Ponencias (Construcciones Arquitectónicas II)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11314

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From Photogrammetric Fieldwork to 3D GIS Modelling: The Defensive Wall of Seville as a Representative Case Study (Jardines del Valle Sector)
(Springer Nature, 2026) Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Rubia-Caba, David; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Infante Perea, Margarita Mª; Rodríguez-Ramírez, Lorenzo; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ingeniería Gráfica
This work reflects on the advantages provided by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the semi-automatic construction of three-dimensional models for the management of architectural heritage information. For this purpose, a methodology has been developed that allows the generation of 3D-GIS models from a high density point cloud obtained by photogrammetry. The applied procedures have been based on a set of work phases that have allowed the classification, modelling and publication of the processed information. This research has selected as a case study a representative segment of the Almohad wall of Seville, belonging to the sector of the Jardines del Valle. This heritage element is part of the buildings belonging to the Management Plan for Heritage Municipal Buildings of Seville (PD-PHiM) and is characterized by being an archaeological property of great extension and high complexity. The results obtained have generated a model that significantly increases the level of detail (Level of Detail, LOD) of the case study with respect to previous works carried out within the framework of the PD-PHiM. Similarly, the data tables relating to the asset have been linked to the 3D model generated. All this has contributed to highlight the great potential of the strategies developed in those tasks related to the data management of heritage buildings.
Estrategias de coordinación en el Grado en Edificación. Experiencias de innovación docente
(Universidad de Granada, 2024) León Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Chaza Chimeno, María del Rosario; García Soria, María del Valle; López Rosa, Sheila; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Física Aplicada II
During 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, two teaching innovation projects were carried out at the ETSIE of the University of Seville. The first project, "Quality in higher education: teaching coordination for the Bachelor's Degree in Building", analysed the state of the degree in terms of coordination, looking for deficiencies and possible proposals for improvement. Meetings were held with graduates, student surveys were carried out, and a first attempt was made to draw up a calendar of assessment activities. In the second, "Horizontal and vertical coordination strategies for the Bachelor's Degree in Building", the work started was continued, automating the preparation of the calendar by means of a web application so that the dates of the assessment activities could be coordinated (avoiding overloading the students). Different questionnaires were passed throughout the course in order to obtain real data regarding the dedication of non-face-to-face hours that students dedicate to each subject, as well as their opinion about the temporal development of the subjects. The web application generated is the means for gathering information on the different assessment activities carried out in a course; it is on this that the overlaps and coincidences of these activities are detected; the mechanisms for horizontal coordination are also applied, as well as the proposals for improvement and optimisation actions. As a result of this coordination, the web application itself provides, as output, a calendar that illustrates in a general way by course and group all the assessment activities of each of the subjects. This calendar can also be obtained personally by each student, indicating the group and subjects for which he/she is going to enrol.
Development of a Python-based algorithm for adaptive thermal comfort: Theoretical formulation and application cases
(EDP Sciences, 2023) Sánchez García, Daniel; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Pulido Arcas, Jesús Alberto; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II
Adaptive thermal comfort has gained momentum within the scientific community as a cost effective and affordable way of maintaining acceptable levels of comfort in dwellings while abating energy expenditure. At the moment two international standards, namely the European EN16798-1 and the American ASHRAE55-2010 shape the understanding of adaptive comfort around the world. However, in recent years concerns have raised about whether they can accurately represent comfort conditions considering the cultural and societal background of different countries, and whether adaptive thermal comfort will be still feasible in future scenarios of climate change. Considering these challenges, this study presents an algorithm which can model different adaptive comfort models; additionally, it can be implemented into energy simulation engines and therefore used to predict energy consumption under different climates, building typologies, and dynamic comfort conditions. This contribution presents the development of the aforementioned algorithm, called ACCIS (Adaptive-Comfort-Control-Implementation Script), originally written in EnergyPlus Runtime Language (ERL) and later nested in a Python package called ACCIM (Adaptive-Comfort-Control-Implemented Model)”, its main characteristics, and also the implementation into two cases studies: The thermal comfort in social dwellings in Spain and Japan considering present and future climate change scenarios namely Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for years 2050, 2080 and 2100. The results show that the predicted energy consumption of low-income families is strongly influenced by the adaptive comfort model chosen to model their thermal routine and suggest that international standards should be put under revision to consider the local particularities of dwellers in subsidized housing projects. The results of this research can be useful to devise public policies aimed at abating energy cost for low-income dwellers that benefit from social housing programs, particularly in the light of the increment of energy costs for heating and cooling associated with climate change.
