Artículos (Economía Aplicada I)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11196

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Determinants of Circular Economy Participation AmongGen Z in a Sun-and-Beach Destination: A Theory of PlannedBehavior Approach
(Wiley, 2026) Jacob, Marta; Domínguez-Quintero, Ana; Florido, Carmen; Payeras, Margarita; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Industria y Turismo. España; European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examines the determinants influencing Generation Z in adopting circularpractices when traveling as tourists, focusing on 300 respondents from Majorca. Employing a PLS-SEM framework, the researchevaluates the influence of TPB factors on circular economy participation and investigates the impact of sociodemographic var-iables. Results indicate that all factors positively drive intentions to adopt circular behaviors when traveling as tourists, withpersonal motivation being the most influential. Higher education levels and income are associated with lower rates of circulareconomy implementation. A significant theoretical contribution is the development of a second-order construct representing the3Rs, demonstrating their similar importance. These findings highlight the role of intrinsic motivation in fostering circular ac-tions in tourism contexts and the need for targeted interventions considering sociodemographic factors to foster broader circularparticipation.
Una exploración sobre la relación entre los valores culturales asociados al crecimiento económico y la globalización
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2025) Cáceres Carrasco, Felipe Rafael; Economía Aplicada I
The aim of this paper is to ascertain whether the level of globalization of countries is positively associated to the cultural values that have been related to economic growth in the scholarly literature. A theoretical framework is built with studies that focus on the influence of culture on economic growth and on the influence of globalization on cultural values. Based on this theoretical framework, a hypothesis is proposed that there is a positive association between the level of globalization of countries and the cultural values that have been associated to economic growth in the academic literature. Data used in the empirical analysis comes from World Values Survey wave 7 and the KOF Globalization Index. The results are consistent with the hypothesis, and also suggest that the association between globalization and cultural values crosses the boundaries between large world cultural regions, such as those in “The Global Cultural Map 2023” (Inglehart and Welzel, 2023).
Formación en turismo accesible e inclusivo y calidad del destino
(CENTRO ESPANOL DOCUMENTACION DISCAPACIDAD-CEDD, 2025) García Reyes, Beatriz Alejandra; Muñoz Usabiaga, Arancha; González Rodríguez, María Rosario; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
Gran parte del sector turístico no está preparado para atender adecuadamente las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad y de aquellas con necesidades de accesibilidad de la forma más segura, cómoda y autónoma posible bajo unos parámetros no sólo de responsabilidad social, sino también de calidad. Con el fin de poder respuesta a una demanda en continuo crecimiento, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relevancia de implementar la asignatura “Turismo accesible e inclusivo” en el grado en Turismo, concretar las posibilidades reales de incorporación al plan de estudios y evaluar cómo repercutirán estos conocimientos en la calidad del destino turístico. Para ello, se ha estudiado el procedimiento de modificación de planes de estudios oficiales, la oferta académica en turismo accesible e inclusivo en las titulaciones universitarias andaluzas y se ha llevado a cabo un estudio acerca de la incorporación de esta materia en el grado en Turismo y su repercusión en la calidad del destino. El estudio ha permitido concluir que dicha asignatura debe implementarse y formar parte del currículo obligatorio del grado en Turismo.
The short- and long-term influences of personal values in predicting new venture creation
(Taylor & Francis, 2026) Liñán, Francisco; Jaén Figueroa, Inmaculada; Hueso Arrabal, Juan Alberto; Economía Aplicada I
Research on personal values (PVs) has revealed links to entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and to the profiles of existing entrepreneurs. This study advances knowledge by exploring how PVs influence the transition from EI to entrepreneurial action, based on Schwartz’s theory of basic human values. Through a 9-year longitudinal study (2010–2019) on a sample of Spanish university alumni (n = 1,693), we assessed PVs and EI in 2010 and tracked their influence on venture creation up to 2019, using linear and logistic regression analyses. The results show that PVs indirectly influence start-up behaviors in the short term; whereas, the impact is direct in the long term. Specifically, openness-to-change values foster venture creation; whereas, conservation values hinder such creation. Personal values are thus relevant long-term drivers of entrepreneurship and can help clarify the transition from intention to action in entrepreneurship. The results also reveal major implications for research and practice.
