Artículos (Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11327

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A comparative analysis of preservation and revitalization policies for traditional villages in China and Italy
(MDPI, 2025-09-29) Su, Yang; Chen, Xinyi; Almodóvar Melendo, José Manuel; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
China and Italy, both ancient civilizations, have numerous traditional villages that bear witness to history and support the transmission of cultural heritage. However, these villages face challenges such as homogenized development, population outflow, and disruptions in cultural continuity. While both Chinese and Italian traditional villages have received considerable scholarly attention, their comparative study remains relatively limited, leaving the transferability of respective solutions across different legal, heritage and planning contexts to be fully explored. This study aims to adapt and transfer Italy’s contiguous protection, integrated operation, national park designation, and community partnership policies to China in order to establish a comprehensive mechanism for preservation and revitalization of traditional villages. A cross-case study of Cinque Terre (Italy) and Jiande (China), incorporating on-site mapping, governance analysis, and interviews, reveals that Italy’s integrated community-based approach markedly outperforms China’s fragmented state-led model in sustaining population, culture and tourism quality. These findings provide a globally replicable paradigm for traditional village preservation.
Patrimonio habitado: rehabilitación de casas de vecinos mediante procesos cooperativos y salvaguardia ecológica y social de entornos patrimoniales
(Ministerio de Fomento: Dirección General de Arquitectura, Vivienda y Suelo, 2025-10-16) Redaelli, Gaia; Ortiz Miranda, Jacinta; Anaya Sahuco, Carlos; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM666: Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos
La tendencia a la despoblación no solo afecta a los entornos rurales de ‘la España vaciada’, sino también a los cascos históricos, en una ciudad que paradójicamente sigue expandiéndose mientras sus zonas patrimoniales sufren procesos de pérdida de población, gentrificación y turistificación. Ante este desafío, la “comunidad patrimonial” tiene un papel en la regeneración urbana para rehabitar lugares sensibles, una forma de resiliencia frente a su homogeneización. Las casas de vecinos recuperadas mediante procesos cooperativos surgen como una alternativa habitacional sostenible en el caso de Córdoba y, en sus dimensiones material e inmaterial, adquieren la categoría de células ecosociales de la ciudad mediterránea. El articulo analiza prácticas de economía social en la regeneración urbana en el marco de la Faro Convention Network del Consejo de Europa, que buscan preservar el patrimonio habitado a través de la “comunidad patrimonial”, frente a la turistificación y la despoblación, centrándose en el caso de la estrategia PAX-Patios de la Axerquía en Córdoba, como laboratorio patrimonial.
Harmonizing indoor air quality standards across Europe: A comparative analysis framework for building material regulations and public health protection
(Elsevier, 2025) Rey-Álvarez, Belén; Sánchez-Montañés Macías, Benito; Silvestre, Elisabet; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM1008: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Ecología
Indoor air quality (IAQ) regulation across European Union Member States exhibits significant fragmentation, creating unequal health protection for populations spending 80–90% of their time indoors. This study develops a novel three-dimensional comparative framework to systematically evaluate IAQ regulatory approaches across seven European jurisdictions, focusing on construction material emissions and sustainable building integration.
Agrarian voids as dynamic spaces in the contemporary city. The historic orchards of Nerja, Malaga
(Firenze University, 2025) Chacón Carretón, Celia; Loren-Méndez, Mar; Millán Millán, Pablo Manuel; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Proyectos Arquitectónicos
Agriculture and architecture are realities in continuous dialogue in many territories where the productive landscape is an inherent part of the built environment, especially those on a smaller scale with an immediate presence in the city, such as the orchards, which has been attacked by urban development, causing a fracture detrimental to historical logic. Through a detailed typological study of the orchards of Nerja, Malaga, this research places these lands at the center of the narrative, providing a historical analysis that addresses the uniqueness and idiosyncrasy of the orchard as a holistic space, both agricultural and urban. Using a methodology that combines the study of the historical dimension and the unprecedented contemporary drawing of the orchard in its complexity, the potential and urgency of these agrarian voids in the contemporary city is confirmed. Forgotten and marginal redoubts, whose informal presence currently represents the dynamic, spontaneity and identity-driven escapism of Nerja and its inhabitants.
