ESU Conference on Entrepreneurship (8th. 2011. Sevilla)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/56418

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 52

Business demography in Poland and Spain. Is a cross-country comparison possible?
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Nowak, Hanna; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The paper identifies the difficulties involved in creating indexes which can describe the complex nature of companies, and presents the internationally recommended methods for obtaining data relating to the basic demographic processes such as the birth, death and survival of companies. The research, whose aim was to assess the availability and comparability of data for Spain and Poland, revealed numerous problems connected with analysing the data. At the current stage of development in business demography statistics only a limited comparison of data for Spain and Poland can be conducted. The fragmentary data obtained from a variety of sources which are different in scope together with the short time period covered by the analysis do not allow an in-depth comparative interpretation.
Eco-labelling and firm financial performance
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Djupdal, Kari; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Eco-labels are alleged to attain the labelled firm with enhanced financial performance. However, there is virtually no empirical evidence on the impact of eco-labelling on firm financial performance. This study seeks to fill this gap by determining whether eco-labelled firms report superior financial performance compared to equivalent firms without an eco- label. Regression analyses of secondary accounting data of 858 firms indicate that eco- labelled firms report superior return on sales. Contrary to suggestions from the CSR literature and the resource-advantage theory, the findings suggest that the positive effect diminishes and that financial returns are hampered over time. This contradict that eco-labelling induce innovative learning effects resulting in a long term comparative advantage. These findings have practical and academic implications related to the design and implementation of eco- labels and the study significantly contribute to the emerging debate concerning the financial value of environmental investments. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire to measure entrepreneurial intentions
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Rueda Méndez, Samuel; Moriano León, Juan Antonio; Liñán, Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía Aplicada I; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) has been widely employed to predict entrepreneurial intentions. The TPB offers a coherent and generally applicable theoretical framework, which enables us to understand and predict entrepreneurial intentions by taking into account not only personal but also social factors (Krueger et al., 2000). This study presents the validation of an Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in a sample of more than three thousand Spanish university graduates. The EIQ comprises four subscales: attitudes towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. Unlike other questionnaires used in the field (Autio, Keeley, Klofsten, Parker & Hay, 2001; Krueger, Reilly & Carsrud, 2000; Liñán & Chen, 2009), EIQ follows Ajzen’s (Ajzen, 2002) methodological recommendations on how to construct a TPB questionnaire using composite measures of attitudes and subjective norms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) confirmed that the EIQ has a high reliability and predictive validity for Spanish university graduates’ entrepreneurial intentions.
Artistic entrepreneurship and the need for market orientation in the context of rising significance of the Creative Industries
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Olesiewicz, Konrad; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual background and definitions helpful for further research of growth oriented artistic entrepreneurship. Creative industries are becoming increasingly important to the economy of developed countries. This fact is starting to affect the creative arts sector both as a source of creative and artistic workers, innovation and a potential source of higher economic contributions. A brief macro to micro analysis puts the phenomenon in a wider context. Analogies between academic and artistic work are drawn in order to allow the possibility of exploring what seems to be a similar process that had already happened in the education sector. In several aspects congruence between artistic and knowledge based work is presented. Additionally, the paper presents some initial data collected from a preliminary qualitative study of 4 in-depth, open-ended, semi-structured interviews with growth oriented artistic entrepreneurs and artists. Findings: Literature and initial field studies seem to indicate that artistic and administrative, business-like, activities differ in terms of methods used. They also suggest that this may impact the work of artistic entrepreneurs and their willingness to further develop the venture. This is connected with the fact that many artists seem to operate in very specialized expert markets which can prove to be a challenge in a successful commercialization of their work. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the development of a topic that has not been studied well, but might be of significance in the near future. Initial macro and micro analysis of the phenomenon of artistic entrepreneurship tries to take into account perspectives from several disciplines in order to contribute to the accumulation of, so far, very scarce knowledge on the topic
Employability and entrepreneurship skills training programme for final year undergraduate students in Nigeria
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Essau, Cecilia A.; Asuzu, Michael; Asuzu, Chioma; Adebiyi, A. Olupelumi; O'Regan, Stephen; Kang, Daljit; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The main aims of the present project are develop a training programme to enhance employability and entrepreneurship skills to final year students; promote entrepreneurial culture, self-employment, and economic independence; and capacity building among staff at the University of Ibadan. Twenty final year students participated in the training for 8 days spread over a 10 week period. Results showed that all the participants reported their experience on the program as highly rewarding. They also reported having acquired numerous skills in the course of this intervention, including: entrepreneurial ability, communication skills, assertiveness, networking, listening ability, conflict resolution and self analysis and development.
