Artículos (Economía Aplicada I)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11196

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Efficient entrepreneurial culture: a cross-country analysis of developed countries
(Springer, 2018) Fernández Serrano, José; Berbegal Zaragoza, Vanesa; Velasco Morente, Francisco; Expósito García, Alfonso; Economía Aplicada I; Junta de Andalucía
Entrepreneurship, together with national cultural values, may improve a country’s GDP levels. Under this hypothesis, the aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between the levels of entrepreneurship, cultural values, and of GDP per capita in a sample of 27 developed countries, by identifying an efficient combination of culture and entrepreneurship variables, under the con- cept of efficient entrepreneurial culture, that maximises GDP per capita. Through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, nine countries have been identified as having an efficient entrepreneurial cul- ture. The implications derived for policy-makers are substantial, since a better understanding of cultural effects on entrepreneurship can lead to improvements in the design of governmental programmes that foster cultural values related to high-quality entrepreneurship.
Formulación del perfil de los problemas empresariales del entorno de Sevilla mediante el mapa relacional de inquietudes empresariales
(Alta dirección, 2008) Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Administración de Empresas y Marketing; Economía Aplicada I
En su trabajo cotidiano nuestros directivos y empresarios se enfrentan necesariamente a importantes retos y problemas. El diagnóstico con mayor valor añadido de los problemas que influyen en las organizaciones empresariales requiere, por una parte, indagar en las opiniones particulares de los responsables de nuestras empresas y, por otra, la síntesis de la información, generando conocimiento útil para los ejecutivos. A raíz de la información obtenida en entrevistas a directivos y empresarios de 80 empresas representativas de la realidad económica de la provincia de Sevilla, se ha elaborado un mapa de inquietudes empresariales. Este modelo es una herramienta gráfica con la que es posible observar de un vistazo y con precisión, el perfil de los grandes problemas del entorno que más inquietan a los directivos y empresarios.
Analysis of innovation in SMEs using an innovative capability-based non-linear model: A study in the province of Seville (Spain)
(Elsevier, 2011) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
This article analyzes organizational characteristics associated with innovative outcomes of SMEs in local economies with a low level of technological and R&D activities, where the indicators generally used to gauge technological innovation do not offer sufficient data. For the study of innovation in such economies, we propose a conceptual model based on innovative capability which also includes explanatory variables of environment and other contextual factors of the firms. Through a process of filtering spurious variables and incorporating quadratic components, we have varied the original linear structure to form a quadratic model with greater explanatory capacity and better results. The resulting quadratic model has undergone various contrasts of hypotheses, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the model as a whole and of its basic components, as well as the importance of the main explanatory variables. Finally, the model has also proven to be valid in all sectors.
About the determinants of the degree of novelty in smallbusinesses’product innovations
(Springer, 2013) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Romero Luna, Isidoro; Economía Aplicada I; Junta de Andalucía
This paper explores the nature and determinants of product innovation insmall businesses from a survey of more than 1,500 small firms in Spain. Two levels offactors affecting innovation are considered: (1) The personal characteristics of theentrepreneurs -their age, motivations, educational background and degree of interper-sonal trust. (2) The characteristics of the organizations’management—cooperation, risktaking, proactivity and specific innovation and growth policies. The paper shows that thefactors explaining the firms’decisions to introduce small incremental innovations -andthe strength of these influences- are different, to a large extent, from those favoringsubstantial product innovations.
Self-employment and innovation. Exploring the determinants of innovative behavior in small businesses
(Elsevier, 2012-02) Romero Luna, Isidoro; Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Economía Aplicada I
This paper explores the determinants of innovation in small businesses from a survey of more than 700 self-employed workers in Andalusia (Spain). Self-employed people running businesses with and without employees were included in the study and two types of innovation – product and process innovation – were differentiated. The theoretical framework adopted distinguishes between three levels of factors affecting the innova- tive activities of the self-employed: (1) the personal characteristics of the self-employed – such as their motivations and their educational and professional background. (2) The organization characteristics – such as the sector, the number of employees, the dependence on suppliers or clients and the management styles. (3) The characteristics of the external environment. Education appears as a key factor whose impact on innovation comes through two main sources: its effect on self-employed motivations and its influence on the management style of small businesses. Also previous experience as an employee and the comparative level of income in the area where the business is located are shown to be influential factors explaining innovation. Though firm size favors innovation, it does not play a determining role. Furthermore, results show significant differences between the factors explaining product and process innovation. The determinants for innovation in small businesses also vary substantially across sectors.
