Artículos (Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11317

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Implementation and management of structural deformations into Historic Building Information Models
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Antón García, Daniel; Moyano, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Building Information Modeling for the conservation and maintenance of architectural and cultural heritage is a great scientific debate nowadays. The creation of an HBIM model allows managing the geometry of the building and exchanging information between the experts involved in the conservation of historic buildings. This paper fosters the creation of an as-built-HBIM containing detailed structural deformations, for which modeling processes with scarce presence in the scientific literature are required. In this sense, two modeling procedures for a structural HBIM Project are proposed for the Pavilion of Carlos V in the Real Alcázar in Seville, Spain. Also, two states of the structural HBIM Project of the Pavilion are geometrically analyzed: 1) theoreticalHBIM, without deformations, generated by using measurements from documentary sources, and 2) as-built-HBIM created from point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry. The results of this paper show significant structural discrepancies in the geometry between both HBIM Projects
Collaborative Workflow in an HBIM Project for the Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage
(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Farratell, Javier; Bouzas Cavada, Manuel; Moyano, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
A restoration and conservation project for a building with heritage values requires an increasingly efficient and sustainable methodology. Based on a collaborative ‘Teamwork’ HBIM (Historic Building Information Modelling) project, this paper aims to describe the technical processes applied to a 16th-century historic building to support an open and interoperable workflow between the participating agents. The process is transparent and controllable by operators and disciplines, ensuring direct and continuous access to project data. The study focuses on implementing effective procedures for the identification and classification of heritage architecture. The first stage comprises the analysis of the geometry and materiality of the existing architecture, using data acquisition technologies such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Structure-fromMotion (SfM) photogrammetry. The information modelling of the historic building begins with a medium level of knowledge, based on the metric survey and enriched by the materiality of the textures deriving from the point cloud. This enables a modelling approach that fits building components to the real geometry of the historic building, considering the deformations and irregularities that occur over time. In the next phase, the BIM project is developed through the analysis of the construction characteristics, materials, and architectural structuring in the historical evolution of the building. The difference between intervening in architectural heritage and new construction lies in the search for the transposition of construction techniques in walls with a long history, thus requiring classification and sectorisation of the various systems used. It is then required to segment the construction systems based on a semantic study of the walls that make up the envelope of the historic architecture. Programming objects in Python within the BIM platform enables the automated identification processes. The method is applied in the identification of the integrating elements of a larger construction entity, such as the stone ashlars of the masonry wall, and the classification by their constructiontemporal dating. The main novelty of this research is the use of the object-oriented programming language (OOP), which automates operations based on an open-source structure and allows the operability of cataloguing, classification, and reuse characteristics.
An efficient process for the management of the deterioration and conservation of Architectural Heritage: the HBIM Project of the Duomo of Molfetta (Italy)
(MDPI, 2024) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Bruno, Silvana; Moyano, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The work developed aims to present an innovative methodology to execute the heritage conservation processes in a collaborative and interdisciplinary Building Information Modeling (BIM) project, with an effective management of the deterioration suffered over time, emphasizing the structures and coatings. The research begins with an architectural survey using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and terrestrial photogrammetry software, Structure from Motion (SfM), studying study the Duomo of Molfetta (Italy), a unique Romanesque architecture of Puglia (Italy). The methodological process is mainly aided by the precise semantic segmentation of global point clouds, a semi-automatic process assisted by classification algorithms implemented in the Cyclone 3DR postprocessing software, which has allowed the classification of the unstructured information provided by the remote sensing equipment when identifying the architectural-structural systems of a building with high historical values. Subsequently, it was possible to develop an efficient Scan-to-HBIM workflow, where the Heritage BIM (HBIM) project has fulfilled the function of a database by incorporating and organizing all the information (graphic and non-graphic) to optimize the tasks of auscultation, identification, classification, and quantification and, in turn, facilitating the parametric modeling of unique structures and architectural elements. The results have shown great effectiveness in the processes of characterization of architectural heritage, focusing on the deformations and deterioration of the masonry in columns and pilasters. To make multidisciplinary conservation work more flexible, specific properties have been created for the identification and analysis of the degradation detected in the structures, with the HBIM project constituting a manager of the control and inspection activities. The restoration technician interacts with the determined 3D element to mark the “type decay”, managing the properties in the element’s own definition window. Interactive schemes have been defined that incorporate the items for the mapping of the elements, as well as particular properties of a conservation process (intervention, control, and maintenance). All listed parametric elements have links to be viewed in 2D and 3D views. Therefore, the procedure has facilitated the auscultation of the scanned element as it is semantically delimited, the parametric modeling of it, the analytical study of its materials and deterioration, and the association of intrinsic parameters so that they can be evaluated by all the intervening agents. But there are still some difficulties for the automatic interpretation of 3D point cloud data, related to specific systems of the historical architecture. In conclusion, human action and interpretation continues to be a fundamental pillar to achieve precise results in a heritage environment.