Técnicas de levantamiento arquitectónico aplicadas al arte textil sacro
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024-07-30) Antón García, Daniel; León Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Infante Perea, Margarita Mª; Martín del Río, Juan Jesús; Cantillana Merchante, Concepción; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3D y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica; TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
Este trabajo describe el proceso de digitalización del manto de Salida de Nuestra Señora del Socorro, titular de la hermandad del Amor. Se trata de una pieza emblemática del arte textil sacro sevillano. El objeto de estudio tiene unas dimensiones de 4,80 x 4,60 metros, confeccionado en terciopelo granate sobre el que se aplica un denso bordado en oro. Realizado en 1957, el manto ha sido sometido a un proceso de restauración durante los dos últimos años. Al término de este proceso, se realiza una virtualización transfiriendo técnicas de levantamiento arquitectónico a la documentación de su estado restaurado. En el proceso de trabajo se han mezclado técnicas de planificación de vuelo provenientes de la fotogrametría aérea, con equipos topográficos y fotográficos propios de la fotogrametría terrestre. Los resultados obtenidos, en alta resolución, consisten en un banco de imágenes, modelos digitales, ortofotos y secciones, así como vídeos destinados a favorecer la divulgación del bien. Estos productos permiten un profundo análisis de la geometría y de las técnicas y materiales empleados sobre el manto, elementos de gran utilidad para la conservación preventiva. El trabajo, pionero en objetos textiles de estas características, ha precisado adaptar las técnicas y los equipos al entorno de trabajo de un taller de bordado, así como a las sutilezas que imponen los materiales textiles, brillantes y sagrados sobre los que se ha actuado.
Huella hídrica en el ciclo de vida de edificios residenciales: etapas de urbanización y construcción
(Fundación Nueva Cultura del Agua, 2016) Rivero Camacho, Cristina; Solís-Guzmán, Jaime; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Ingeniería del Diseño
El consumo total de agua de un edificio no sólo incluye el agua utilizada in situ para la construcción del mismo, sino también el agua que ha sido necesaria fuera de la obra para la fabricación de los materiales empleados, así como la maquinaria y mano de obra sin los cuales no se podría ejecutar el edificio. A esto se le conoce como Agua Virtual (AV) de un producto, en nuestro caso el edificio. En este trabajo se propone un modelo de presupuestación para calcular el impacto del agua en un edificio residencial plurifamiliar en su ciclo de vida. Se desarrolla la huella hídrica (HH) como indicador para el cálculo del agua que se consume de forma directa e indirecta en el proceso edificatorio. Por último, para ilustrar el modelo, se incluye la aplicación a un caso de estudio, así como el análisis de los resultados.
Construccion and demolition waste during the transformation of rural land
(Asociación Española de Ingeniería de Proyectos, 2015) Rivero Camacho, Cristina; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Freire Guerrero, Antonio; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Ingeniería del Diseño
El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es incentivar la correcta gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición generados durante la transformación de terrenos rústicos a urbanizados, en concreto en los derivados de los trabajos previos y movimientos de tierras. Se parte del modelo de cuantificación desarrollado en el grupo de investigación ARDITEC, en el que se utilizan una serie de coeficientes para el cálculo de las cantidades y tipos de residuos que se generan las obras. Estudiando seis proyectos reales, se obtienen baremos extrapolables a otras obras de urbanización. El trabajo identifica que dos residuos, tierras y arboleda, representan más del 90 por ciento de los residuos de urbanización, por lo que ambos deben ser calculados con precisión. En el presente trabajo se proponen coeficientes, que dependiendo del tamaño de parcela, la densidad y especie de arboleda, o si es para uso industrial o residencial, predicen el total de residuos a ser generados, lo cual facilitará su gestión y control. Se ha creado una herramienta de cuantificación precisa que ayude a simplificar los cálculos y el control. El trabajo se incorporará a futuras investigaciones en el análisis del impacto ambiental causado por la transformación del suelo.