Innovativeness and business performances in tourism SMEs
(Elsevier, 2015) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Romero García, José Enrique; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
Research on innovation in the tourism industry has gained relevance, and in recent years knowledge of this complex phenomenon has increased. The article proposes a two-stage interactive model based on innovative capability, environment and other contextual factors of firms, in order to explain first, the innovative outcomes in products and processes and, subsequently, the influence of these outcomes on the profitability of SMEs in the Andalusian hospitality industry. The model has undergone various hypothesis tests, thus demonstrating its validity, the importance of the main explanatory variables and the existence of a positive linear relationship between innovative outcomes in products and processes, and business profitability.
Innovativeness and its influence on growth and market extension in construction firms in the Andalusian region
(Elsevier, 2017) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
Innovation is playing an increasingly prominent role in competitive advantage. To explore innovation in the construction industry, we have studied a sample of 113 Andalusian firms in this sector, tackling two key issues. Firstly, we address how firms innovate. A multiple linear regression model allows us to observe that internal factors contribute to product innovation, whereas external knowledge sources are predominant in process innovation. Secondly, statistical hypothesis testing validates the positive impact of product innovation on internationalization, and of process innovation on firm growth. Hence, innovation helps to boost competitiveness in construction firms, making it beneficial during periods of crisis.
Innovativeness and internationalization in SMEs: An empirical analysis in European countries
(Elsevier, 2019-11) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Delgado González, María Loreto; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
Innovation is essential to the knowledge economy and requires organizations to open to external markets. This paper delves into the influence of product innovation on internationalization in SMEs and elaborates an explanatory model of their innovative behavior. Analysis of the data of 123,395 surveys of firms in 13 European countries demonstrates that product innovation drives the firm's commercial expansion and favors its exportation activity, though with a non-linear relationship and decreasing performances as innovation level increases. It is also demonstrated that, in general terms, risk in geographic market extension does not vary in a relevant way when firms are more innovative. Significant differences were detected between countries in regard to the impact of innovation and its marginal utility, and in the evolution of risk in said market extension with increasing innovation. The comparative analysis reveals differences between more and less technological industries, and, on an aggregate level, between more developed economies in the Western and Eastern European transition economies, with less marked disparities from north to south. Analysis of the model reveals the prominence of internal variables in innovative behavior, as well as a certain disconnect between firms and the institutional context in the set of countries.
Empirical analysis of organizational archetypes based on generation and adoption of knowledge and technologies
(Elsevier, 2020-09) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Delgado González, María Loreto; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
The generation and adoption of technologies have been considered key factors in resolving inconsistencies in research on the innovative phenomenon, though few studies have taken this stance. In this paper, we empirically test the validity of this theoretical framework, using the data of 87,911 surveys of firms in 13 European countries from CIS-2012. This information has allowed us to find strong evidence for the existence of four organizational archetypes based on the generation and adoption of technologies, with relevant differences in organizational characteristics and tendency toward radical innovation in products.
Formación en turismo accesible e inclusivo y calidad del destino
(Centro Español Documentacion Discapacidad-CEDD, 2025) García Reyes, Beatriz Alejandra; Muñoz Usabiaga, Arancha; González Rodríguez, María Rosario; Administración de Empresas y Marketing; Economía Aplicada I; Contabilidad y Economía Financiera
Gran parte del sector turístico no está preparado para atender adecuadamente las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad y de aquellas con necesidades de accesibilidad de la forma más segura, cómoda y autónoma posible bajo unos parámetros no sólo de responsabilidad social, sino también de calidad. Con el fin de poder respuesta a una demanda en continuo crecimiento, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relevancia de implementar la asignatura “Turismo accesible e inclusivo” en el grado en Turismo, concretar las posibilidades reales de incorporación al plan de estudios y evaluar cómo repercutirán estos conocimientos en la calidad del destino turístico. Para ello, se ha estudiado el procedimiento de modificación de planes de estudios oficiales, la oferta académica en turismo accesible e inclusivo en las titulaciones universitarias andaluzas y se ha llevado a cabo un estudio acerca de la incorporación de esta materia en el grado en Turismo y su repercusión en la calidad del destino. El estudio ha permitido concluir que dicha asignatura debe implementarse y formar parte del currículo obligatorio del grado en Turismo.