Explainable gastronomic region classification using dish Image Colors
(Springer Nature Link, 2026-04) Casales García, Vicente; Aldan, Jay; Museros, L.; Sanz, L.; González Abril, Luis; Economía Aplicada I
This study researches how color in food imagery can be used to classify regional cuisines, focusing on Mesoamerican, Mediterranean, and Western North American dishes. As visual presentation becomes increasingly central to culinary marketing and tourism, understanding color patterns offers insights into regional identity and consumer preferences. We initially collected over 22,000 recipes from a popular cooking platform. Of these, approximately 14,700 included associated images and were therefore used in the image-based analysis. Regional labels were assigned using a Large Language Model, while human-interpretable color features were extracted using the Qualitative Color Description model. An interpretable Gradient Boosting classifier was trained to explore the relationship between cuisine and color. Experimental results show that color profiles vary significantly across regions, with Mediterranean dishes exhibiting the greatest chromatic complexity. Using only color-based features, the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of approximately 76% and a macro-averaged ROC-AUC of 0.87, outperforming the stratified random baseline and consistently surpassing the alternative machine learning models evaluated in the comparative analysis. Feature importance analysis reveals that chromatic complexity and specific warm-toned hues (e.g., pale light yellow and orange) are key discriminative factors, demonstrating the model’s ability to capture meaningful chromatic signatures associated with gastronomic regions. The results confirm that an explainable, color-driven model can effectively distinguish regional cuisines, with implications for digital gastronomy, food branding, and cultural storytelling.
The Comparative Effectiveness of Education Modalities on Patient Adherence in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2026-04-28) Martinez Miranda, Patricia; Muñoz Fernández, María Jesús; Rosales Tristancho, Abel; García-Muñoz, Cristina; Fisioterapia; Economía Aplicada I; CTS1110: Understanding Movement & Self in Health from Science
Background: Educational interventions are central to breast cancer survivorship care, yet adherence may vary depending on delivery modality. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of face-to-face, online, telephonic, and mixed educational modalities on patient adherence among breast cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and Bayesian network meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials evaluating educational interventions in breast cancer survivors were included. Methodology quality of included studies was assessed using the RoB-2 tool. Pairwise meta-analyses using random-effects models estimated Odds Ratios (ORs) for adherence. A Bayesian network meta-analysis synthesized direct and indirect evidence, and treatment rankings were calculated using SUCRA values. Results: Eleven trials comprising 963 participants were included. In pairwise meta-analysis, no modality demonstrated statistically significant superiority over usual care: face-to-face (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.44–1.41), mixed (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.07–2.37), online (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.49–1.68), and telephonic (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.18–1.78). The network meta-analysis confirmed the absence of statistically significant differences across modalities. SUCRA rankings suggested that usual care (76.7%) and online modalities (73.1%) had the highest probability of being among the best-performing strategies, followed by face-to-face (51.9%), telephonic (25.4%), and mixed (23.0%). Conclusions: No educational modality demonstrated superior adherence compared to usual care. Delivery format alone may not determine engagement in breast cancer survivorship programs. Decisions should prioritize feasibility and patient preference.
Explainable Gastronomic Region Classification Using Dish Image Colors
(2026) Casales García, Vicente; Jay, Aldan; Museros, L.; Sanz, I.; González Abril, Luis; Economía Aplicada I; Universidad de Sevilla; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Universidad de Sevilla
This study researches how color in food imagery can be used to classify regional cuisines, focusing on Mesoamerican, Mediterranean, and Western North American dishes. As visual presentation becomes increasingly central to culinary marketing and tourism, understanding color patterns offers insights into regional identity and consumer preferences. We initially collected over 22,000 recipes from a popular cooking platform. Of these, approximately 14,700 included associated images and were therefore used in the image-based analysis. Regional labels were assigned using a Large Language Model, while human-interpretable color features were extracted using the Qualitative Color Description model. An interpretable Gradient Boosting classifier was trained to explore the relationship between cuisine and color. Experimental results show that color profiles vary significantly across regions, with Mediterranean dishes exhibiting the greatest chromatic complexity. Using only color-based features, the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of approximately 76% and a macro-averaged ROC-AUC of 0.87, outperforming the stratified random baseline and consistently surpassing the alternative machine learning models evaluated in the comparative analysis. Feature importance analysis reveals that chromatic complexity and specific warm-toned hues (e.g., pale light yellow and orange) are key discriminative factors, demonstrating the model’s ability to capture meaningful chromatic signatures associated with gastronomic regions. The results confirm that an explainable, color-driven model can effectively distinguish regional cuisines, with implications for digital gastronomy, food branding, and cultural storytelling.