The use of HBIM as a tool for detecting the habitability of the franciscan heritage buildings. The case of Monastery of Santa Clara de La Columna (Belalcazar, Spain)
(Università degli Studi di Firenze, 2024) Millán Millán, Pablo Manuel; Robador González, María Dolores; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Bertocci, Stefano; Cioli, Federico; Junta de Andalucía; HUM958: In-Gentes [investigación en Generación de Territorios]; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The different technical and legal tools for heritage protection have made it possible for us, today, to enjoy important monumental complexes. The divergence lies in the artistic contexts in which, due to the genesis of their programmatic typology, they require habitation, as in the case of monasteries. This article collects the results of a long investigation, on which we have been working, and whose main objective has been to find a tool that allows us to continuously measure different indicators in which both the protection of the elements, and the capacity for habitation, are guaranteed. For this we have contextualized the research at the Monastery of Santa Clara de la Columna in Belalcázar (Córdoba), a monastery with the highest heritage protection in Spain, and which, in turn, accommodates a religious community. The results have allowed us to design habitability parameters, within protected heritage contexts.
Geodetic fundamentals in the development of a voxel model for the subsoil of the city of Sevilla (Spain)
(Science and Technology Publications, 2024) Fuls, Andreas; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Kada, Martin; Soriano-Cuesta, Cristina; Romero-Hernández, Rocío; Jaramillo-Morilla, Antonio; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Grueau, Cédric; Rodrigues, Armanda; Ragia, Lemonia; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno
Current global challenges require a better understanding of the subsoil to optimise underground resources and plan for sustainable development. This is a key issue in anthropised metropolitan environments, where the high density of elements makes difficult to gain knowledge of this reality. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enables spatial management and visualisation of the underground data obtained from geotechnical surveys. The creation of 3D models in voxel format constitutes a pioneering and relevant line of research. This paper evaluates the main factors resulting from the integration of different topographic sources at a territorial level for the creation of surface models that efficiently adjust the geotechnical data collected, which usually lacks global height values. This task involved designing a coordinate system and a reference grid, as well as adjusting elevation data for the selected study case: the metropolitan area of Sevilla, Spain.
Palimsesto: estrategias de intervención en el territorio
(Diputación Provincial de Huelva, 1997) Albarreal Núñez, María Jesús; Bravo, Mara; Cascales Barrio, Juan; González Contró, Mónica; Infantes, Carlos; Márquez Pedrosa, Francisco Javier; Pérez, Antonio J.; Shambayati, Mariam; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Romero Bomba, Eduardo; Rodríguez, Mario; Fernández, Fernando
Territorios intermedios: entre Aracena y Cortegana, entre el s XVI y el s. XX
(Diputación Provincial de Huelva, 2008) Cascales Barrio, Juan; Márquez Pedrosa, Francisco Javier; González Contró, Mónica; Albarreal Núñez, María Jesús; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Carbajo Martín, Laura
The past updated: The ecology of lime on the skin of contemporary Spanish architecture
(Advanced Building Skins, 2023) Robador González, María Dolores; Millán Millán, Pablo Manuel; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Proyectos Arquitectónicos
The skin of a building is mainly composed of its coverings. As with people, skin contributes the most to the exterior surfaces and volumes of buildings. In this paper, the recovery of updated traditional materials in contemporary architectures is presented. This process has been analysed in research and development (R&D) projects, transferring the results to the industry for production with state of the art technologies. We focus on the study of materials derived from lime, including their eco-friendliness and great sustainability. Lime-based materials meet all the requirements of functionality, and they provide excellent sensory experiences. The inorganic composition, colour and texture of building skins humanize architecture due to their affinity with humans. In addition, these skins provide great luminosity and beauty. Natural materials give the buildings of contemporary Spanish architecture a special relationship that cannot be achieved with artificial materials.