Tanzanian female entrepreneurship: strategy for sustainability and growth
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Nziku, Dina M.; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
It is believed that SMEs employ more people in the labour market within Tanzania than other sectors of employment. Tanzania is still implementing a poverty reduction strategy in giving an appropriate support to the small and medium enterprises sector. This is needed as evidenced by a number of factors as per this researcher‟s analysis. Lack of evidence for supportive policy making, the disconnection between economic planning (manpower available as well as training) and human capital development which means capacity gaps facing SMEs remain unaddressed. Following the World Bank Group Report (2009) it shows that, policy making within Tanzania is typically based on the assumption of continuing SMEs support (World Bank 2009). Currently there are more female than male entrepreneurs in Tanzania getting involved in entrepreneurial activities as opposed to other Sub Saharan African countries. Females play a strong role in terms of labour force participation; women and men in Tanzania are in an approximately equal position: 88% of women versus 91% of men for those aged 15 – 64 years old in 2006 (Utz 2008). This study will investigate the factors which attract female entrepreneurs in Tanzania to entrepreneurial activities. Following the World Bank Group (2009), Tanzanian women seem to contribute heavily to economic growth, but they are at a disadvantage according to social indicators. The above phenomenon was noted by Utz (2008) within Tanzania and is quite different from other developing countries especially Sub-Saharan Africa as whole, with 63% of women and 86% of men participating in the labour force (World Bank 2009). Within Tanzania there are only 4% of women who are working in paid jobs (formal/informal) while 9.8% of men who work on paid jobs, Labour Force Survey (URT 2002). Most of the Tanzanian women work informally with 71% of workers in the formal sector being men (Tanzania, NBS 2002).
Individual Commitment to Entrepreneurial Opportunities within Firms: Does Intuition – Based Behavior Matter?
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Degeorge, Jean-Michel; Fayolle, Alain; Randerson, Kathleen; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The aim of this qualitative study is to identify how the perceptions of the entrepreneur on the nature of the opportunity (objective reality / social construction) and his/her cognitive style (analytical / intuitive) influence the process of commitment to opportunity (analytic process / intuition-based process). Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs with previous opportunity exploitation experience perceive systematically opportunities as social constructions. The individual commitment process to entrepreneurial opportunities perceived as objective realities is analytical, while this process to opportunities perceived as social constructions can be intuition-based, analytical, or mixed. Size and industry seem to have a strong influence on the choice of process type.
A classification of social media methods of environmental scanning for entrepreneurial opportunity development
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) den Engelse, Natalie; Wijnhoven, Fons; Groen, Aard; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
A limited amount of scholarly literature has focused on environmental scanning and the use of social media by nascent entrepreneurs. This paper aims to address these deficiencies in literature. A theoretical framework is presented that describes the level of scanning towards entrepreneurial opportunity development and includes fifteen social media based methods for scanning the environment with the objective of entrepreneurial opportunity development. This methods are reviewed on their data collection, interpretation and learning. Several implications for both practice and future research derive from this framework and are discussed.