'TourGIStized’: a tool for assessing the physical impacts of overtourism on heritage areas. Its application to Seville
(Elsevier, 2025-03-06) Romero Ojeda, José Manuel; Sánchez-Montañés Macías, Benito; Lorusso, Flaviano; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM1008: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Ecología
This research aims to establish new strategies for heritage protection through the development of a tool to assess the impact of overtourism on the architectural, urban and heritage elements that are fundamental to the historic centres of medium-sized European cities. Building on methodologies for managing tourism impacts, initially studied in the city of Florence, a new complex, geo-referenced database is applied and subsequently tested on the city of Seville. This database contains information on tourist activity and its relationship with building and heritage assets. The analysis of tourist data alongside information on the buildings, heritage and urban space included in the study area makes it possible to identify and manage the conflicts arising from tourist activity which impact the architectural, urban form and historic urban landscape dynamics in this area. By controlling these phenomena, a more sustainable urban life and tourism is encouraged. To facilitate access for scholars and public administration, this information is accessible for consultation through a set of interactive maps available via the ArcGIS StoryMaps interface.
Advances in illumination of lengthy road tunnels by means of innovative vaulting and sustainable control of flicker perturbations
(MDPI, 2025-07-22) Cabeza Laínez, José María; Peña García, Antonio Manuel; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Traditional approaches in tunnel lighting have been directed toward the installation of appropriate luminaires in the intermediate and transitional sections with the simple objective of diminishing the effect of delayed visual accommodation during daylight hours. Such efforts run in parallel with the target of keeping the huge electrical use at the lowest level. Nevertheless, inadequate attention has been conceded to the interior areas, whose noticeable longitude in several instances, and subsequently the duration of occupancy of the users, can produce discomfort in the majority of the tunnel or underground passageway. It is in this region where the flicker effect presents a more remarkable impact. Although such effect is in fact uncomfortable, the strategies to eliminate it efficiently have not been developed in depth and the result is still deserving, especially in terms of sustainability. The reasons for this neglect, as well as some particularities and solutions, are exposed and discussed in the present article. Specifically, it is proved that the use of sunlight can be an adequate initiative and a positive energy input into design and retrofit tunnels capable of hampering or totally avoiding such unwanted effect. The innovative tunnel geometry explained in this manuscript is not cylindrical, and it is not based in revolution forms. Thus, it prevents the appearance of such unnerving visual effects, which compromise sustainability and endanger security. We are in the position to explain how the vector field generated by the normal to the points of the novel surface displayed remains non-parallel, ensuring appropriate diffusivity and, consequently, an even distribution of radiated energy. In the same manner, the notion of the tunnel is extended from a linear system to a veritable network of galleries, which can traverse in space bi- or even three-dimensionally. Accordingly, we will offer diverse instances of junctions and splices that further enhance the permeability into the terrain, augmenting the resilience capabilities of this disruptive technology. With all the former, a net reduction of costs reaching 25% can be easily expected with revenues.
La arquitectura después de la arquitectura: Reseña de Architecture’s Afterlife, the multisector impact of an architecture degree
(Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2025) Tapia Martín, Carlos; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
Esta reseña analiza el libro Architecture’s Afterlife (Routledge, 2024), que examina el impacto multisectorial de la formación arquitectónica en Europa. A través de una investigación financiada por Erasmus+, se revela que cerca del 40% de los egresados no ejercen como arquitectos, lo que plantea una reconfiguración epistemológica, pedagógica y política de la disciplina. Se argumenta que la arquitectura debe entenderse como un modo de operar más que como una profesión cerrada, y que su enseñanza debe adaptarse a trayectorias laborales diversas
Serlio y la restauración: algunos comentarios
(Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas, 1998) Mosquera Adell, Eduardo; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
Más allá de su estricto valor histórico, algunas páginas del Settimo libro de Serlio son de gran interés y mantienen todavía una insospechada actualidad. Me refiero particularmente a aquellas en las que el tratadista de origen boloñés se extiende en cuestiones que hoy relacionaríamos con la intervención sobre edificios preexistentes.