Métodos de trabajo y resultados de refuerzos en madera de un forjado del siglo XVII de la Sacristía de San Miguel en Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla)
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2017) Ariza López, Iñigo; Guerrero Vega, José María; Pinto Puerto, Francisco Sebastián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
Durante el pasado siglo se pusieron en práctica numerosas soluciones de refuerzo de antiguos forjados de madera mediante losas que pretendían suplir las carencias de funcionamiento por causas reológicas o por deterioro de algunas de sus piezas. Algunas de estas soluciones, sin embargo, supusieron una sobrecarga innecesaria que agravó las patologías previas con el paso del tiempo, hasta el punto de requerir su apuntalamiento. Éste es el caso de uno de los forjados de la sacristía de la parroquia de San Miguel de Morón, un edificio levantado en el transcurso del siglo XVII anexo al templo. Los pisos de sus dos plantas estaban solucionados mediante forjados de vigas de madera y bovedillas de yeso. Como parte de los trabajos de restauración realizados en 2013, se desmontó un refuerzo previo realizado en 1970 mediante losa de hormigón, para ejecutar posteriormente un novedoso tipo de refuerzo con madera laminada, pretensando la unión entre las piezas nuevas y viejas, lo que ha permitido reducir de forma notable las flechas, mantener todos sus elementos principales y obtener un comportamiento más eficiente. La presente aportación expone las condiciones previas a la intervención, el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos durante esta restauración valorando los cálculos y previsiones realizadas.
Geometric characterization and segmentation of historic buildings using classification algorithms and convolutional networks in HBIM
(Elsevier, 2024-11) Moyano, Juan; Musicco, Antonella; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Domínguez Morales, Juan Pedro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP108: Robótica y Tecnología de Computadores
Building Information Models (BIM) are essential for managing information and creating 3D digital representations, especially in the study of historic buildings. However, generating BIM models from point clouds in these structures is challenging due to complex algorithms and architectural forms. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are beginning to automate point cloud classification and segmentation, but fully effective methods for historic buildings are still lacking. This study compares Machine Learning (ML) methodologies and a Deep Learning (DL) classifier. It evaluates the effectiveness of a neighbourhood algorithm with commercial software used by geometers and surveyors, and the applicability of convolutional networks. The methods tested include the Random Forest algorithm in MATLAB, commercial geomatics software, and a variant of the PointNet architecture for DL. The results are evaluated by BIM experts, highlighting the high effectiveness of these approaches and their potential contributions to the field.
Methodology to determine the adequacy of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras and their application to medical emergency services
(Elsevier, 2020) Marín García, David; Moyano, Juan; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Antón García, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
When an infrared thermography camera is used inside buildings, the characteristics of the place where the camera is used should be considered since results could be affected. For this reason, the development of methodologies is of great interest to know, as accurate as possible, whether these spaces have the appropriate conditions to use those cameras. The goal of this research is to establish the possibility of applying quality management methodologies, such as the Quality Function Deployment, very known and usually used in other scopes. Thus, the characteristics of enclosures belonging to medical emergency units in Spain were used as the object of experimentation given the importance of these services for society and the possibility of using directly useful technologies for diagnosis. After collecting the starting information based on references, the consultation to 21 experts, and the characteristics of these enclosures included in regulations, standards and recommendations in Spain, and also after applying the methodology mentioned above, the results showed that air conditioning (13.6/100), the thermal insulation of the room (11.9/100), windows (10.5/100), dimensions of spaces (10.2/100), and humidity (10.1/100) are the most influential factors. Within the scope of medical emergency services, those triage, consultation, examination, treatment, and observation rooms fulfilling what is specified by Spanish regulations, standards and recommendations obtained positive assessments (≥3/5) in most cases. It was therefore concluded that this methodology is of great interest to assess generally the suitability of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras, and regarding the specific case of the main enclosures of medical emergency services fulfilling with Spanish standards and recommendations, their characteristics make them suitable for using infrared thermography cameras, at least in relation to the fulfilment of basic conditions.