Entrepreneurship, local development and the Green Region
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Vliamos, Spyros J.; Sarigiannis, Dimosthenis A.; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The current financial crisis coupled with the pressure on the environment create the increasing need to deliver creative disruptions in the global economy if sustainable development is to be achieved. For this to happen, a regional environmental management system needs to be put together through the coordination of strategic local plans that may result in branding whole regions as “green”. This would have significant benefits to the local entreprises, especially if put in place through an entrepreneurial development action plan that would create an “entrpreneurial ecology”. This system would capture the sustainability potential offered by the dynamic interactions and innovation initiatives of market actors while reducing the exogenous energy and material flows of the economic system, and addressing efficiently the issue of sustainable consumption.
Imagination in entrepreneurial opportunity creation
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Frederiks, A.J.; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Many authors mention the use of imagination by entrepreneurs, but none of them discuss how entrepreneurs use their imagination and to what extent it helps them to create their opportunities. This research builds on existing entrepreneurship literature to answer the question how entrepreneurs use imagination to create opportunities. This question will be answered by performing in-depth case studies based on narratives.
Evaluating content dimensions in entrepreneurship education
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Moberg, Kåre; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Interest in entrepreneurship education is growing over the world, especially in innovation based economies, such as Denmark (GEM, 2010). However, we know rather little about the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, in particular with respect to which type of course content produces the best results (i.e. most high performing entrepreneurs) and how this affects different types of students. There is a great variety of different views in the field of research concerning the content and structure of entrepreneurship courses, but no comprehensive study has as yet been done in which these competing views are clearly articulated as rivals and tested against each other. There is also a lack of programme evaluations that use control groups and have a longitudinal design (Gorman, Hanlon & King, 1997; Matlay, 2008). Those that have this setup often experience methodological problems due to their conceptual framework (Krueger, 2009), or they have a view of entrepreneurship that does not take into account the advancements within research that have been made during the last decade (Sarasvathy, 2008). Thus, we clearly need to dig deeper into this field in order to create methods and models that allow us to evaluate the outcomes of different types of entrepreneurship courses. With the beginning of 2011, the Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship – Young Enterprise1 initiated a research project with the aim to further our understanding of the type of impact entrepreneurship education and different educational designs have on different types of students. Two longitudinal quasi-experimental surveys, one with a focus on elementary- and secondary-level education and one with focus on tertiary-level education, will be performed and databases with students from all parts and levels of the Danish educational system will be created. The surveys will use entrepreneurial self-efficacy (Mauer, Neergaard & Kirketerp, 2009) as a performance indicator, but in order to generate robust results the development of new measurement tools is needed. In this paper the initial phases of this project and the research design of these two surveys will be presented.
Successful anglo-american entrepreneurs and the american dream. A narrative analysis
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Keijzer, Marian; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Some of the most successful entrepreneurs in the Anglo-American world have written their autobiographies. A narrative analysis of these autobiographies reveal the influence of the American Dream on their life and on the way they tell their lifestories. An emphasis on moral correctness as well as on working hard, perseverance and discipline justifies the success of the narrators. The American Myth seems to be a reality – at least for white, Anglo-American, male entrepreneurs.
On the use of the Cauchy distribution to describe price fluctuations in R&D and other forms of real assets
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Casault, Sébastein; Groen, Aard J.; Linton, Jonathan D.; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
An improved model for describing the returns of assets that result from R&D efforts is needed. Such a model may lead to better decision support tools to monetize the value of R&D activities for both public and private sector technology managers. Real option pricing methodologies are often used to gauge appropriate funding levels for assets such as R&D projects that contain large time-dependent uncertainties. A study of the commonly used Black-Scholes equation finds that the Gaussian distribution assumption used to describe the behaviour of the underlying assets’ fluctuations is not appropriate for R&D. This conclusion is based on a study of 43 military R&D projects and 100 micro-cap technology intensive small firms. A power law, such as the Cauchy distribution, is shown to be more accurate in describing fluctuations in returns on R&D investments. Using historical data we find that the Cauchy distribution is a better representation of the underlying assets’ behaviour in military R&D projects and in technology intensive firms with small market capitalization (i.e., single project firms that are commercializing R&D).