Mahagonny, o el cultivo de las ciudades tóxicas
(Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2025-09-27) Tapia Martín, Carlos; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM853: Out_arquías. Investigación en los Límites de la Arquitectura
Este artículo examina críticamente las Zonas Especiales de Desarrollo Económico (ZEDEs) a través de una analogía con la ópera Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonnyde Brecht y Weill. Ambas representan modelos urbanos construidos sobre la lógica del capital, la extraterritorialidad y la fragmentación social. Las ZEDEs, presentadas como soluciones de desarrollo, operan con marcos legales autónomos que debilitan la soberanía nacional y profundizan la desigualdad. A partir del concepto de “ciudad tóxica”, se analiza cómo estas zonas promueven una ciudadanía subordinada al capital, erosionando la justicia social y ambiental. Se abordan casos como Próspera (Honduras), Bitcoin City (El Salvador) y La Rinconada (Perú), que ilustran distintas formas de toxicidad urbana: desde la legalidad paralela hasta la explotación sin regulación. El texto propone que estas ciudades no cultivan cultura ni comunidad, sino que reproducen un modelo agónico de urbanización neoliberal. La ópera Mahagonny sirve como marco crítico para evidenciar cómo el arte anticipa y denuncia las patologías del urbanismo contemporáneo
Historic urban landscape approach bridging education and practice: methods, models and tools for culture significance mapping
(Emerald, 2025) Rey Pérez, Julia; Cunha Ferreira, Teresa; Pettinati, Laís; Frigolett, Constanza; Murilo de Freitas, Pedro; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
Purpose – In the present-day context marked by global environmental and social challenges, cultural heritage must be wisely endorsed as a resource for sustainable development and the quality of life of a society in continuous evolution, as stated by the Faro Convention (Council of Europe, 2005). To achieve this purpose, community-driven strategies are demanded for a holistic and integrated approach defended by the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape – HUL (UNESCO, 2011). This new strategy encourages us to implement innovative methodologies in the training of future architects who will work in urban heritage management, hence the importance of heritage education in higher education. Hence, the aim of the research is to deepen on methodologies for cultural significance mapping framed in the HUL context developed with studentsin higher education,supported by the process of “learning by doing”, taking as a starting point academic courses framed within the University of Seville and the UNESCO Chair “Heritage, Cities and Landscapes. Sustainable Management, Conservation, Planning and Design” at the University of Porto. Design/methodology/approach –Based on these experiences, these methods were adapted in a workshop at the Faro Convention International Conference (31 January 2024) with a group of academics and professionals, in order to test its implementation in a real context with distinct actors and stakeholders. A practical exercise is proposed of cultural mapping (attributes and values) at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto, in the World Heritage Tentative List since 2017. Methodology is supported by the crossed analysis of different methods and tools: (1) field work observation; (2) attributes’ mapping and listing; (3) presentation and discussion on a shared map (attributes) and (4) group reflection on the values. Workshop groups included different backgrounds and perspectives, namely academics, municipal officers, heritage managers and citizens. Findings – Results demonstrated the awareness of the breadth of the notion of heritage: buildings, urban ensembles and landscape; tangible and intangible, natural and cultural; ancient and contemporary. In addition, the workshop allowed us to reflect on the difference between attributes and values, as determined in the HUL Recommendation. Originality/value – This article highlights the richness of the results obtained by involving different perspectives and framework from the disciplines and students participating in the workshop, as well as the importance of mapping tangible and intangible attributes, resulting in a new heritage understanding of the cultural significance of the place. Hence, these cartographies allow for a perception of cultural heritage in permanent relation to the context, as well as for emphasising the multi-scale and transdisciplinary dimension demanded heritage management and conservation.