Paying £1(£5) or nothing in dictator games: unexpected differences
(2026) Brañas-Garza, Pablo; Espín, Antonio M.; Jorrat, Diego Andrés; Economía Aplicada I
We conducted an online Dictator Game experiment (N = 1195) to test three hypotheses about the role of monetary incentives in prosocial behavior. First, we examined whether real incentives of £1 reduce the dispersion of responses compared to hypothetical ones. Surprisingly, we found the opposite: hypothetical responses were less dispersed, with choices clustering around the egalitarian split. This pattern held in a replication (N = 308) with higher stakes (£5), offering no support for the first hypothesis. Second, we tested whether real incentives—by involving actual monetary consequences—lead to more selfish decisions, as they are expected to reduce socially desirable responses. With £1 stakes, no significant differences emerged across conditions. However, when the stake was increased to £5, participants became more selfish under real incentives, supporting the second hypothesis only when the amount at stake is substantial. Third, we explored whether probabilistic payments trigger differential behavior. At low stakes, probabilistic incentives resembled real ones. But with higher stakes, real and probabilistic outcomes diverged, suggesting participants respond to expected value only when it is meaningful. Finally, in a separate study (N = 299), we found that many participants facing standard hypothetical-payment instructions still expected real payments. Only explicit phrasing stating that “unfortunately, the money is not real” alleviated this confusion. This result underscores the importance of precise wording in experimental design and potentially explains why hypothetical treatments do not yield dramatically different results compared to real-money treatments.
Modeling millennial work aspirations: a structural view of socioeconomic and motivational pathways
(Springer, 2026) Sharma, Pranu; Srivastava, Sumita; Berbegal-Zaragoza, Vanesa; Economía Aplicada I
This study contributes to the global discourse on millennials’ evolving relationship with work by highlighting the underexplored Indian sociocultural and economic context, in contrast to dominant Western perspectives. Drawing on the Status Attain- ment Model, Self-Determination Theory, and Social Cognitive Career Theory, it examines how socioeconomic status shapes the career aspirations of Indian millen- nials and explores the interrelations among aspiration types. A multistage mixed- method design integrates qualitative insights with quantitative validation to ensure conceptual depth and empirical rigor. Career aspirations were assessed through a semantic differential scale adapted from (Osgood et al., 1957). Data from 912 mil- lennials across India were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings show that socioeconomic status indirectly influ- ences aspirations linked to purpose and well-being, with mediating effects on moti- vation. The study highlights the interconnected nature of millennial aspirations and offers implications for organizations, policymakers, and human resources (HR) pro- fessionals seeking to align strategies with the priorities of a new generation.
Are beach visitors willing to pay for coastal conservation efforts to combat climate change? The case study of Fuengirola (southern Spain)
(Springer, 2026) Expósito, Alfonso; Berbegal-Zaragoza, Vanesa; Economía Aplicada I
Climate change (CC) is increasingly threatening the conservation of coastal areas worldwide, intensifying pressures from erosion, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. This study assesses visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for beach con- servation in Fuengirola (Spain), a high-density tourist destination on the Mediterranean Costa del Sol whose economy is strongly dependent on beach-based tourism. Using a contingent valuation method, the study estimates visitors’ WTP for beach conservation while considering socio-economic and attitudinal factors that influence payment preferences. Findings reveal that a significant proportion of beach visitors are willing to financially support conservation efforts, with variations based on factors such as nationality, visit characteristics, and CC awareness. Additionally, the results support the economic feasibility of implementing user-based funding into coastal conservation strategies, highlighting the role of visitor contri- butions in strengthening long-term coastal resilience and sustainable tourism in Mediterranean urban environments. This study enriches the broader literature on sustainable tourism and climate adaptation finance by providing empirical evidence from an urban coastal destination, where pressures from human activity intersect with rising climate vulnerabilities.