Meta-modelling for fast prediction of the effective elastic properties of cement mortar doped with CNT
(2023) Rodríguez Romero, Rubén; Pachón García, Pablo; Aguilar Valseca, Jaime; Baeza Álvarez, Juan Ramón; Garduño Ferreras, Carlos; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Ingeniería del Diseño; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica; TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
This article presents an innovative metamodeling approach for predicting the effective elastic properties of cement grouts containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for the purpose of structural rehabilitation. The study addresses the homogenization of nano- and micro- scales through a Representative Volume Element (RVE). The numerical model consists of a cement matrix doped with randomly oriented CNTs, yet the computational load associated with this model poses a significant processing limitation. To overcome this challenge, a metamodeling approach based on a Kriging surrogate model is proposed. This approach provides a fast and accurate alternative to bypass the timeconsuming numerical homogenization process. The surrogate model establishes a connection between the microstructural characteristics of CNTs, cement, and the effective elastic properties of the composite grouts. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed metamodel are demonstrated through detailed analyses.
Updating models of finite elements by modal operational analysis and genetic algorithms. Application to architectural heritage built
(2017) Chaves, Estefanía A.; Pachón García, Pablo; Compán Cardiel, Víctor Jesús; Baeza Álvarez, Juan Ramón; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras; TEP114: Tecnología Arquitectónica; TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
The use of Operational Modal Analysis is establishing as an acceptable tool to estimate the dynamic properties of heritage buildings as a non‐destructive technique. Through its application, mechanical properties of structural elements, as stiffness or mass, can be obtained with great accuracy. The information obtained can be used to update finite element models, however this process is complicated due to presently it is made manually. This work wants to develop a technique which expects improve the effort and the time invert in this process. The genetic algorithms are going to be used to update tow finite element models of tow patrimonial buildings, the Pavilion of Charles V and the San Jeronimo Monastery both located in Seville, in which variables like elasticity module or boundary conditions are going to be updating in order to have a real behaviour model to carry out the structural assessment of the buildings.
Educar la mirada: Dibujo y color del paisaje urbano en el cerramiento de obra de la restauración de la torre de San Bartolomé de Sevilla
(Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, 2022) Robador González, María Dolores; López Barrau, Fernando; Debenedictis, Domenico; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Burgos Fernández, Francisco Javier; Vilaseca Ricart, Meritxell
La restauración y recuperación cromática de la Torre de San Bartolomé del antiguo barrio judío de Sevilla ha sido ocasión de arte urbano para “mirar, dibujar y compartir”. Una experiencia para acercar el patrimonio arquitectónico al público que, de lo contrario, probablemente hubiera pasado de largo sin tomar conciencia de su peso histórico y artístico, con tantos signos que evidencian la estratigrafía del tiempo, el progreso de un barrio y el desarrollo de sus habitantes. Todo empezó con diálogos entre el paisaje urbano de San Bartolomé y los autores de la restauración cuyo postulado era conocer para intervenir en el patrimonio cultural constituido por bienes tangibles, intangibles y naturales. Cuando se colocaron los andamios y el cerramiento en torno a la torre se aprovechó este lienzo improvisado en el que Urban sketchers y niños dejaron constancia de su mirada con acuarelas. La experiencia del dibujo y el color fue inolvidable
Gemelos digitales para la gestión de riesgos en fortificaciones históricas de tapia mediante herramientas SIG: aplicación en la muralla de la Macarena de Sevilla
(Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de Castilla La Mancha, 2023) Quesada Cano, Fernando; Hidalgo Sánchez, Francisco Manuel; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Romero-Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; Soriano-Cuesta, Cristina; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
La presente contribución tiene como objetivo principal desarrollar una metodología de visualización y gestión de riesgos para la conservación de edificaciones históricas, centrándose específicamente en un tramo de la muralla medieval de Sevilla, conocido como la Muralla de la Macarena. Se utiliza un enfoque basado en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para representar los factores de riesgo que afectan a la fortificación. La metodología se divide en dos partes: un trabajo de campo exhaustivo para caracterizar y estudiar físicamente el bien, y la representación y gestión de la información recopilada mediante un modelo gráfico tridimensional en un entorno SIG. Los resultados destacan la importancia de definir protocolos simples para obtener información espacial que sea aplicable a diferentes bienes culturales. La unificación de criterios es fundamental para la gestión adecuada de los riesgos y la divulgación del conocimiento sobre el bien. La utilización de modelos de información espacial simplificados se revela como una herramienta útil para representar gráficamente la información especializada almacenada en bases de datos genéricas. En conclusión, la metodología propuesta contribuye al mantenimiento predictivo y conservación de la Muralla de la Macarena, y puede ser replicable en otros objetos construidos.