The contribution of contemporary architecture to heritage co-creation
(Emerald Publishing, 2025) García de Casasola Gómez, Marta; González Arques, Soledad; Moreno López, María José; Moreno Pérez, José Ramón; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Purpose To demonstrate how the most valuable contribution contemporary architecture makes to heritage co-creation lies in its works and aims to build a new and alternative habitability. A statement that navigates between two fundamental aporias of modernity: the first involves heritage and architecture bringing significant vestiges of the past into the present while projecting scenarios that respond to new ways of life. And the second is related to the emergence of a planetary consciousness that would guide an alternative behaviour, placing heritage in the broader context of ecology and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The characterisation of the contemporary cultural context enables the identification of five key concepts for approaching the discourse on contemporary architecture: memory/Holocaust, spectacle, identity, reterritorialization and object system. This is an interpretative exercise achieved through the hermeneutics. of five case studies: VICTIMS (Hejduk), Fondaco dei Tedeschi (OMA), Hamsun Centre (S. Holl), Can Tacó (T. Gironés) and Sala Beckett (Flores & Prats). On a second level, the selection of five complementary works help to strengthen the discursive approach: the Theatre of the World (A. Rossi), Cartuja Monastery (Sierra), Steilneset Memorial (P. Zumthor y L. Bourgeois), Bonaval (A. Siza/I. Aguirre) and Zig-Zag exhibition (Sierra). Findings The results provide a deeper understanding of the selected case studies, revealing alternative co-creation strategies applicable to heritage conservation. The findings offer new ways to highlight heritage interventions in the context of contemporary architecture: working with intangible materials as memory, opening the identification of values into the culture of spectacle, valuing identity, linking with the context through landscape and incorporating material culture through objects. This paper demonstrates that the study of contemporary architecture through a methodology based on hermeneutic dynamics is a line of research which opens up a long-term line of work. Originality/value This research shifts the focus in the search for heritage co-creation strategies. Going beyond the present, it is contemporary architectural projects that offer alternative keys to heritage preservation.
Everyday and Modern Heritage: Endorsing the Inclusion of Emerging Heritages in the Catalogue of the Master Plan of the Historic Centre of the Central District of Honduras
(Francis & Taylor, 2023) García Fernández, Antonio Jesús; Rey Pérez, Julia; González Morales, Ángel Luis; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio
In a period of accelerated urban transformation, there are certaintypes of heritage that are currently vulnerable due to the socialstrata or historical period they represent. Many of the buildings thatmake up the Historic Centre of the Central District of Honduras(HCCD) face this threat. This paper aims to identify and characterisethe HCCD built heritage from a broader perspective consideringemerging heritage that is linked to modernity and everyday life. Tothis end, a review was carried out of the heritage protection regis-ters in the Honduran Inventory of Immovable Cultural Assets(PIBICH) and other available tools such as the Catalogue of theMaster Plan (CMP) and citizen perceptions. The methodology char-acterises heritage assets in a new format by historical era and bytype. Data related to citizen perceptions, an asset’s conservationand ownership status were then analysed before a final comparisonwas carried out between the PIBICH and the CMP. The resultsgenerate a constructive and clarifying reflection on the policy docu-ments. The CMP generates a more inclusive, innovative and sustain-able vision of heritage and reveals the need for new heritageprotection with broader historical and conceptual perspectives, aswell as the participation of wider range of stakeholders
Deriva e cartografia como processo de educaçao patrimonial
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Centro de Tecnologia, 2025-05) Hirao, Hélio; Faccio, Neide Barrocá; Larive López, Enrique; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM666: Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos
O artigo trata da experiência de identificação e reconhecimento do Patrimônio Industrial de Presidente Prudente, SP, através da prática da deriva e da cartografia expressa como potência educativa para sua valorização e favorecendo a sua preservação e conservação, considerando o processo constante de ressignificação desse espaço. Relata e reflete sobre uma experimentação realizada com os alunos do quarto ano do curso de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia da Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, nas disciplinas integradas de Técnicas Retrospectivas e Patrimônio Cultural praticando a caminhada ao atravessar os conjuntos arquitetônicos do Patrimônio Ferroviário Industrial de Presidente Prudente- SP. Nessa imersão no espaço patrimonial da cidade e seus valores subjetivos e afetivos, os alunos se conectaram com as múltiplas, heterogêneas e diversas ambiências históricas para estimular o sentimento de pertencimento ao lugar, visibilizando e integrando com os corpos singulares que a habitam. Nesse sentido, a abordagem rizomática do procedimento metodológico adotado se abre ao processual e experimental, acompanhando o movimento de transformação da realidade e da produção de vida da cidade em composição com a preservação do patrimônio industrial.