Empirical analysis of the technological exploration-exploitation balance and its impact on organizational performance under uncertainty
(Springer, 2025) Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Delgado González, María Loreto; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
The literature on organizational ambidexterity emphasizes the complex relationship between the balance of exploitation and exploration and its impact on performance. However, the empirical research, while granting special attention to the study of types of ambidexterity and factors conditioning this phenomenon, has largely neglected to analyze balance. Our study is novel in tackling two knowledge gaps in the literature on organizational ambidexterity: the absence of quantitative analyses to pinpoint the optimal exploration–exploitation balance, and the lack of attention paid to the effect of risk on this optimal balance and on organizational ambidexterity in general. In order to address these knowledge gaps, the paper analyzes the technological exploitation-exploration relationship in conditions of uncertainty and the balance that maximizes Value at Risk (VaR) of firm growth. The methodology includes the elaboration of VaR, using the expected value and degree of dispersion in firm growth, and the combination of quantitative methods for hypothesis testing. Results obtained from a sample of 87,911 European firms from all sectors confirm the positive effect on the growth of harmonious efforts in exploration and exploitation, determining technological balance according to an organization’s risk-taking. The findings are relevant to theory and decision-making by managers and policymakers.
Rational and normative determinants in electric vehicle adoption: Willingness to pay and moderating variables
(Elsevier, 2025) Cabeza Ramírez, L. Javier; Rosales Tristancho, Abel; Sánchez Cañizares, Sandra M.; Palacios Florencio, Beatriz; Economía Aplicada I
The adoption of electric vehicles has been promoted as a possible environmentally friendly solution in the field of transport. However, uptake is uneven across European countries. The impact of factors influencing the adoption of electric vehicles has been highlighted in recent literature. Nevertheless, this literature has scarcely considered willingness to pay, the risks associated with the purchase, and the moderating variables in consumers' purchase intention. This research addresses this gap and aims to analyze these factors. To this end, these variables are incorporated into a model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the norm activation model (NAM). The model estimation was developed through the data collected from a questionnaire given to regular drivers in Spain (n = 1241) and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that awareness of environmental issues and consequences of one's actions, along with social pressure, activate the individual personal norm, channeling these effects towards intention, and with greater intensity towards willingness to pay. In addition, the influence of performance and financial risks was confirmed, albeit with a lower impact than expected on purchase intention. The analysis also reveals significant moderating effects, with variations observed based on age, income, primary vehicle use, and prior experience with electric or hybrid vehicles.
Redefining the tourism destination competitiveness index beyond a purely economic approach
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) González Rodríguez, María Rosario; Díaz Fernández, María del Carmen; Pulido Pavón, Noemí; Borrero Molina, Diego Vicente; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
The paper designs a composite competitiveness index that encompasses the competitive and comparative advantages grounded in the theoretical framework by Ritchie and Crouch (Citation2003. The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. Cabi). The methodology employed is based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making models, and the Travel and Tourism Development Index by the World Economic Forum as a proxy of competitiveness of tourist destinations for 116 tourist destinations worldwide. The findings reveal that competitive advantage commands a higher weighting in the definition of the composite competitiveness index compared to that of the comparative advantage, and differences in the ranking position of countries are offered. Not only can the results provided serve to guide policymakers in their analysis of tourism competitiveness and in the development of tourism policies, but they can also be employed as a tool by the tourism industry and tourism economies towards achieving a higher level of competitiveness of the destination.
Determinants of user behavior in 360º virtual tours: a hybrid analytical approach with PLS-SEM and fsQCA
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) González Rodríguez, María Rosario; Díaz Fernández, María del Carmen; Caber, Meltem; Albayrak, Tahir; Economía Aplicada I; Administración de Empresas y Marketing
The research aims to deepen the scientific knowledge on the determinants of technology users’ experiences and behaviors related to 360º virtual tours. The multivariable relationships among information quality, other people’s recommendations, sensation-seeking, perceived value, technology raeuse intention, and destination visit intention were examined by adopting a hybrid analytical approach. While the linear relationships based on Stimulus-Organism-Response Paradigm were tested by a variance-based structural equation modelling; unexplored and more complex interactions based on the Complexity Theory were examined by a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. This study provides guidance to tourism authorities in understanding technology users’ virtual tour-based experiences and behaviors.