Localising the Sustainable Development Goals. A Place-Based Analysis of Sustainable Development in Rural and Urban Areas
(Wiley, 2026) Olmedo Osuna, Lucas; Holloway, Paul; Barimo, John; O'Shaughnessy, Mary; Economía Aplicada I
There are increasing calls for a place-based approach towards the Sustainable Development Goals that show their territorial diversity at subnational level. Based on 33 indicators, covering 13 SDGs and aggregated in three sub-indexes (economy, social and environment), this paper develops a Sustainable Development Index for Rural and Urban Areas of Ireland (SDI-RUI) with high resolution data gathered at Small Area level (18,919 units for Ireland). Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a 6-way rural–urban typology were used for a granular spatial analysis of sustainable development. Our analysis shows higher SDI-RUI values in the west of the country, especially in rural locations not far from cities. Low values are within the main cities of the country and in remote locations. The analysis also indicates that rural areas with high and moderate urban influence present more balanced sub-index scores and better overall SDI-RUI values than urban areas and highly rural/remote areas, stressing the relevance of examining territorial rural–urban linkages for sustainable development. The paper shows regional and local spatial patterns of sustainable development, supporting the potential of using GIS methodologies and rural–urban classifications to de- velop place-based policies and targeted measures related to the SDGs.
A Social Entrepreneurship Perspective of De-Carbonising the Footprint through Recycling Compensation: A Case Study of the NGO Madre Coraje
(Wiley, 2026) Fernández Serrano, José; Hueso Arrabal, Juan Alberto; Vega-Galeano, Orlando; Economía Aplicada I
This research analyses the carbon footprint of the NGO Madre Coraje, using an integrated methodology that combines the calculator provided by REAS (Red de Economía Alternativa y Solidaria) Navarra and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It quantifies emissions across the three scopes of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, evaluating both direct and indirect environmental impacts. The results highlight areas for improvement, particularly in the collection of detailed data on electricity usage, travel distances, and staff commuting, which currently limit the accuracy of the analysis. Furthermore, identification is made of the opportunities for the reduction of Scope 1 emissions through the adoption of electric vehicles and the increased use of renewable energy sources. The analysis not only reinforces Madre Coraje's commitment to sustainability, but it also provides a replicable framework for other NGOs to measure and improve their environmental sustainability. The proposed approach seeks to foster practices of greater responsibility that contribute towards mitigating climate change.
Evolution to a Sustainable Production System In The Chemical-Industrial Hub of Huelva Throughout the 21st Century
(Universidad de Almería, 2026-01) Asián-Chaves, Rosario; García Vázquez, Cinta Concepción; Vázquez Duarte, Andrés; Economía Aplicada I; Economía Aplicada II
A worldwide movement toward decarbonisation is transforming the chemical sector. Currently, sustainable production is a common goal across the entire ecosystem, involving chemical manufacturers, recycling companies, technology providers, and downstream industries. Embracing this transition is essential to promoting a low-carbon future for both the chemical industry and the markets it supports. Our objective is to study the current situation and recent developments in the Huelva Chemical Complex. Since 1964, when the chemical complex began operations, the Andalusian region has become a highly attractive location for the industrial sector in general and the chemical sector in particular. Today, 60 years after, it remains one of Spain's main industrial centres and has around twenty companies dedicated to the production of petroleum refining, petrochemicals, biofuels, metallurgy, electricity generation (through combined cycles, biomass, cogeneration, and other systems), both organic and inorganic, and fertilizers. But the challenges that industrial areas must face today go beyond the demands of growth and new forms of production. Environmental and social challenges occupy a prominent place in the requirements of Pillar 2 of Horizon Europe, the Spain 2030 Industrial Policy (Component 12 of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this article, we want to highlight how, over the years, companies in the Huelva Hub have committed to increasing production through innovation, adapting to the challenges of environmental sustainability. Therefore, many of their innovative projects have been oriented toward respect for the environment and a commitment to decarbonisation
