Artículos (Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11317

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The Lost Golden Room Courtyard Gallery in the Alhambra: Sources, Graphic Analysis and Digital Reconstruction
(MDPI, 2025) Gámiz-Gordo, Antonio; Kaiser, Keelan; Núñez-González, María; Barrero Ortega, Pedro José; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The palatial architecture of the Nasrid Alhambra in Granada was organized around courtyards that have been restored or transformed over the centuries. This research analyzes and graphically recreates a wooden gallery that was built in the Patio del Cuarto Dorado (Courtyard of the Golden Room) by the Catholic Monarchs, which disappeared around 1872. The methodology is based on the compilation of documentary sources and graphic analysis as the basis for new manual and digital drawings. Although no archival documentation detailing its construction or demolition has been identified, a large set of historical images (plans, views, and photographs) has been gathered, analyzed, and arranged chronologically. From these, freehand sketches were drawn to understand its construction elements, using other preserved galleries as a reference. Using this graphic documentation and measurements of the current courtyard, scale drawings were made. All of this allowed for the creation of a reconstructed digital model, the digital fabrication of a small-scale model, and the development of new representational graphics using advanced media. In this way, the aim is to understand and introduce the gallery that occupied this courtyard for centuries, offering a new view of the complex transformations of an architectural complex included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Analysis and precision of a low cost GNSS receiver for georeference in cultural heritage and historic landscape for an HBIM environment
(IOP Publishing, 2025) Moyano, Juan; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Marín García, David; Fernández-Valderrama, Pedro; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
For the most part, government institutions recognize that cultural heritage is a source of unparalleled expression of humanity’s footprint over time and therefore must be adequately studied, managed, and preserved. To achieve this, and especially in the case of monuments and sites of cultural-historical interest, various techniques and methodologies are employed to facilitate the acquisition of precise geometric information and geographic location. In this context, the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers enables something as fundamental as connecting the digitally reconstructed heritage model with a geographic information system located in terrestrial space. Considering that low-cost GNSS receivers are currently emerging and improving these processes and their speed of execution, this study proposes a research framework where, through measurement techniques and knowledge of the limitations of experimental methods, the precision of a low-cost GNSS receiver is used as a measurement element to establish control points in photogrammetry using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The results show that the Leica Zeno FLX100 intelligent device achieves a precision of around 0.015 metres, surpassing that of other consolidated Global Positioning System (GPS) devices on the market, and that this equipment is more operational and effective for establishing Ground Control Points (GCPs) in aerial photogrammetry flights due to its speed in recording data and sending it to operators. The experimental samples were collected in two work areas: rural and urban environments. Performance was measured in terms of accuracy and feasibility in the Building Information Model (BIM) environment. In a static-urban context, the differentials between both receivers were practically identical, except on the X axis. In a dynamic-rural context, the low-cost receiver produced better results than the comparison receiver.
Las puertas renacentistas de la muralla de Sevilla
(Aran Ediciones, 2025-07-01) Gámiz-Gordo, Antonio; Barrero Ortega, Pedro José; Manzano Martos, Rafael; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; HUM976: Expregráfica. Lugar, Arquitectura y Dibujo
La muralla de Sevilla tuvo importantes puertas renacentistas que fueron ideadas por el arquitecto Hernán Ruiz II hacia 1560. En este artículo se aportan datos y destacadas imágenes anteriores a su derribo hacia 1857-1869, se consideran sus vestigios arqueológicos, sus reconstrucciones gráficas en el siglo XXI y se propone su reconstrucción material como símbolos de identidad y fuente de progreso.