Is the analysis scale crucial to assess energy poverty? Analysis of yearly and monthly assessments using the 2M indicator in the south of Spain
(Elsevier, 2023) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Marín García, David; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Energy poverty has been addressed as a global problem. Many studies have been conducted, and several indicators have been established to detect energy poverty. However, most analyses have been performed at a yearly level without considering the differences throughout the year. This study performed a sensitivity analysis to determine these differences using the 2 M indicator in 36,230,400 case studies in the south of Spain, which is a warm zone with great energy poverty, as well as vulnerable to climate change effects. The results showed that monthly assessment could increase energy poverty situations in the months with greater climate severity, compared to yearly assessment. That increase in winter and summer months raised energy poverty cases over 20 %, with these months being those with greater vulnerability due to cold and heat waves, respectively. The results also showed that variations were independent of both the technical characteristics of the dwelling and the use of HVAC systems. Energy poverty cases were reduced only in the summer months with the adaptive approach, which considers thermal adaptation. The use of the 2 M indicator in monthly scales can detect vulnerable family units that cannot be detected by yearly studies, so monthly scales are crucial for governments to adopt energy poverty policies and strategies
Influence of ICHTC correlations on the thermal characterization of façades using the quantitative internal infrared thermography method
(Elsevier, 2019) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Bermúdez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier; Moyano, Juan; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The thermal characterization of façades of the existing building stock is essential to establish optimal energy conservation measures. There are different methods to characterize thermal properties of façades. The quantitative internal infrared thermography method is among those most developed. Given the existing differences in the scientific literature among the proposals of the method, this study analysed the influence of the internal convective heat transfer coefficient (ICHTC). In total, 25 correlations of temperature differences (temperature of the wall and internal air temperature) were analysed, as well as 20 correlations of dimensionless numbers. To do this, an experimental campaign was performed in 3 façades belonging to the most representative building periods of the building stock in Spain. First, a cluster analysis was carried out to determine similarities among the equations analysed, using the Ward method as an agglomerative hierarchical method and the Euclidean distance as an association measurement. In total, 12 and 8 groups were obtained for correlations of temperature difference and of dimensionless numbers, respectively. Afterwards, results associated with each approach were obtained. These results showed that a better adjustment was obtained for correlations of dimensionless numbers by using the approach of convection and radiation, with an average value of representative results higher than 80%
Holistic analysis to reduce energy poverty in social dwellings in southern Spain considering envelope, systems, operational pattern, and income levels
(Elsevier, 2024) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Energy renovations carried out in energy poor households should consider a holistic view in the short-, mid- and long-term, especially in warm areas such as Andalusia, in the south of Spain. This study addresses the existing knowledge gap on technological and economic interactions in the energy poverty of family units in warm areas of Spain. To do this, the study performs a parametric analysis. In this parametric analysis, a dataset of 36,230,400 instances was developed considering envelope, HVAC systems, an operational pattern (based on static and adaptive thermal comfort models), and family units’ income levels. Likewise, the energy poverty ratio was compared based on the high share of energy expenditure in income (2 M). The results showed that improving envelope and establishing adaptive operational patterns did not effectively reduce energy poverty cases in lowincome families in the south of Spain. However, these strategies were appropriate in family units with greater incomes to remove energy poverty cases, regardless of the low reduction in energy consumption by improving the envelope. This study is a starting point to combine social aids, energy improvements and rational energy use through adaptive operational patterns.
Deep learning model for automated detection of efflorescence and its possible treatment in images of brick facades
(Elsevier, 2023) Marín García, David; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel Jesús; Torre, Stefano della; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
One of the most common pathologies in exposed brick facades is efflorescence, which, although they often have a similar appearance, their effects and way of solving them can range from a one-off cleaning to a repair that involves adding or replacing the material. Therefore, the novel goal of this work is to verify whether it is possible to automate this task of distinguishing what type of intervention each brick needs. To do this, the methodology followed focuses on proposing, training and validating a deep convolutional neural network with the real-time end-to-end method that simultaneously predicts multiple bounding boxes and class probabilities for those boxes. For this, images of 765 building facades will be used, of which 392 were selected, proceeding to label 4704 bricks, resulting in that the model achieved a mAP maximum at epoch 100 with 0.894, which is therefore of interest for the creation of intervention maps.