Aproximación a la evaluación de la sostenibilidad mediante BIM en los procedimientos de licitación de la Administración Pública Andaluza
(Agencia de Vivienda y Rehabilitación de Andalucía, 2023) Llatas, Carmen; Soust-Verdaguer, Bernardette; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Junta de Andalucía; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; TEP986: Arquitectura y Sostenibilidad
Uno de los retos en los próximos años es alcanzar la descarbonización de la economía en 2050. Además, la digitalización del sector de la construcción fomenta el uso de tecnologías como el Building Information Modelling (BIM), siendo el Análisis de la Sostenibilidad de Ciclo de Vida (ASCV), uno de los métodos más consistentes para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, su implementación en el sector de la construcción es aún limitada. Es por ello que este estudio pretende integrar el ASCV y el BIM en la Administración Pública, a través de sus procedimientos de licitación, con el fin de seleccionar los proyectos con las soluciones constructivas óptimas. Se presenta como prueba de concepto el modelo de implementación llevado a cabo en el procedimiento de licitación de un proyecto real de rehabilitación de viviendas. La intervención de menor coste ambiental, social y económico fue identificada, contribuyéndose en la promoción pública de edificios sostenibles.
El patrimonio defensivo andaluz y su gestión en la intervención. Un modelo sobre la Seguridad y Salud
(Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 2020) Domínguez Caballero, Rosa María; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Navarro Palazón, Julio; García Pulido, Luis José; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The Management of the Architect or Building Engineer in Restoration works in defensive buildings such as (towers, walls, castles, etc.) has an exhaustive and specific workforce due to the particularities especially in the environment of the Health and Safety Coordination. This communication will focus on the management of the technician on the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Restoration, Rehabilitation and Consolidation works on defensive constructions chosen by the author of her International Thesis from the point of view of their integration in all processes: definition and Execution of the activities to be carried out. The destination and final objective is to ensure the physical integrity of the workers who are in contact in the Restoration of Historical Heritage. Research has been carried out in this area both in Andalusia and in the South of France, around the Mediterranean, reflecting the comparison of particularities as an example in 2 defensive interventions: “Restoration in the tower of Castle Molares (Sevilla)” and “Consolidation of Castle Olvera (Cádiz)”. The Technician's work is fundamental for the control of risks in the workplace, especially in the consolidation and restoration of defensive heritage. The actions of the Health and Safety Coordinator in the execution phase in the Restoration or Rehabilitation differ considerably with the works of Nueva Planta, since the stability of the building must be guaranteed in addition to the difficulty involved in the execution procedures and the “surprises” that can be found when acting on the property of this type. Documents are prepared reflecting the modifications in the Restoration Process that will entail new “occupational risks” and the consequent “health and safety measures” that will have to be taken to eliminate or minimize as indicated in Law 31/95 of PRL.