Efficiency of information and communication technology adoption by entrepreneurs
(Emerald, 2025) Velasco Morente, Francisco; Berbegal Zaragoza, Vanesa; Srivastava, Sumita; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Junta de Andalucía
Purpose – This study seeks to improve the understanding of the motivation driving the entrepreneurs of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to integrate ICTs and why this process is easier for some. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) is a suitable framework for this analysis. Our research aims to establish an explanatory typology based on the optimization of individual perceptions of entrepreneurs and usage intentions which enables identification of those groups that possess a greater intention to use ICTs in their businesses. This sheds light on how these factors influence their information and communication technology (ICT) adoption intentions within their businesses. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts an alternative approach and methodology to contribute new insights into academic discourse regarding the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Building upon the theoretical foundation of the UTAUT, the present study pioneers the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a dataset encompassing 436 Spanish entrepreneurs. The objective is to examine the combination of diverse UTAUT perceptions that optimise the intention to implement ICTs in their companies while minimising anxiety associated with the adoption of new technologies (the outputs). Based on the results obtained, an explanatory typology is established that combines perceptions and usage intentions. Findings – When applied to our group of entrepreneurs, DEA reveals that certain individuals can optimise their intentions with their current perception levels. This discovery has enabled us to create an explanatory typology through an examination of the efficiency of various perception-intention and/or anxiety combinations. Our proposed typology aims to shed light on the debate as to why not all perceptions translate into intentions and why certain entrepreneurs have a greater intention to use ICTs. An investigation of these efficient entrepreneurs reveals a wide range of combinations, which encompasses both those in harmony with effective usage behaviour and those deviating from such behaviour. Research limitations/implications – DEA provides a snapshot of efficiency at a specific point in time and does not account for dynamic changes or adjustments over time, and DEA efficiency scores are relative measures that depend on the efficiency of other decision-making units in the dataset. The identification of appropriate benchmark units for comparison can be challenging, especially in heterogeneous datasets and cross-cultural analysis. In this respect, the UTAUT literature is lacking in cross-technology and cross-cultural comparisons. Practical implications – Our methodology and results have implications for business management, business accelerators and economic policy. A detailed study of these clusters could reveal potential barriers and obstacles hindering the effective implementation of ICTs in MSMEs, thereby enabling researchers to focus on individuals who do not align with the model. Entrepreneurs classified in the most unfavourable typologies can take steps to enhance their perceptions, while administration and business accelerators can focus their efforts on these entrepreneurs. Originality/value – The application of the UTAUT model on individual entrepreneurs receives limited coverage in the existing literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilise a DEA methodology within the framework of the UTAUT model (in contrast to the prevalent use of structural equation modelling in previous studies related to UTAUT). This analysis contributes fresh empirical evidence to the academic discourse on technology adoption models among individual entrepreneurs. Our methodology is a tool that reveals potential barriers and obstacles in individual perceptions that hinder the effective implementation of ICT in certain types of entrepreneurs.
Artificial generation of survey data on the expected bitterness of beer
(Elsevier, 2025-05) Ruiz Gándara, África; Casales García, Vicente; González Abril, Luis; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
A serious problem in many surveys is its insufficient size, which implies that the inference process is inadequate to carry out the generalization to the population. A survey with 195 participants on the expected bitterness in beer based on the shape of the glass and the color of the beer is considered in this paper. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), a tool from Machine Learning, is used in order to increase the size of the survey. Hence, more than three thousand synthetic items of data were generated by the GAN. In order to assess the quality of the synthetic data, an index of the goodness of fit of the synthetic data relative to the real data is provided using the values of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A comparative analysis with a statistical tool of data generation is also carried out, and the index proposed together with the ANOVA test are utilized to assess both tools. It is worth bearing in mind that, although GANs are based on deep learning where a large dataset is usually required to carry out an implementation, this paper provides very promising results with only a small dataset.