Descubriendo la prehistoria con un móvil: digitalización 3D de la cueva de La Pileta
(Conversation Media Group, 2025) Antón García, Daniel; Mayoral Valsera, Juan; Simón Vallejo, María Dolores; Cortés Sánchez, Miguel; Parrilla-Giráldez, Rubén; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Prehistoria y Arqueología
Built-in smartphone LiDAR for archaeological and speleological research
(Elsevier, 2025) Antón García, Daniel; Mayoral Valsera, Juan; Simón Vallejo, María Dolores; Parrilla Giráldez, Rubén; Cortés Sánchez, Miguel; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Prehistoria y Arqueología
LiDAR technology is reshaping cave surveying by providing detailed 3D models that enhance the accuracy of morphological and rock art digitisation and reduce subjective interpretation. This technology, in its varied forms and solely or combined with other remote sensing techniques such as photogrammetry, enriches the documentation and supports multidisciplinary research by enabling spatial analyses and virtual exploration, thus opening new possibilities in various fields such as archaeology, geology, speleology, tourism or education. In this sense, this research aimed to democratise the use of low-cost mobile LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) 3D scanning, subjected to fewer accessibility limitations than tripod-mounted Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), in cave archaeology and speleology. For this purpose, La Pileta Cave in M´ alaga (Spain) was chosen as a case study. Declared a Spanish National Monument in 1924, the cave boasts one of the greatest collections of prehistoric art in Europe and, therefore, a reference in South Iberia, and outstands out for its varied karstic morphologies. The research methodology involved a systematic process to ensure clarity and accuracy. First, the main itinerary in La Pileta was scanned using the smartphone LiDAR technique. This was followed by a Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) survey of a specific sector within the same itinerary, with numerous morphological details of its karstic environment and important Palaeolithic rock art samples. Both the smartphone LiDAR and TLS spatial data were then validated against a Ground Control Points (GCPs) network previously established using a total station. Given the higher accuracy of TLS for graphical documentation, it was further employed as a benchmark to validate the accuracy of smartphone LiDAR. Despite its limitations, this research revealed smartphone LiDAR as a suitable technique for geometric data recording in cave archaeology and speleology. Solely or combined with TLS, mobile LiDAR can be used to document rock art panels in karstic environments, surpassing the latter technique in terms of texture quality. In addition to the accurate graphic documentation carried out in the cave sector, this research broke down the advantages and disadvantages of the smartphone LiDAR technique and provided a series of recommendations for its use in this context.
Sobre la reconstrucción de la Puerta de la Carne
(Colegio Oficial de Aparejadores y Arquitectos Técnicos de Sevilla, 2025-07) Barrero Ortega, Pedro José; Antón García, Daniel; Gámiz-Gordo, Antonio; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; -; HUM976: Expregráfica. Lugar, Arquitectura y Dibujo; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
Esta investigación ha analizado datos históricos e imágenes de la Puerta de la Carne entre los siglos XVI y XIX para visualizar y comprender sus transformaciones arquitectónicas y urbanas. Además, ha acometido su reconstrucción gráfica, por primera vez con rigor científico, considerando los principios de la Carta de Londres de 2006 y los Principios de Sevilla de 2012 ratificados por ICOMOS en 2017. Como base de la reconstrucción se ha usado una fotografía datada hacia 1855, anterior a la demolición de esta singular obra en 1864. Se han consultado tratados de arquitectura del siglo XVI para croquizar los detalles de la composición y se ha realizado un escaneado láser de su actual entorno urbano. Para integrar y visualizar todo ello se han usado técnicas de motor gráfico de videojuegos. De este modo, se trata de poner en valor este importante patrimonio arquitectónico desaparecido y se pretende abrir un debate sobre su posible reconstrucción material.
Historical Images of the Pinelo Palace in Seville
(University of L'Aquila, Department of Civil Construction, Building and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, 2025-08-08) Gámiz-Gordo, Antonio; Barrero Ortega, Pedro José; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; -; HUM976: Expregráfica. Lugar, Arquitectura y Dibujo
One of the wealthiest merchants in Seville at the end of the 15th century, the Genoese Francisco Pinelo, funder of the second voyage to America by Christopher Columbus, commissioned a Renaissance palace which in subsequent years would have different uses and transformations, reflected in images found in public and private archives. This research gathers and analyzes for the first time said graphic legacy, in relation with other documentary sources and the current architectural reality. The revision of data on its origins reveals an outstanding text from 1542 describing the palace when it belonged to the Cathedral of Seville. The first identified plan, a work by José Álvarez in 1790, shows only the plot drawn. Towards 1830, Richard and Harriet Ford illustrated the main courtyard, and in 1869, the architect Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt published two drawings of said patio, which hosted a children school after its disentailment. Between 1885 and 1964, the palace was transformed into the Pensión Don Marcos, as shown in different postcards and photographs. In 1954, the palace was declared a national monument, then expropriated in 1964. The architect Jesús Gómez Millán draw the first distribution plan and directed the consolidation works between 1967 and 1971. Professor Rafael Manzano restored the palace between 1969 and 1981 for its current use as venue of the Reales Academias de Buenas Letras y de Bellas Artes. In the 21st century, other drawings were accomplished using both traditional and digital techniques. This selection of images is essential to understand the transformations and disseminate the architectural legacy of the Pinelo Palace as a true symbol of its identity.