La dimensión urbana del patrimonio agrario: el paisaje de la huerta de Nerja, Málaga
(2025-06) Loren-Méndez, Mar; Chacón Carretón, Celia; Millán Millán, Pablo Manuel; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; HUM666: Ciudad, Arquitectura y Patrimonio Contemporáneos; HUM958: In-Gentes [investigación en Generación de Territorios]
El patrimonio agrario reconoce aquellos territorios en los que la relación del individuo con la tierra ha desempeñado a lo largo de su historia un papel fundamental, que trasciende lo propiamente productivo y alcanza la memoria y definición vital del enclave en el que se encuentran. Esta realidad y en concreto la huerta, estrechamente ligada a la ciudad, se ha visto enfrentada en las últimas décadas a la transformación urbana acelerada abandonando las prácticas de crecimiento históricas y morfológicas suponiendo una fractura en detrimento de la lógica agraria. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la dimensión urbana del patrimonio agrario en aquellas ciudades cuyo origen y evolución están estrechamente relacionados con la actividad agraria. En este escenario, se ha desarrollado una metodología que atiende a la especificidad histórica y patrimonial, apoyándonos para ello en el caso de estudio de Nerja en Málaga, y su huerta intrínseca a su morfología histórica que justifica su idoneidad. Este proceso revela una nueva perspectiva respecto al entendimiento del patrimonio agrario a la vez que pone en valor el caso, contribuyendo así a su potencial y necesaria protección. De esta forma, la investigación pone de relieve el papel fundamental de la actividad agraria en los entornos construidos, y apuesta por una mirada que valora el tejido productivo de la huerta atendiendo a su dimensión urbana.
Análisis tipológico de bloques lineales de vivienda social: España 1950-1983: el caso de Andalucía occidental
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2017) Guajardo-Fajardo Cruz, Alfonso; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
La regeneración de los grandes conjuntos de vivienda social construidos en las décadas de 1950, 1960 y 1970 se ha convertido en uno de los grandes retos que la ciudad tendrá que afrontar en los próximos años. Una de las causas de su obsolescencia es la inadecuada adaptación de sus tipologías de vivienda a los requisitos y expectativas de la sociedad contemporánea. El objetivo principal de este estudio es avanzar en el conocimiento de estas tipologías para poder intervenir eficazmente sobre ellas. Con este propósito se han analizado 42 bloques lineales proyectados entre 1950 y 1983 en Andalucía occidental. El estudio incluye tres fases de análisis: 1) clasificación de las viviendas en grupos reconocibles; 2) identificación de las distribuciones más utilizadas, y 3) análisis de sus características dimensionales y programáticas básicas. Todo esto permite establecer una caracterización de la vivienda social en bloque lineal que puede servir de referencia para futuras intervenciones de regeneración.
