platform to build and share knowledge and create collaboration on sustainable GI/NBS, regarding building-integrated vegetation approaches as well as related policies, regulations and technical guidelines. The commitments of the foundations to encourage and promote the advanced adoption of green urban infrastructure practice and planning as part of the built environment, drive active efforts to support NBS innovation objectives and the transition from ‘grey to green’ infrastructure. The present manuscript aims at reflecting the crucial role of the Associations on GI/NBS, mainly GR and GW, to develop local frameworks applying innovative plans of action, and allocate R&I opportunities implementing relevant and inclusive urban regeneration solutions. Within this context, it will be highlighted the example of the Portuguese National Association of Green Roofs.Artículo A new robust adaptive mixing control for trajectory tracking with improved forward flight of a tilt-rotor UAV(Elsevier, 2021-04) Cardoso, Daniel N.; Esteban Roncero, Sergio; Raffo, Guilherme V.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Sistemas Autônomos Cooperativos (InSAC). Brasil); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Brasil; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Brasil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais. Brasil; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaA new robust adaptive mixing control (RAMC) is proposed in order to accomplish trajectory tracking of a tilt-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) configuration. This kind of system is a hybrid aerial vehicle that combines advantages of rotary-wing aircraft, like hovering flight and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), and those of fixed-wing aircraft, as improved forward flight. Although the VTOL and cruise flight regimes present different dynamic behaviors, in this work a unified, highly coupled, nonlinear model is developed to cope with the considered tilt-rotor UAV full flight envelope, that is, the axial flight, hovering, transition/cruise and turning flight. The modeling is performed via Euler–Lagrange formulation considering the tilt-rotor UAV as a multi-body system and taking into account aerodynamic effects and the dynamics of the tilting servomotors. Accordingly, in order to comply with the trajectory tracking requirements and improve the tilt-rotor UAV forward flight, this paper presents a novel robust adaptive mixing controller which is formulated to deal with linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems dependent on not known a priori large parameters but measured or estimated online, and also to provide robustness against unknown disturbances. Additionally, a rigorous closed-loop stability analysis is performed. The controller performance is validated with numerical experiments conducted using a high fidelity simulator developed on Gazebo and Robot Operating System (ROS) platforms.Artículo A robust optimal control approach in the weighted Sobolev space for underactuated mechanical systems(Elsevier, 2021-03) Cardoso, Daniel N.; Esteban Roncero, Sergio; Raffo, Guilherme V.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de FluidosThis paper proposes new robust nonlinear optimal control formulations in the weighted Sobolev space, here called nonlinear and controllers, to handle with two classes of underactuated mechanical systems: the reduced ones with a reduced number of DOF; and the entire underactuated mechanical systems with input coupling. The optimal control problems are formulated via dynamic programming and particular solutions are presented for the resulting Hamilton–Jacobi equations with the corresponding stability analysis. Also, the concepts of -stability and -gain for a general class of systems are established, with the demonstration for the particular case of study. The novel and controllers are synthesized for an unmanned aerial vehicle benchmark. The results demonstrate that these controllers provide better transient performance with faster response against external disturbances in comparison with a classic nonlinear controller, in addition to have a simple design.Artículo Enhanced robust adaptive flight control for a convertible VTOL UAV(Elsevier, 2024-03) Campos, Jonatan M.; Cardoso, Daniel N.; Esteban Roncero, Sergio; Raffo, Guilherme V.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Institutos Nacionais de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Brasil; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Brasil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Brasil; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaIn this paper, we propose less conservative formulations for candidate controllers of robust adaptive mixing control (RAMC) strategies. The RAMCs are employed to solve the trajectory tracking problem throughout the full flight envelope, with guaranteed stability, of a convertible plane (CP) vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Initially, the multi-body nonlinear dynamic model of the CP VTOL UAV is obtained using the Euler–Lagrange formalism, from which a linear parameter-varying (LPV) model is derived to be used in the design of the RAMC candidate controllers. The new formulations of the candidate controllers are proposed considering two approaches: a (i) Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC); and (ii) a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) experiments are performed in a high-fidelity flight simulator to verify the fulfillment of real-time constraints, ensuring a computationally lightweight control strategy ready for implementation in a low-cost embedded computational system.Artículo Wind Tunnel Aerodynamic Study of a VTOL-UAV for Wide Range of Angles of Attack and Sideslip Angles(Springer Nature, 2021-03) Prieto Rueda, Victoria; Esteban Roncero, Sergio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaThis article presents the design, manufacturing and wind tunnel tests conducted on a 1:4 scaled Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A brief description of the VTOL model, identifying characteristic dimensions, along with the manufacturing process for the scale model and the measurement equipment is presented. Results of the wind tunnel experiments are conducted varying both angle of attack and sideslip angle for a wide rage of the angles, and several wind tunnel speeds, thus allowing to characterize the full flight envelope for all three flight phases of the VTOL-UAV: axial, transition and cruise flight phases. A description of the wind tunnel measuring setup and the methodology used is presented, along with the subsequent analysis and corrections considered for all the data obtained, presenting a discussion about the results and its comparison with numerical analysis obtained with CFD studies. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are made with the main objective of establishing a basis for future tests.