Optimizing water demand in citrus orchards: a novel model using evolutionary algorithms on Sentinel-1 time series data
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Cabello Franco, Emilio José; Antón García, Daniel; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Perea Torres, Francisco; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica
Citrus fruits are crucial globally, impacting economies and livelihoods. However, climate change is affecting water availability and usage, posing challenges for managing water in citrus crops. This paper introduces CARP-flux, a new model designed to assess water needs in citrus orchards, specifically addressing the limitations of traditional methods under changing climates. The study was conducted in El Hundido, an irrigation village located in the Vega del Guadalquivir Valley near Cantillana, Seville (Spain), acknowledged as a significant citrus trade area at both the European and national levels. To adjust the model to contemporary climate conditions, time-series data from the Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide (IW) satellite (VV and VH polarizations) from 2021 and 2022 were employed. Employing genetic algorithms and the Weibull distribution, the study incorporated 3D radiation models from backscatter data, a spatial interpretation of water and radiation dynamics, which, in turn, validated CARP-flux’s performance. This model proved effective in identifying land-use changes and evaluating radiation intensity, which are critical factors for understanding crop water needs in climate change scenarios. CARP-flux offers a precise alternative to the conventional Hargreaves technique for citrus groves, which underestimates water requirements in irrigated and humid regions with ample soil moisture, such as the Vega del Guadalquivir.
Semantic HBIM for heritage conservation: a methodology for mapping deterioration and structural deformation in historic envelopes
(MDPI, 2025-06-10) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Robador González, María Dolores; Moyano, Juan; Bruno, Silvana; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación; TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
The conservation and intervention of heritage structures require a flexible, interdisciplinary environment capable of managing data throughout the building’s life cycle. Historic building information modeling (HBIM) has emerged as an effective tool for supporting these processes. Originally conceived for parametric construction modeling, BIM can also integrate historical transformations, aiding in maintenance and preservation. Historic buildings often feature complex geometries and visible material traces of time, requiring detailed analysis. This research proposes a methodology for documenting and assessing the envelope of historic buildings by locating, classifying, and recording transformations, deterioration, and structural deformations. The approach is based on semantic segmentation and classification using data from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), applied to the Palace of Miguel de Mañara—an iconic 17th-century building in Seville. Archival images were integrated into the HBIM model to identify previous restoration interventions and assess current deterioration. The methodology included geometric characterization, material mapping, semantic segmentation, diagnostic input, and temporal analysis. The results validated a process for detecting pathological cracks in masonry facades, providing a collaborative HBIM framework enriched with expert-validated data to support repair decisions and guide conservation efforts.
Optimizing best-fit algorithms for complex cross-vault geometries in HBIM generation using point cloud data
(Elsevier, 2025-08) Moyano, Juan; Barazzetti, Luigi; Previtali, Mattia; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
Builders of the past naturally adjusted geometries to fit existing surfaces. Today, replicating these forms during the 3D digitization of historical elements poses a significant challenge for BIM operators. Achieving a precise fit for the geometry of a cross-vault facilitates the implementation of the Scan-to-BIM approach for repetitive objects with significant variations in their geometry. This paper introduces a descriptive mathematical model that provides BIM experts with a foundation for creating multiple geometric replicas. The approach employs clustering algorithms, optimization techniques, frequency analysis via Fourier transform, and ordinary Kriging interpolation. Two parametric BIM models are developed: one simple model defined by five variables and another more complex model defined by nine geometric variables. Both models are validated against the segmented point cloud. The results indicate interpolated standard deviations of ±0.0085 m for the simple vault and ± 0.0066 m for the complex vault. The difference between using the simple and complex vault models is ±0.0082 m, representing a variation of 0.01 % in the values of the five optimized parameters.