Research proposal: who’s in control? self-directed and self-regulated learning in entrepreneurship training programmes
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Donkers, Ellen; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Several authors in entrepreneurship have called for a multidisciplinary approach in entrepreneurship research (Mishra & Zachary, 2010; Ireland & Webb, 2007). Having a background in educational science and design, I intend to use a multidisciplinary approach, combining insights from the fields of educational science and entrepreneurship. There is more to gain from educational science than Kolb’s experiential learning model. The aim of this research project is to apply a design research approach to develop a set of design principles or methodology for teaching entrepreneurship. The design methodology will be based on the generic model for educational design by Verhagen, Kuiper and Plomp (1999), consisting of an iterative process of analysis (learner, context, needs), design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) and will be embedded in the design paradigms as articulated by Visscher-Voerman & Gustafsson (2004). The analysis will consist of a combination of a literature study and data collection on adult learning theory, entrepreneurial learning, pedagogy and cognition, the entrepreneurial process and other yet to be defined units of analysis. This analysis will result in a set of design criteria and two possible options to proceed from: (1) a full design to validate all design criteria, (2) the validation of a selection of the design criteria by conducting (quasi) experiments. Both options will include all phases of the design process. The outcome of this research project will be a set of validated design principles/heuristics for teaching entrepreneurship, which will provide guidelines for practitioners in entrepreneurship education. Once validated, these design criteria can also be used to develop an evaluation tool to assess the quality of entrepreneurship education. Apart from being practically relevant, the research will also have theoretical implications. The integration of insights from educational science and entrepreneurship may offer new perspectives and advance existing theories in both fields. The application of a design research approach will also add to the body of knowledge of design research, in both fields.
Resource acquisition of entrepreneurs: exploring the strategies for collaboration in a business incubator
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Kaffka, Gabi; Rosendaal, Hans; Zalewska-Kurek, Kasia; Geurts, Peter; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The lack of resources of young and becoming firms is one of the reasons for the emergence of business incubators. However, the micro-level processes of collaboration between entrepreneurs and business incubator staff are still not fully explored in entrepreneurship studies. This study aims to fill this gap. Business development support is analyzed in terms of entrepreneurial decision- making about collaboration with BI staff. Our aim is the identification of correlations between certain resource acquisition strategies and more successful entrepreneurial opportunity development.
Business Opportunities Prototypical Dimensions in Recognition and Decision Stages of the Entrepreneurial Process
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Fernandes Costa, Sílvia; Correia Santos, Susana; Caetano, António; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Entrepreneurship‟s research field focuses on how, by whom and by what means business opportunities are discovered, evaluated and exploited (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000; Baum, Frese, Baron & Katz, 2007). In this study we intend to understand how individuals use the business opportunity prototype (Baron and Ensley, 2006), in different stages of the entrepreneurial process: recognition and decision stages. We used a methodology based on scenarios and on the dimensions of the business opportunity prototype. The study is experimental with a design 2 (scenario A and B) X 3 (business‟ characteristics: customer‟s problem solving; cash flow; manageable risk). Results allowed to understand how individuals use the prototype in two stages of the entrepreneurial process. Both in business opportunity recognition and decision to launch a venture stages, risk plays a fundamental. Following, in recognition stage money and profit are something very considered. However when it comes to actually launch the venture (decision making) customers occupy individuals‟ attention. These results bring important contributions on how individuals recognize business opportunities and how they evaluate their characteristics according to a prototype framework.
Influence of innovation and cooperation on business competitiveness in the andalusian metal-mechanic sector
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Tamayo Gallego, Juan Aurelio; Martínez Román, Juan Antonio; Romero García, José Enrique; Gamero Rojas, Francisco Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados (Marketing); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía Aplicada I; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
This paper explores the relationship between innovative outcomes, cooperation and competitiveness in the Andalusian metal-mechanic sector. In order to achieve this objective, we develop a structural equation model that directly relates quality management, knowledge and financial resources to innovative outcomes. The model also examines the influence of cooperation on innovative outcomes and of both factors on firm competitiveness. The empirical study has validated the assumptions made in a peripheral region of Europe characterized by the dominance of traditional services and a low R&D activity. Such contexts have been less studied in empirical research on innovation and competitiveness.