Resignificar lo construido. Metamorfosis de una casa en Rota
(Universidad de Chile, 2025) Alarcón González, Luisa; Jorge Crespo, Zacarías de; Cabezas García, Gracia María; Oliveira, Silvana Rodrigues de; Guerra de Hoyos, Carmen; Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; HUM992: Arquitectura y Prospectiva; HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
La obra de arquitectura proyectada por Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas y analizada en este artículo muestra una manera innovadora de enfrentarse a lo construido, al convertir mediante una inversión espacial una pequeña vivienda aislada, anónima y convencional de una urbanización periférica del municipio gaditano de Rota (España) en el punto de partida de una obra singular de arquitectura contemporánea. La preexistencia, lo encontrado se conserva, pero alterando su concepción espacial, y se suma a lo nuevo de manera que indisolublemente juntos conforman otra forma de habitar, resignificando lo encontrado de manera equivalente a obras realizadas por las vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX. Autores como Picasso o Duchamp abrieron el camino a apropiaciones y alteraciones de objetos cotidianos para subvertir los principios de la escultura. Se utiliza una metodología interpretativa que permite una comprensión profunda del modo de hacer que plantea la intervención y que deconstruye el lugar anterior para resignificar el actual.
Human toxicity of building materials and the application of the taxonomy principle in Green Public Procurement: the Life Cycle Assessment as a tool
(Springer, 2025-06-20) Rey Álvarez, Belén; Sánchez-Montañés Macías, Benito; Roberts, Matt; García Martínez, Antonio; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; HUM1008: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Ecología; TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
The construction sector is a major contributor to global environmental impacts, but current sustainability assessments often overlook the human health risks posed by toxic building materials. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Green Public Procurement (GPP) aim to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, the integration of material toxicity metrics remains fragmented, undermining holistic sustainability goals. Building materials release hazardous substances throughout their lifecycle, affecting indoor air quality, public health, and ecosystems. However, regulatory frameworks and LCA methodologies prioritise carbon emissions, leaving toxicity under-assessed and unregulated in most policies. Here, we show that persistent gaps in standardised toxicity data, inconsistent application of European (EU) taxonomy principles, and disparities in GPP criteria across member states hinder effective mitigation of toxicological risks. By analysing more than 150 studies and EU procurement practices, we demonstrate that only a few LCA studies integrate toxicity metrics and fewer than 10% of public projects align with the European principle of'Do not significantly harm'. Our findings reveal that harmonising toxicity thresholds in LCA databases, mandating quantitative criteria in GPP, and expanding circular economy strategies could bridge these gaps. This study establishes a direct link between material toxicity and regulatory fragmentation, advocating for policies that equally prioritise toxicity reduction and decarbonisation. These insights underscore the urgency of aligning EU sustainability frameworks with health-centric metrics, ensuring public investments foster safer, biocompatible materials. By redefining procurement standards and advancing interdisciplinary collaboration, this work provides a roadmap for transforming construction practices, safeguarding both environmental integrity and human health.
New realizations at the Archaeological and Funereal Park of Takino Cemetery in Hokkaido (Japan)
(MDPI, 2025-05-21) Cabeza Laínez, José María; Marquet Saget, Victor; Rodríguez-Cunill, Inmaculada; Puchol Barcina, Cesar; Gutiérrez Villarubia, Miguel; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Pintura; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente; HUM1125: Periferias Cap: Comunicación, Arte y Patrimonio
For decades, in historical research, archeological vestiges have been linked with geomancy and cults of the mythical ancestors of a group of the population. This is particularly true in Eastern Asia and especially in China, Korea, and Japan. A fundamental problem of Japanese archeology is that few of the remnants were realized in stone. One of the most important parts of archeological sciences is the study of Necropolises or ancient interments. From the 1970s onwards, in the relatively “new” and promising land of Hokkaido, cemeteries were built with the concept of landscape in mind; this is also due to the lavish vegetation features of this northernmost island of Japan. In the case of the Takino cemetery on the plains of Sapporo, Hokkaido, whose construction began in 1982, solemnity and religiousness were incorporated by producing exact stone replicas of famous funerary landmarks from antiquity as such materials were inexistent in the Nipponese Isles. This trend to grant eternity included traditional Buddhist funereal monuments like the Stupa, Seokguram grotto, and Kamakura sites, but at a certain and exuberant point, under the influence of Isamu Noguchi, it reached Stonehenge in England and the Moai from Easter Island in Polynesia (being after all located in a remote isle of the Pacific Ocean). In this article we will outline such process of generation and overall conception, analyzing the inclusion and architectural assembly of the different compounds and the recent and extraordinary additions projected and built by the celebrity architect Tadao Ando. We expect, in this manner, to facilitate the comprehension of the significance of venerable landscape sublimated through archeology for the Nipponese modern civilization.