El impacto económico del enoturismo en España, 2008-2022: una aproximación cuantitativa
(Universidad de Alicante, 2026-07-01) Vázquez Duarte, Andrés; García Vázquez, Cinta Concepción; Economía Aplicada I
España posee un sector turístico cuyo principal motor ha sido, y en buena medida sigue siéndolo, el modelo de sol y playa, en torno al cual se ha creado a lo largo de las décadas una potente industria turística que actúa de locomotora de no pocas actividades económicas. No obstante, en las últimas décadas se ha desarrollado con fuerza un turismo de interior que está contribuyendo al desarrollo de áreas alejadas de los circuitos turísticos tradicionales y a favorecer un mejor equilibrio territorial. Dentro de ese turismo de interior, cobra especial relevancia el turismo del vino o enoturismo, que ha adquirido un notable impulso, favorecido tanto por la puesta en marcha de iniciativas de carácter público-privado, en torno a la creación de rutas del vino, como a un creciente interés por el conocimiento de la cultura del vino y del entorno en el que se produce. El peso del sector vitivinícola español en la economía de las áreas en las que se inserta era terreno abonado para el desarrollo de esa actividad, si bien es cierto que su implantación es relativamente reciente en el tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es hacer una aproximación cuantitativa al impacto económico que, desde el punto de vista microeconómico (para la economía de las propias bodegas) y, desde el punto de vista macroeconómico (para el conjunto del turismo interior de España), tienen las actividades enoturísticas.
Un siglo determinante en la configuración del sector vitivinícola del Condado de Huelva: 1870-1960
(Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 2025) García Vázquez, Cinta Concepción; Vázquez Duarte, Andrés; Economía Aplicada I
Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los cambios que tuvieron lugar en la comarca vitivinícola del Condado de Huelva en el periodo que transcurre desde 1870 a 1960, tiempo en el que se van a configurar buena parte de los elementos estructurales que, en la actualidad, caracterizan a esa comarca. A tal efecto, nos hemos centrado en el análisis de los acontecimientos más relevantes que ocurrieron en dos de los municipios más representativos del sector en cada etapa en la que hemos dividido el periodo objeto de estudio: La Palma del Condado, 1870-1920 y Bollullos par del Condado, 1920-1960.
Benchmarking tourism digitalization in the EU: evidence from a multi-criteria approach
(Emerald, 2025) González Rodríguez, María Rosario; Díaz Fernández, María del Carmen; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing; Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio. España
Purpose – The goal of this research is to provide a comparative assessment of tourism digitalization among European Union (EU) member states from the digital indicators of the EU Tourism Dashboard. To achieve this, the study identifies regional disparities, benchmarks national performance and informs targeted digital transformation strategies within the tourism sector. Design/methodology/approach – Using standardized digital indicators, the study constructs a synthetic composite index through the double reference point method and applies entropy weighting for indicator aggregation. This method enables an objective evaluation of each country’s digital maturity, focusing on multiple dimensions including information and communication technology infrastructure, digital skills, e-commerce and platform integration. Findings – The results reveal significant regional differences in digitalization level across the EU. Spain stands out as a digitally mature destination, showing consistent improvement and a balanced performance across all indicators, whereas Italy, Slovakia and Czechia display negative trends. In contrast, Poland and Bulgaria demonstrate significant digital advancements. Practical implications – The benchmarking approach allows policymakers and tourism managers to pinpoint areas of strength or weakness, guiding investment and enabling the design of targeted interventions to enhance digital skills and infrastructure, contributing to the resilience of EU destinations in the post-pandemic era. Originality/value – This research advances the field by leveraging the standardized EU Tourism Dashboard indicators and applying a rigorous multi-criteria methodology, thus filling a gap in comparative digitalization studies at the national level.