Integrating wooden altarpieces into H-BIM: Geometric profiling, complex artworks, and digital heritage mapping
(Elsevier, 2025-07) Moyano, Juan; Martínez Pérez, Eva; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Fernández Alconchel, María; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación
In the study and conservation of Cultural Heritage, various disciplines contribute to the research aimed at extracting information from both historical objects and heritage buildings. The contribution of this work is part of an interdisciplinary process to model, register, and evaluate complex models of knowledge. Evaluate a complex model, where there are works of art made of wood, painting, and sculpture. The results demonstrate a process of analysis and geometric characterisation of the shapes, in which most of the profiles are worked with a new methodology of the Best Fit Model (BFMP), and in which its analysis represents a deviation between a range of 7 and 9 mm. The development of low-relief models is based on the Poisson reconstruction equation, applied through a variable workflow using multiple software tools. Furthermore, an Entity Information Matrix (EIM) is introduced, enhancing the exchange and classification of architectural data. This study supports the integration of real-world 3D scans into BIM environments, providing a replicable model particularly suited for the digitization of altarpieces and façades.
Estudio iconográfico y restitución digital del grabado de John Breval asociado a las ruinas de Itálica, Santiponce (Sevilla)
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025) González Gracia, Elena; Merlo, Alessandro; Ferreira Lopes, Patricia; Guerrero Vega, José María; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Las campañas arqueológicas en el teatro y otras edificaciones de la VetusUrbs romana de Itálica en Santiponce (Sevilla) han propiciado su asociación, en las últimas décadas, con un grabado publicado en 1726 en la obra Remarks on Several Parts of Europe de John Breval. Al preguntarnos sobre la intención de representación de este documento gráfico, surgen algunas contradicciones entre su valor como obra de arte capaz de evocar una ilusión en un colectivo y como objeto de información que aporta datos sobre los elementos representados. Esta aportación pretende analizar los elementos gráficos que han animado esta analogía y contrastar su grado de veracidad a través de recursos digitales. Para ello, se propone comparar los resultados del estudio iconográfico de la obra con una restitución digital de los restos conservados.
Implementation and management of structural deformations into Historic Building Information Models
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Antón García, Daniel; Moyano, Juan; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Building Information Modeling for the conservation and maintenance of architectural and cultural heritage is a great scientific debate nowadays. The creation of an HBIM model allows managing the geometry of the building and exchanging information between the experts involved in the conservation of historic buildings. This paper fosters the creation of an as-built-HBIM containing detailed structural deformations, for which modeling processes with scarce presence in the scientific literature are required. In this sense, two modeling procedures for a structural HBIM Project are proposed for the Pavilion of Carlos V in the Real Alcázar in Seville, Spain. Also, two states of the structural HBIM Project of the Pavilion are geometrically analyzed: 1) theoreticalHBIM, without deformations, generated by using measurements from documentary sources, and 2) as-built-HBIM created from point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry. The results of this paper show significant structural discrepancies in the geometry between both HBIM Projects
Collaborative Workflow in an HBIM Project for the Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage
(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Farratell, Javier; Bouzas Cavada, Manuel; Moyano, Juan; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
A restoration and conservation project for a building with heritage values requires an increasingly efficient and sustainable methodology. Based on a collaborative ‘Teamwork’ HBIM (Historic Building Information Modelling) project, this paper aims to describe the technical processes applied to a 16th-century historic building to support an open and interoperable workflow between the participating agents. The process is transparent and controllable by operators and disciplines, ensuring direct and continuous access to project data. The study focuses on implementing effective procedures for the identification and classification of heritage architecture. The first stage comprises the analysis of the geometry and materiality of the existing architecture, using data acquisition technologies such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Structure-fromMotion (SfM) photogrammetry. The information modelling of the historic building begins with a medium level of knowledge, based on the metric survey and enriched by the materiality of the textures deriving from the point cloud. This enables a modelling approach that fits building components to the real geometry of the historic building, considering the deformations and irregularities that occur over time. In the next phase, the BIM project is developed through the analysis of the construction characteristics, materials, and architectural structuring in the historical evolution of the building. The difference between intervening in architectural heritage and new construction lies in the search for the transposition of construction techniques in walls with a long history, thus requiring classification and sectorisation of the various systems used. It is then required to segment the construction systems based on a semantic study of the walls that make up the envelope of the historic architecture. Programming objects in Python within the BIM platform enables the automated identification processes. The method is applied in the identification of the integrating elements of a larger construction entity, such as the stone ashlars of the masonry wall, and the classification by their constructiontemporal dating. The main novelty of this research is the use of the object-oriented programming language (OOP), which automates operations based on an open-source structure and allows the operability of cataloguing, classification, and reuse characteristics.