Comparison of quantitative IRT to estimate U-value using different approximations of ECHTC in multi-leaf walls
(Elsevier, 2018) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Bermúdez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier; Moyano, Juan; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
One of the properties which defines the energy performance of buildings is the thermal transmittance of their envelope. The quantitative analysis through infrared thermography (IRT) is among those methods to determine it. In addition, this method can be applied from both the interior and the exterior. In this study, the existing external IRT methods are analysed, and the comparative analysis is complemented by using new formulations of different expressions of the external convective heat transfer coefficient (ECHTC) due to correlations of both wind speeds and dimensionless numbers. Results determined that there are differences in results of thermal transmittance according to the approach of formulation used, thus affecting both types of correlations analysed. Those expressions with a larger number of valid results used the approach of convection for correlations depending on the wind speed of Watmuff et al., Liu and Harris, Lunde, and of ISO 6946, whereas for ECHTCs due to dimensionless numbers, there were limitations to obtain representative results. Likewise, clustering ECHTCs allowed to reject restrictions based on the type of surface finish and the wind direction. Finally, there were differences in the thermal transmittance value depending on the type of wind speed used.
Comparative Exam of Deterioration in Cladded Facades with Cement Mortar
(ASCE, 2021) Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel Jesús; Pinheiro-Alves, María Teresa; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
This research presents the usual types of damages and the causes that occur most frequently in building facades, through the analysis of all judicial complaints in Spain over 6 years. These facades all were cladded with cement mortar renders. A total of 2,018 cases were analyzed in detail. Most of the problems that were found had a direct relationship to the presence of water (humidity, condensation, and infiltration). The list of 37 analyzed parameters will provide both construction stakeholders and researchers with a tool to improve the planning of the maintenance of building facades and to minimize errors in the design and execution phases, in turn leading to a reduction of repair costs during the service life
Analysing energy poverty in warm climate zones in Spain through artificial intelligence
(Elsevier, 2023) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Marín García, David; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Using automated tools to detect energy poverty (EP) is a developing field. Artificial intelligence and data mining could be used to provide solutions to reduce EP cases. As for Spain, there is no study addressing this characterization that could be significant in warmer zones of the country (i.e., the most exposed zones to climate change). Simulated energy consumption data were used with data of energy prices and family units' incomes based on the public income indicator of multiple effects (IPREM in Spanish). In addition, the high share of energy expenditure in income (2 M) was used to assess EP. A total of 36,230,400 cases were simulated to train and test 312 prediction models, 104 by each algorithm. The algorithms were multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), and M5P. The results showed that these three algorithms were appropriate, with tree-type models obtaining better estimates. For greater effectiveness, prediction models should also be used for the income threshold considered in their development. The results also showed the utility of artificial intelligence in the prediction of EP without performing an energy analysis in detail, thus optimizing energy managers and social workers' work. In addition, prediction tools could be used to estimate monthly family units’ EP situation.
Distances of transmission risk of Covid-19 inside dwellings and evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal proximity warning sounds
(John Wiley, 2021) Marín García, David; Moyano, Juan; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica
One of the main modes of transmission and propagation of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is the direct contact with respiratory droplets transmitted among individuals at a certain distance. There are indoor spaces, such as dwellings, in which the transmission risk is high. This research aims to record and analyze risk close contacts in this scope, experimentally assessing the effectiveness of using electronic proximity warning sound devices or systems. For this purpose, the methodology is based on monitoring the location of the occupants of a dwelling. Then, the days in which a proximity warning sound system is installed and activated are compared to the days in which the system is not activated. The results stressed the significant reduction of time and number of close contacts among individuals when the warning was activated. Regarding the relation between the number and the duration of close contacts, together with the reductions mentioned, the possibility of making certain predictions based on the distributions obtained is proved. All this contributes to the progress in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission because of close contacts in dwellings.
Asbestos from building and how to advance in the regulation of its permanent elimination through inertization and recycling. The case of Italy and Spain
(Publicaciones Dyna, 2021) Pica, Stefanía; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
El amianto o asbesto ha sido utilizado de forma masiva para múltiples aplicaciones durante mucho tiempo. No obstante, una vez descubiertas las afecciones y enfermedades relacionadas con este material, la Unión Europea (UE) decidió intervenir en la cues-tión a través de una compleja regulación que los Estados miem-bros debían trasponer a su ordenamiento jurídico nacional. En este sentido, resulta de especial interés la regulación de la eliminación de los residuos procedentes de construcciones arquitectónicas y su demolición. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio se centra en averiguar si dicha regulación pudiera ser mejorada para avanzar en la eliminación permanente, y si es posible el reciclaje, de es-tos materiales. Para ello se analizan comparativamente el caso de dos países (Italia y España) que perteneciendo ambos a la Unión Europea, sin embargo, presentan ciertas diferencias. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se desarrolla una metodología basada en el estudio y análisis comparativo de la regulación en ambos países, especial-mente en cuanto a los requisitos operativos en un vertedero auto-rizado. Para finalizar, se analizan los procedimientos y tecnologías de eliminación permanente como es el caso de la inertización y su posible regulación y se confirma la necesidad de acometer una regulación en cuanto a aplicar técnicas basadas en la eliminación definitiva del problema, ya que el depósito eterno en vertedero no resulta una solución razonable.