Organizational culture and innovation in small businesses in Paraguay
(Elsevier, 2020) Sánchez Báez, Edgar Antonio; Fernández Serrano, José; Romero Luna, Isidoro; Economía Aplicada I
This paper studies the influence of organizational culture on the implementation of innovations in small businesses. Cameron and Quinn's competing values framework is applied to capture the organizational culture. The empirical analysis is carried out using a sample of 194 small businesses from two regions in Paraguay: the Asunción area and Central Department. Organizational cultures with external orientation (adhocratic and market) are found to have a significant positive impact on innovation. However, the effect of organizational culture on the specific types of innovation (product, process, organizational, and marketing) differs. Hierarchical culture shows a positive influence on process innovation.
Technological capabilities and global value chains: insights from Spanish SMEs in the hotel industry
(Emerald, 2024) Romero Luna, Isidoro; Fernández Serrano, José; Cáceres Carrasco, Felipe Rafael; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Purpose – This study explores the role of international tour operators as the agents assuming the governance and the upgrading of the tourism global value chains (TGVCs), with a special focus on their influence on the development of technological capabilities (TCs) in the hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this article originates from a survey carried out in 2016 on Spanish small and medium-sized hotel companies. An ordinal regression analysis is employed to test the hypotheses proposed in this research. Findings – This study finds that tour operators exert a positive effect on the technological upgrading process in the hotel industry by stimulating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to invest in TCs. The causal mechanisms through which these effects take place differ across the various stages of the relationship between hotel companies and tour operators. Practical implications – The results have implications both for hotel management in terms of how hotels take advantage of technological upgrading to become more competitive, and for public administrations in terms of what measures can boost the development of hotel TCs in order to increase their added value. Originality/value – To date, very few studies have analysed the tourism sector based on the influence on the development of TCs of SME hotels by combining GVC concepts and the resource-based view. It is also the first time that the causal mechanisms are shown to explain such influences
Drivers of pro-environmental behaviour: A mediated analysis of perceived risk, functionality, and post-purchase dissonance
(Elsevier, 2025) Tomar, Awantika; Srivastava, Sumita; Fernández Serrano, José; Tomar, Akriti; Economía Aplicada I
This study examines what influences green consumer behaviour by focusing on the roles of perceived risk, product functionality and post-purchase dissonance (PPD) in shaping pro-environmental actions. Data was collected through a structured survey of 260 rooftop solar-panel users in a Tier-II city in Northern India. The results show that perceived risk negatively affects pro-environmental behaviour. The study also found that PPD plays a key mediating role, both between perceived risk and proenvironmental behaviour and between product functionality and pro-environmental behaviour. Product functionality also directly influences pro-environmental behaviour and reduces PPD, which in turn increases environmentally responsible actions. Lower dissonance leads to greater consumer satisfaction and encourages ongoing green behaviour. These findings indicate that reducing perceived risk and addressing postpurchase concerns can help governments and companies design highly effective strategies to promote sustainable consumer choices.
The dynamic slack-performance relationship from an efficiency perspective
(2021) Agustí Pérez, María de las Aguas; Velasco Morente, Francisco; Galán González, José Luis; Administración de Empresas y Marketing; Economía Aplicada I; Contabilidad y Economía Financiera; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
The article aims to analyse the behaviour of firms in terms of managing their slack resources from the perspective of efficiency when faced with a generalised crisis. From a sample of 419 Spanish companies in 2006, 2010 and 2014, a cluster analysis was carried out to identify their position in relation to slack resources (whether there was an excess or a deficiency). Taking this position into account, a data envelopment analysis was carried out which allowed the efficiency frontier to be analysed with respect to the different performances of the company. The results show firstly how companies' resource endowment is affected as a result of adaptation to the crisis and, in turn, how said adaptations accentuate the efficiency of the companies. The management of capacity and resources is an element that companies have failed to prioritise. The recent financial crisis and the current crisis underline the importance of maintaining and managing these resources beyond the vision of simply reducing slack as shown by many companies. The study has two particularities. First, it analyses the changes before, during and after one of the most important crises. Second, the complexity of the phenomenon means that a multiple methodology must be adopted.

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