An efficient process for the management of the deterioration and conservation of Architectural Heritage: the HBIM Project of the Duomo of Molfetta (Italy)
(MDPI, 2024) Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Bruno, Silvana; Moyano, Juan; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The work developed aims to present an innovative methodology to execute the heritage conservation processes in a collaborative and interdisciplinary Building Information Modeling (BIM) project, with an effective management of the deterioration suffered over time, emphasizing the structures and coatings. The research begins with an architectural survey using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and terrestrial photogrammetry software, Structure from Motion (SfM), studying study the Duomo of Molfetta (Italy), a unique Romanesque architecture of Puglia (Italy). The methodological process is mainly aided by the precise semantic segmentation of global point clouds, a semi-automatic process assisted by classification algorithms implemented in the Cyclone 3DR postprocessing software, which has allowed the classification of the unstructured information provided by the remote sensing equipment when identifying the architectural-structural systems of a building with high historical values. Subsequently, it was possible to develop an efficient Scan-to-HBIM workflow, where the Heritage BIM (HBIM) project has fulfilled the function of a database by incorporating and organizing all the information (graphic and non-graphic) to optimize the tasks of auscultation, identification, classification, and quantification and, in turn, facilitating the parametric modeling of unique structures and architectural elements. The results have shown great effectiveness in the processes of characterization of architectural heritage, focusing on the deformations and deterioration of the masonry in columns and pilasters. To make multidisciplinary conservation work more flexible, specific properties have been created for the identification and analysis of the degradation detected in the structures, with the HBIM project constituting a manager of the control and inspection activities. The restoration technician interacts with the determined 3D element to mark the “type decay”, managing the properties in the element’s own definition window. Interactive schemes have been defined that incorporate the items for the mapping of the elements, as well as particular properties of a conservation process (intervention, control, and maintenance). All listed parametric elements have links to be viewed in 2D and 3D views. Therefore, the procedure has facilitated the auscultation of the scanned element as it is semantically delimited, the parametric modeling of it, the analytical study of its materials and deterioration, and the association of intrinsic parameters so that they can be evaluated by all the intervening agents. But there are still some difficulties for the automatic interpretation of 3D point cloud data, related to specific systems of the historical architecture. In conclusion, human action and interpretation continues to be a fundamental pillar to achieve precise results in a heritage environment.
Métodos de trabajo y resultados de refuerzos en madera de un forjado del siglo XVII de la Sacristía de San Miguel en Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla)
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2017) Ariza López, Iñigo; Guerrero Vega, José María; Pinto Puerto, Francisco Sebastián; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
Durante el pasado siglo se pusieron en práctica numerosas soluciones de refuerzo de antiguos forjados de madera mediante losas que pretendían suplir las carencias de funcionamiento por causas reológicas o por deterioro de algunas de sus piezas. Algunas de estas soluciones, sin embargo, supusieron una sobrecarga innecesaria que agravó las patologías previas con el paso del tiempo, hasta el punto de requerir su apuntalamiento. Éste es el caso de uno de los forjados de la sacristía de la parroquia de San Miguel de Morón, un edificio levantado en el transcurso del siglo XVII anexo al templo. Los pisos de sus dos plantas estaban solucionados mediante forjados de vigas de madera y bovedillas de yeso. Como parte de los trabajos de restauración realizados en 2013, se desmontó un refuerzo previo realizado en 1970 mediante losa de hormigón, para ejecutar posteriormente un novedoso tipo de refuerzo con madera laminada, pretensando la unión entre las piezas nuevas y viejas, lo que ha permitido reducir de forma notable las flechas, mantener todos sus elementos principales y obtener un comportamiento más eficiente. La presente aportación expone las condiciones previas a la intervención, el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos durante esta restauración valorando los cálculos y previsiones realizadas.
Geometric characterization and segmentation of historic buildings using classification algorithms and convolutional networks in HBIM
(Elsevier, 2024-11) Moyano, Juan; Musicco, Antonella; Nieto Julián, Juan Enrique; Domínguez Morales, Juan Pedro; Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla; TEP970: Innovación Tecnológica, Sistemas de Modelado 3d y Diagnosis Energética en Patrimonio y Edificación; TEP108: Robótica y Tecnología de Computadores
Building Information Models (BIM) are essential for managing information and creating 3D digital representations, especially in the study of historic buildings. However, generating BIM models from point clouds in these structures is challenging due to complex algorithms and architectural forms. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are beginning to automate point cloud classification and segmentation, but fully effective methods for historic buildings are still lacking. This study compares Machine Learning (ML) methodologies and a Deep Learning (DL) classifier. It evaluates the effectiveness of a neighbourhood algorithm with commercial software used by geometers and surveyors, and the applicability of convolutional networks. The methods tested include the Random Forest algorithm in MATLAB, commercial geomatics software, and a variant of the PointNet architecture for DL. The results are evaluated by BIM experts, highlighting the high effectiveness of these approaches and their potential contributions to the field.