Intellectual Capital in a Recession: The SME Entrepreneurs’ View
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Lennox, Henry; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
Intellectual Capital encompasses most areas of an organisation. Although many activities are not labelled as either the pursuit of Intellectual Capital measurement or its realisation, they are integral to the understanding of this area. It is generally accepted that Intellectual Capital consists of Human Capital, Structural Capital and Relational Capital. The reported study unpicks through a qualitative investigation of the perception of Intellectual Capital by entrepreneurs in SME’s. The specific industrial context is the precision engineering industry in the United Kingdom. The study explores how useful entrepreneurs in this target population perceive Intellectual Capital to be to them, and highlights the value that Intellectual Capital exploitation adds to their organisations. The general context is one of financial insecurity and contraction of demand, coupled with increasing operational pressure from international competitors with lower cost structures. The general conclusion is that entrepreneurs who understand the principles of intellectual capital and its exploitation are better suited for the challenges of entrepreneurial pursuit in a recessionary period from the results the Sector of Operating Efficiency (SoOE) was identified.
Entrepreneurial potential: connecting some dots
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Correia Santos, Susana; Caetano, António; Curral, Luís; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
The present study proposes an entrepreneurial potential theoretical model and scale. Connecting the previous research evidences from entrepreneurs’ literature, we define entrepreneurial potential as the individuals’ readiness to engage on entrepreneurship typical activities, and we propose that the entrepreneurial potential includes four main dimensions (entrepreneurial motivations, management competencies, psychological competencies and social competencies) and eleven subdimensions. To assess the entrepreneurial potential we created the Entrepreneurial Potential Assessment Inventory (EPAI). In three studies, we present evidences of content, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. The Inventory can be established as a tool of high value to the community to help identify competencies requiring development, and to help design or adjust training courses in entrepreneurship.
Applying critical discourse analysis to explore the Italian Universities. Orientation towards the entrepreneurial model
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2011) Riviezzo, Angelo; Napolitano, Maria Rosaria; Garofano, Antonella; Liñán, Francisco; Guzmán Cuevas, Joaquín J.
This paper is aimed to discuss the actual commitment of Italian universities towards their third mission of economic and social development, providing an innovative perspective of analysis. We apply Critical Discourse Analysis to assess how Italian universities engagement with the stakeholder community is interpreted, implemented, communicated and disseminated within and outside the academic organizations. One of the most significant points in the evolution of organizational studies is the growing interest in language, whose construction is a key, alternative to traditional, to understand the organizational and inter-organizational phenomena. Critical Discourse Analysis is based on the assumption that language is not neutral with respect to organizational and inter-organizational dynamics, but it contributes to their production. In management studies, discourse analysis is a new heuristic strategy for those who are interested in the processes of social construction of organizational phenomena that have as their central element the text. Critical Discourse Analysis tries to unite, and determines the relationship between, three levels of analysis: (a) the actual text; (b) the discursive practices; and (c) the larger social context that bears upon the text and the discursive practices. We made our survey focusing on the texts published by each one of the 84 Italian universities on their websites. The first level of analysis was a lexical-statistical study of the texts with the main aim of observing the adopted terminology (vocabulary). At a second level, and on the basis of the previously performed analysis, we employed multidimensional statistic techniques, in order to study the discursive practices. Discourse study starts from concordances analysis, that deals with the identification of some local contexts containing word-types of specific interest. The final result is the reconstruction of the major sense behavior models. At a macro level, an exploratory study of the social context has been realized in order to link the texts and the discursive practices to the background conditions. Such analysis partially contributed to fill a gap in the literature, that is the study of the entrepreneurial university model from the discursive profile in the specific Italian context.

Examinar

Envíos recientes