Thermal evaluation of a water-to-air heat exchanger combined with different roof configurations for passive cooling
(MDPI, 2025-03-27) Almodóvar Melendo, José Manuel; La Roche, Pablo; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Traditional conservation strategies often prioritize minimizing water use; nevertheless, water can also enhance thermal comfort by incorporating a water-to-air heat exchanger (WAHE) alongside non-direct evaporative and radiant cooling techniques. A WAHE can be installed in features such as ponds, water tanks, or rainwater cisterns. This article assesses the cooling potential of two prototypes of roof ponds and a green roof connected to a WAHE, and the results are compared to a baseline unit featuring a roof that meets California’s energy code standards. Several testing units, measuring 1.35 × 1.35 × 1.35 m, with identical heat characteristics, excluding the roof, were constructed and tested. In the first system, the heat that the green roof could not absorb was transferred to a water reservoir and then dissipated to the outside. The first roof pond prototype features a 0.35 m deep water pond topped with a 0.03 m thick insulating panel and a spray system. The second roof pond variant has an aluminum sheet with a 0.10 m air gap above a 0.25 m deep water pond. The results suggest that combining a WAHE with different roof configurations offers promising benefits while keeping water consumption limited. Notably, when the WAHE is operating, the green roof increase its performance by 47%, the insulated roof pond by 22%, and the roof pond with an aluminum sheet by 13%.
Construyendo con recursos escasos: contra el hambre de vivienda en África [Reseña]
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2023) López de Asiain Alberich, María; Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas
Esta publicación es el fruto del trabajo desarrollado durante décadas en el marco del Instituto de Cooperación en Habitabilidad Básica por el autor y por el conjunto de sus colaboradores. Los postulados debatidos en los tres congresos mundiales UNCH-HABITAT acontecidos a los que asiste el autor, constituyen la base teórico conceptual desde la que se plantean los trabajos realizados y descritos en esta publicación. Teniendo como meta el “hacer más con menos” como deber ético frente a una sociedad necesitada en el marco del llamado “sector informal”, que representa el 90% de los habitantes del planeta, se plantean cuestiones fundamentales tales como la importancia de la formación de la mano de obra autóctona; la búsqueda de materiales locales apropiados y apropiables; el empleo de equipos de producción locales; la adecuación de procesos constructivos, así como el desarrollo de procesos fundamentalmente participativos. Se presenta una selección de proyectos ejecutados en África durante la década de 2005-2015 que, por los logros conseguidos, se consideran de interés como referencias. Las propuestas que se desarrollan en esta publicación no pretenden competir con las realizaciones de mercado, sino facilitar la habitabilidad básica a los más desfavorecidos. El trabajo desarrollado y presentado pretende proporcionar herramientas contrastadas y solventes para mejorar las condiciones de vida y ayudar a salir de la pobreza en el contexto de África. Para ello, se utilizan materiales como el adobe, bambú, ferrocemento y los residuos agrícolas, empleando un esfuerzo en forma de ayuda mutua, autoconstrucción asistida y/o cooperativismo participativo, lo que hace posible soluciones contra la persistente necesidad africana de habitabilidad básica, o, como definiría el autor, contra el “hambre de vivienda en África”.

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