Methodology to determine the adequacy of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras and their application to medical emergency services
(Elsevier, 2020) Marín García, David; Moyano, Juan; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Antón García, Daniel; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
When an infrared thermography camera is used inside buildings, the characteristics of the place where the camera is used should be considered since results could be affected. For this reason, the development of methodologies is of great interest to know, as accurate as possible, whether these spaces have the appropriate conditions to use those cameras. The goal of this research is to establish the possibility of applying quality management methodologies, such as the Quality Function Deployment, very known and usually used in other scopes. Thus, the characteristics of enclosures belonging to medical emergency units in Spain were used as the object of experimentation given the importance of these services for society and the possibility of using directly useful technologies for diagnosis. After collecting the starting information based on references, the consultation to 21 experts, and the characteristics of these enclosures included in regulations, standards and recommendations in Spain, and also after applying the methodology mentioned above, the results showed that air conditioning (13.6/100), the thermal insulation of the room (11.9/100), windows (10.5/100), dimensions of spaces (10.2/100), and humidity (10.1/100) are the most influential factors. Within the scope of medical emergency services, those triage, consultation, examination, treatment, and observation rooms fulfilling what is specified by Spanish regulations, standards and recommendations obtained positive assessments (≥3/5) in most cases. It was therefore concluded that this methodology is of great interest to assess generally the suitability of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras, and regarding the specific case of the main enclosures of medical emergency services fulfilling with Spanish standards and recommendations, their characteristics make them suitable for using infrared thermography cameras, at least in relation to the fulfilment of basic conditions.
Is the analysis scale crucial to assess energy poverty? Analysis of yearly and monthly assessments using the 2M indicator in the south of Spain
(Elsevier, 2023) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Sánchez García, Daniel; Marín García, David; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
Energy poverty has been addressed as a global problem. Many studies have been conducted, and several indicators have been established to detect energy poverty. However, most analyses have been performed at a yearly level without considering the differences throughout the year. This study performed a sensitivity analysis to determine these differences using the 2 M indicator in 36,230,400 case studies in the south of Spain, which is a warm zone with great energy poverty, as well as vulnerable to climate change effects. The results showed that monthly assessment could increase energy poverty situations in the months with greater climate severity, compared to yearly assessment. That increase in winter and summer months raised energy poverty cases over 20 %, with these months being those with greater vulnerability due to cold and heat waves, respectively. The results also showed that variations were independent of both the technical characteristics of the dwelling and the use of HVAC systems. Energy poverty cases were reduced only in the summer months with the adaptive approach, which considers thermal adaptation. The use of the 2 M indicator in monthly scales can detect vulnerable family units that cannot be detected by yearly studies, so monthly scales are crucial for governments to adopt energy poverty policies and strategies
Influence of ICHTC correlations on the thermal characterization of façades using the quantitative internal infrared thermography method
(Elsevier, 2019) Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Bermúdez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier; Moyano, Juan; Marín García, David; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación
The thermal characterization of façades of the existing building stock is essential to establish optimal energy conservation measures. There are different methods to characterize thermal properties of façades. The quantitative internal infrared thermography method is among those most developed. Given the existing differences in the scientific literature among the proposals of the method, this study analysed the influence of the internal convective heat transfer coefficient (ICHTC). In total, 25 correlations of temperature differences (temperature of the wall and internal air temperature) were analysed, as well as 20 correlations of dimensionless numbers. To do this, an experimental campaign was performed in 3 façades belonging to the most representative building periods of the building stock in Spain. First, a cluster analysis was carried out to determine similarities among the equations analysed, using the Ward method as an agglomerative hierarchical method and the Euclidean distance as an association measurement. In total, 12 and 8 groups were obtained for correlations of temperature difference and of dimensionless numbers, respectively. Afterwards, results associated with each approach were obtained. These results showed that a better adjustment was obtained for correlations of dimensionless numbers by using the approach of convection and radiation, with an average value of representative results higher than 80%

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