The Image and Identity of a Destination Through Narratives of Industrial Heritage
(Editorial Seção Artigos Tecnológicos, 2024) Guerra, Tania; Araújo de Almeida, António Sérgio; Moreno Pacheco, María Pilar; Economía Aplicada I
Considering that territorial identity plays an important role, this study explores industrial identity contributions to the image projection of a destination using local testimonies and narratives as a differentiating practice. The methodology consists of a case study using exploratory research through a direct observation approach. The findings in this study acknowledge the advantages of showing history through personal narratives as an essential part of community engagement and a sense of belonging; furthermore, this technique may arouse curiosity and visitors’ involvement, enhancing their interest in the past of a particular place. This study enriches our understanding of the role of industrial identity in shaping destination images and provides management insights into effective community engagement practices and techniques. Policymakers can use these findings to develop strategies to promote destinations that reveal industrial identity
How Does Humane Orientation Contribute to Digital Entrepreneurship Use Intention? A Gender Perspective
(Springer, 2024-05) Önder, Gökhan Ö; Fernández Serrano, José; Liñán, Francisco; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España
Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the vital resources for entrepreneurs as they start and develop new ventures. Therefore, it is important to understand the ICT adoption patterns of individuals. In particular, recent research has emphasized the differences between specific entrepreneurial orientations (such as humane entrepreneurship) or those based on gender. The aim of this chapter is to help understanding the role of a humane orientation in the intention to use ICT by taking into account gender differences as well. This is done through the adoption of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and the concept of humane entrepreneurship. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to estimate the proposed model. The study sample consists of 1229 individuals living in Spain. The data have been collected through surveys. Based on the results, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have a positive and significant effect on the intention to use ICT. Furthermore, the humane orientation positively affects the ICT use intention of individuals. The results also show that this latter effect is more prominent for women. Based on these results, policies and programs should be implemented to support and fund women’s humane entrepreneurial projects, since they are more likely to adopt ICT as an instrument. The inclusion of humane constructs in entrepreneurship education can help the emergence of new ventures that can produce technological solutions to global challenges. Additionally, ICT training for entrepreneurs can stress the UTAUT constructs such as performance benefits and ease of use to increase ICT use intention.
A DEA Approach for Evaluating the Labor Efficiency in the Rural Hotel Industry: A Case Study in Spain
(Institute for Tourism, 2022) Sánchez-Sánchez, Francisca J.; Sánchez-Sánchez, Ana M.; Pulido Pavón, Noemí; Borrero Molina, Diego Vicente; Economía Aplicada I
In this paper, labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry is analyzed while considering the characteristics regarding labor and infrastructure of the various Spanish provinces. The methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of 52 Spanish provinces. As analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multivariate Analysis have been used. Although rural tourism is consolidated in the Spanish holiday culture, the effect of labor efficiency on Spanish provinces is uneven. Performance depends on the geographical area; thus, labor efficiency is only achieved in Asturias and Balearic Islands, where rural tourism has a strong and positive impact on employment. The variable length of stay of the holiday period carries important weight for labor efficiency to be reached in said provinces. It can be observed that hotels located in places with charm and with special environmental protection contribute directly to the labor efficiency of the area due to the direct relationship between the area of protected land and the labor efficiency of the province. Several provincial groups are established with a variety of different characteristics, which confirms that the level of labor ef- ficiency in the sector has yet to be maximized.
Some Notes on the Gini Index and New Inequality Measures: The nth Gini Index
(MDPI, 2024-11) Gavilán Ruiz, José Manuel; Ruiz Gándara, África; Ortega Irizo, Francisco Javier; González Abril, Luis; Economía Aplicada I; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
A new family of inequality indices based on the deviation between the expected maximum and the expected minimum of random samples, called the nth Gini index is presented. These indices generalize the Gini index. At the same time, this family of indices and the S-Gini index are generalized by proposing the uv−Gini index, which turns out to be a convex combination of the S-Gini index and the Lorenz family of inequality measures. This family of Gini indices provides a methodology for achieving perfect equality in a given distribution of incomes. This is achieved through a series of successive and equal increases in the incomes of each individual.

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