Management properties and procedures in the information model of the historic building HBIM on building facades
(Copernicus Gesellschaft, 2023-06) Robador González, María Dolores; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Millán Millán, Pablo Manuel; Galera Rodríguez, Andrés; Bruno, Silvana; Debenedictis, Domenico; Moyano, Juan; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Junta de Andalucía; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación; HUM958: In-Gentes [investigación en Generación de Territorios]; HUM411: La Casa y el Lugar. el Territorio de la Arquitectura
Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has become the ideal tool for professionals studying building conservation and restoration. The BIM model allows one to identify structural deformations following three-dimensionally resolved models. In addition, this methodology is specifically designed to register parametric construction models, as an information manager by adding semantic components to the model, including information on the different transformations of the historical artefact, and allowing continuous progress in the building's life cycle. In this work, graphic information and data related to conservation projects are compiled that allow a management of all the documentation integrated in the same Project, from all the disciplinary fields related to the heritage conservation and rehabilitation process. Specifically, from the geometric identification and the restoration documents, it is intended to develop an experimental application where both terrestrial laser scanning records and the use of image processing routines can allow automatic operations to monitor alterations in façades, in order to subsequent control by conservation experts. For this, a building with certain characteristics has been chosen, such as the Miguel de Mañara palace in the city of Seville. A building that has a main façade of 43.30 metres in length by 6.75 metres in height and, in which its façade rotates in an angled guideline to adapt to the urban planning of the time. The analysis is based on the applicability of two segmentation algorithms and the construction of the multilayer enclosure model where the different stratigraphies of the results obtained are exposed.
Albedo impact on the microclimate of courtyards, potential implications on the UHI. A case study in Seville, Spain
(International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2022) Alzate Gaviria, Sebastián; López Cabeza, Victoria Patricia; Diz Mellado, Eduardo María; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). España; TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a phenomenon that threatens life in cities nowadays. Among other strategies to adapt cities to this phenomenon is the use of the tempering potential of courtyards and changes in the albedo of the surfaces. However, there is little literature about the influence of the albedo on the thermal performance of the courtyard. This research aims to analyze the effect of albedo alteration of the surfaces of a courtyard located in Seville on its tempering potential and the comfort of the users. Besides, it evaluates the accuracy and suitability of the simulation tool ENVI-met, widely used for the simulation of outdoor spaces, by contrasting monitoring and simulation results. It is concluded that high reflectance surfaces reduce the surface temperature by reflecting solar radiation, so they accumulate less heat during daylight hours and release less heat at night, however, the high reflection compromises user comfort.
Existing benchmark systems for assessing global warming potential of buildings - Analysis of IEA EBC Annex 72 cases
(IOP Publishing, 2022) Rasmussen, F. N.; Trigaux, Damien; Alsema, E.; Balouktsi, Maria; Birgisdóttir, Harpa; Bohne, R.; Dixit, Manish; Dowdell, David; Francart, Nicolas; Frischknecht, Rolf; Foliente, ‪Greg; Lupisek, Antonin; Lützkendorf, Thomas; Malmqvist, Tove; García Martínez, Antonio; Ouellet-Plamondon, Claudiane; Passer, Alexander; Peuportier, Bruno; Ramseier, L.; Satoła‬, ‪Daniel; Seo, S.; Szalay, Z.; Wiik, M.; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly being used as a tool by the building industry and actors to assess the global warming potential (GWP) of building activities. In several countries, life cycle based requirements on GWP are currently being incorporated into building regulations. After the establishment of general calculation rules for building LCA, a crucial next step is to evaluate the performance of the specific building design. For this, reference values or benchmarks are needed, but there are several approaches to defining these. This study presents an overview of existing benchmark systems documented in seventeen cases from the IEA EBC Annex 72 project on LCA of buildings. The study characterizes their different types of methodological background and displays the reported values. Full life cycle target values for residential and non-residential buildings are found around 10-20 kg CO2e/m2 /y, whereas reference values are found between 20-80 kg CO2e/m2 /y. Possible embodied target- and reference values are found between 1-12 kg CO2e/m2 /y for both residential and non-residential buildings. Benchmark stakeholders can use the insights from this study to understand the justifications of the background methodological choices and to gain an overview of the level of GWP performance across benchmark systems.

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