Risk of bioaerosols in small and poorly ventilated indoor places with low concurrent use
(Publicaciones Dyna, 2024) Marín García, David; Espino Pérez, Manuel Ubaldo; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Fernández-Valderrama, Pedro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Currently, the risk of aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses such as SARS-Cov-2 indoors is recognised. Therefore, the objective of this work is focused on the study of small and poorly ventilated indoor spaces with low concurrent use, to find out if it is possible in a simple way to obtain at least an orientation of the potential risk for users at each moment of use. The methodology is based on the study of the existing bibliography, analysing models, equations, and calculations to find out if it is possible to use any of them to the case and that at the same time does not present excessive complexity. The results and conclusions indicate that there are clear limitations (fluid dynamics- aerodynamic, influence by temperature, light and humidity, or situations in which the user speaks, sings, shouts, coughs, or sneezes), but useful approximations can be offered regarding the risk of use.
Cost and time risk factors in construction projects in the Dominican Republic
(Frontiers Media, 2024-07-16) Fernández-Valderrama, Pedro; Ureña Estrella, Crismal; Moyano, Juan; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3D y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
The building sector is very dynamic and complex, so construction works are surrounded by uncertainties. The deficiencies of this sector are mainly related to poor project planning and management, resulting in losses because of missed deadlines, cost overruns, reworks, and unsatisfied clients. For a project to be successful, all the parties involved should work together to effectively manage the risks that could emerge in the project life cycle. This research defines and establishes a classification of the factors causing cost and time deviations in construction projects in the Dominican Republic. For this purpose, the most common factors are compiled, and their risk levels are determined by using the data obtained in a survey in which professionals from the building sector participated. The indexes marked by the participants show that the serious risk factors are design variations and the variations made by clients, a tight project schedule and the preparation of bid offers, deficiencies in the work planning and schedule, the lack of skilled labour, and work performance errors.
Interrelations between the types of damages and their original causes in the envelope of buildings
(Elsevier, 2021) Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel Jesús; Rodríguez Jiménez, Carlos Eugenio; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Moyano, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The envelope is the skin that covers buildings and protects them from weather and outdoor actions. Consequently, this envelope is prone to have many deficiencies. This paper analyses 2030 cases that correspond to current Spanish buildings, from which the pathology combinations are categorised. In other words, each case studied is associated and quantified with the type of existing damage, the construction unit in which the damage occurred, and its original cause, thus showing the most recurrent and dominant combination and the construction typology where pathology combinations took place. A total of 10 groups of pathology combinations were determined in the horizontal envelope, and 34 groups in the vertical envelope. The results could be useful for technicians to have a very significant view of the most troubled points of envelopes, so preventive measures can be adopted when writing the project (design phase) and performing construction works. In this manner, damages would be reduced in the building envelope, as well as use costs, and habitability conditions would be improved, thus contributing to the most sustainable behaviour of the building process.
Patentes de innovación en edificación: un ámbito idóneo para los arquitectos técnicos
(Consejo General de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos, 2017) Marín García, David; Moyano, Juan; Ortega López, Humberto; Rico Delgado, Fernando; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Reverse engineering based on digital data capture in situ as a methodology for the study of space labor risk in construction works and its applicability in BIM
(MDPI, 2024-04-15) Moyano, Juan; Romero Dorado, José; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Marín García, David; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
In the intelligent manufacturing process and digitization, new research spaces have been created, such as reverse engineering and its use for the detection of risks in construction. For this reason, in this research, an analysis methodology is proposed that, through terrestrial laser scanner records in different phases of the work, allows for an analysis and evaluation of the identification of security risks. In addition, by capturing different processes, it can be determined not only interferences from different operators that can generate risk but also establish quality standards in construction, such as determining the thicknesses of the coating of the concrete manufactured “in situ”. Therefore, this research responds to quality analysis in the material execution of the activity and construction of formwork systems and their safety, as well as defining the location of the static and dynamic elements of the model. This value of the morphometric parameter of the building and the scene to be represented characterizes the morphometrics of the work execution activities and finally evaluates the semantic information model of the BIM construction, in which the deformations between the ideal model and what was executed. With the results of this study, it can be concluded that the latest 3D model reconstruction techniques (BIM), together with comparison algorithms, can determine millimeter precision, and with that, it can establish a better method for inspection, evaluation, and control through non-destructive technology.

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