Artículos (Psiquiatría)
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Artículo Actitudes y normas culturales ante la bebida. Resultados de una encuesta de población en la provincia de Sevilla(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias (AESED), 1988) Franco Fernández, María Dolores; Gili Miner, Miguel; Sariego, A.; Giner Ubago, José; Lacalle Remigio, Juan Ramón; Perea Milla, Emilio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS312: Análisis de la Demanda Sanitaria; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS149: PsiquiatríaEn este artículo se analizan los resultados de una encuesta sobre las actitudes y normas culturales frente a la bebida en una muestra representativa de la provincia de Sevilla (1.536 personas). Se estudian las razones para beber (celebratorias y sociales, dietéticas, búsqueda de efectos psicoactivos) y las relaciones entre edad, sexo y cantidad de etanol consumida y la búsqueda de los efectos psicoactivos del etanol. Se analizan las actitudes de la población ante la ebriedad, que son de franca desaprobación y las razones en contra de la bebida, entre las que destaca la preocupación sobre los efectos que la bebida puede tener sobre el trabajo. Al estudiar las normas culturales sobre la bebida según la edad y sexo la máxima permisividad es para los varones de 21 y 40 años y la mayor represión es para las mujeres de 60 y 16 años. La permisividad es variable según las circunstancias, siendo máxima en actividades celebratorias o en el ambiente familiar y mínima en el trabajo o si se llegan a sentir los efectos del alcohol delante de los padres.Artículo La imagen de la mujer en el primer franquismo a través del Diario Odiel(Universidad de Huelva, 2012) Calero Delgado, María Luisa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM146: Medicina, Ciencia y Sociedad en Andalucía ( Siglos XVI al XX)El presente artículo pretende contribuir a la historia de género a partir del análisis del Diario Odiel, como "agente de socialización" del modelo de mujer vigente en el primer franquismo y reflejo del resto de estrategias implementadas por el régimen de Franco, así como de la vida femenina dentro de estas coordenadas temporales. Para ello profundizaremos en el pensamiento del Movimiento Nacional sobre la mujer y el papel asignado a la misma, en base a la construcción y perpetuación de la dictadura personal del caudillo.Artículo Detección de problemas relacionados con el alcohol en atención primaria(Elsevier, 1990) Gili Miner, Miguel; Giner Ubago, José; Lacalle Remigio, Juan Ramón; Franco Fernández, María Dolores; Velasco, A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS312: Análisis de la Demanda Sanitaria; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS149: PsiquiatríaSe analizan los resultados de una encuesta a médicos de atención primaria para conocer los factores que influyen en la detección y tratamiento de pacientes con problemas relacionados con el alcohol. Se comprueba que el número de pacientes diagnosticados está relacionado con la educación formal previa recibida sobre este tema. Los médicos están muy interesados en el problema y en sus soluciones, pero no están satisfechos ni se sienten gratificados con su trabajo. Los sentimientos gratificantes están directamente relacionados con la educación formal previa, y quienes se sienten gratificados diagnostican más pacientes. La necesidad de mejorar la formación de los médicos de atención primaria debe ir acompañada de sustanciales mejoras organizativas en la red de asistencia primaria, fundamentalmente en la coordinación de actividades entre los médicos de atención primaria, servicios especializados y servicios de asistencia social.Artículo El discurso higiénico como argumento moralizante de la mujer: “La Higiene del Bello Sexo” de Ramón Hernández Poggio (1847)(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, 2013) Bernal Borrego, Encarnación; Calero Delgado, María Luisa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM146: Medicina, Ciencia y Sociedad en Andalucía ( Siglos XVI al XX)El presente trabajo analiza la obra “Cartas a Clemencia, sobre la higiene del bello secso (sic)”de Ramón Hernández Poggio, donde se corrobora cómo la mujer en el siglo XIX se convierte en eje central de las publicaciones científicas o pseudo-científicas y, en concreto, en objeto tanto de estudio como de intervención por parte del médico, que como garante de unos conocimientos técnicos intenta mantener el orden burgués establecido, no dudando en utilizar la higiene como mecanismo de control, proscribiendo teatro, música, lecturas, banquetes y un sinfín de actividades que apartan a la mujer del ámbito del hogar y de su verdadera “misión”, de madre y esposa.Artículo La falta de empatía: ¿Un síntoma específico de la esquizofrenia?(Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología, 2013) Alcalá Pérez, Visitación; Camacho Laraña, Manuel; Romero, Samuel L.; Blanco Piñero, Nuria; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS111: Psicología Clínica y de la SaludLa empatía es definida como la capacidad del individuo para reaccionar ante las experiencias de los otros. La investigación sobre empatía en la enfermedad mental es limitada. El autismo y las psicopatías clásicas han sido los más estudiados. Los objetivos fueron dos: analizar la empatía en pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia (ESQ) y compararlos con pacientes diagnosticados de trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Se estudian 90 sujetos (30 ESQ, 30 TLP y 30 controles sanos) mediante el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los ESQ y los TLP tienen menor nivel de empatía que los controles sanos, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos de pacientes. El déficit empático se debe al componente cognitivo de la empatía, mientras el componente emocional no se modifica. Dicho déficit no permite diferenciar entre ESQ y TLP, lo que apoyaría la hipótesis de que los TLP serían formas mitigadas de esquizofrenia.Artículo Examen médico forense del estado mental en el juzgado de guardia(Asociacion Andaluza de Medicos Forenses, 2013) Guija Villa, Julio Antonio; Giner Jiménez, Lucas; Romero de la Cruz, C.; Guijarro Santoro, A.; López Aguilar, F. J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaArtículo A combination of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to test the effectiveness and safety in the fragile X syndrome: study protocol for a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial(Biomed Central Ltd; Bmc (Biomed Central); Bmc, 2024-09-03) Diego-Otero, Yolanda de; Calvo-Medina, Rocio; Quintero-Navarro, Carolina; Sánchez-Salido, Lourdes; García-Guirado, Francisco; Arco-Herrera, Ignacio del; Fernández-Carvajal, Isabel; Ferrando-Lucas, Teresa; Caballero-Andaluz, Rafaela; Pérez-Costillas, Lucia; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Gobierno de España; Junta de Andalucía; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. BIO308: Grupo Andaluz de Investigación en Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil (GAIPIJ)Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental condition characterised by behavioural, learning disabilities, phisical and neurological symptoms. In addition, an important degree of comorbidity with autism is also present. Considered a rare disorder affecting both genders, it first becomes apparent during childhood with displays of language delay and behavioural symptoms. Main aim: To show whether the combination of 10 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 10 mg/kg/day of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) reduces FXS symptoms among male patients ages 6 to 18 years compared to placebo treatment, as measured on the standardized rating scales at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Secondary aims: To assess the safety of the treatment. To describe behavioural and cognitive changes revealed by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Short Form (DBC-P24) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised. To describe metabolic changes revealed by blood analysis. To measure treatment impact at home and in an academic environment. Methods/Design: A phase II randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial. Scope: male children and adolescents diagnosed with FXS, in accordance with a standardized molecular biology test, who met all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Instrumentation: clinical data, blood analysis, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, Conners parent and teacher rating scale scores and the DBC-P24 results will be obtained at the baseline (t0). Follow up examinations will take place at 12 weeks (t1) and 24 weeks (t2) of treatment. Discussion: A limited number of clinical trials have been carried out on children with FXS, but more are necessary as current treatment possibilities are insufficient and often provoke side effects. In the present study, we sought to overcome possible methodological problems by conducting a phase II pilot study in order to calculate the relevant statistical parameters and determine the safety of the proposed treatment. The results will provide evidence to improve hyperactivity control and reduce behavioural and learning problems using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). The study protocol was approved by the Regional Government Committee for Clinical Trials in Andalusia and the Spanish agency for drugs and health products.Artículo Psychiatric comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder: a comparative study between DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnosis(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016-06-03) Romero, Marina; Aguilar, Juan Manuel; Rey Mejías, Ángel del; Mayoral, Fermín; Rapado Castro, Marta; Peciña Iturbe, Marta; Barbancho Fernández, Miguel Ángel; Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Lara Muñoz, José Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaBackground/Objective: The heterogeneous clinical presentations of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) pose a significant challenge for sample characterization. Therefore the main goal of DSM-5 must be to identify subgroups of ASD, including comorbidity disorders and severity. The main goal of this study is to explore the psychiatric comorbidities and the severity of symptoms that could be relevant for the phenotype characterization in ASD and also to compare these results according to the different classification criteria between the DSM-IV-TR and the DSM-5. Method: A comparative study of severity and psychiatric comorbidities was carried out between a sample of participants that only met criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) according to the DSM-IV-TR and a sample of participants that also met ASD criteria according to DSM-5 classification. The recruitment of children was via educational (N = 123). The psychiatric symptoms, comorbid disorders and severity of symptoms were assessed through The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, clinical interview and The Inventory of Autism Spectrum Disorder, respectively. The psychiatric comorbidities considered were: anxiety, eating behavioural problems, self-aggressiveness, hetero–aggressiveness, self-harm, obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Results: Statistically significant differences between both groups were found regarding obsessive compulsive disorder, eating behavioural problems and severity. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that patients who meet the DSM-5 criteria have more severe symptoms, not only regarding the core autistic symptoms but also in relation with psychiatric comorbidities.Artículo Sex-specific cognitive abnormalities in early-onset psychosis(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2017-01) Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Moreno-Granados, Josefa; Salcedo-Marin, Maria D.; Barrigón, María L.; Blanco-Morales, María J.; Igunza, Evelio; Cañabate, Anselmo; Garcia, Maria D.; Guijarro, Teresa; Diaz-Atienza, Francisco; Ferrin, Maite; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaObjectives: Brain maturation differs depending on the area of the brain and sex. Girls show an earlier peak in maturation of the prefrontal cortex. Although differences between adult females and males with schizophrenia have been widely studied, there has been less research in girls and boys with psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in verbal and visual memory, verbal working memory, auditory attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility between boys and girls. Methods: We compared a group of 80 boys and girls with first-episode psychosis to a group of controls. Results: We found interactions between group and sex in verbal working memory (p = 0.04) and auditory attention (p = 0.01). The female controls showed better working memory (p = 0.01) and auditory attention (p = 0.001) than males. However, we did not find any sex differences in working memory (p = 0.91) or auditory attention (p = 0.93) in the psychosis group. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the presence of sex-modulated cognitive profiles at f irst presentation of early-onset psychosis.Artículo La importancia de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales (SPCD) en la enfermedad de Alzheimer(Elsevier Doyma; Elsevier Espana Slu; Elsevier Doyma Sl, 2016-04-16) Pérez Romero, A.; González Garrido, Sergio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaIntroducción Los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de la demencia (SPCD) están presentes en la gran mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), provocando en ellos un importante deterioro en todos los ámbitos, incluido el funcional. Por tanto, es importante su diagnóstico y manejo precoces, máxime cuando actualmente no están recogidos en la clasificación Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) como un criterio para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, sino solo como característica específica de algunos pacientes. Como objetivo principal de esta revisión, se quiere destacar la importancia de estos síntomas en las demencias, en concreto en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Como objetivo secundario, discutir el hecho de que no hayan sido incluidos como criterio dentro de la nueva clasificación DSM-V. Desarrollo Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas bases de datos sobre dichos síntomas en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, obteniendo finalmente un total de 12 artículos. Conclusiones Destacar la importancia de estos síntomas ya que se encuentran en casi todos los pacientes, variando su prevalencia según el estudio y el síntoma estudiado; producen además una afectación de las capacidades del paciente a nivel cognitivo y funcional. También destacar la importancia de que se introduzcan como criterio diagnóstico en la clasificación DSM.Artículo Sex differences in gene expression related to antipsychotic induced weight gain(Public Library Science, 2019-04-15) Sainz, Jesus; Prieto, Carlos; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalAntipsychotics are crucial for the treatment of schizophrenia and contribute to weight gain in psychosis, particularly during early phases. Antipsychotic Induced Weight Gain (AIWG) might contribute to reduce the quality of life, drug compliance and to increase mortality. To characterize sex differences of gene expression related to AIWG, we sequenced total mRNAfrombloodsamplesofschizophrenia patients, before and after 3 months of antipsy chotic-treatment. We analyzed schizophrenia patients according to their sex (38 males and 39 females) and their BMI increase after medication, characterizing the differential gene expression before and after medication. Individuals in each group were categorized in patients who gain weight and those whose do not gain weight. The “weight gain” groups included patients with an increase of body mass index (BMI) > 1.0 points (27 males and 23 females with a median BMI increase of 2.68 and 2.32 respectively). The “no weight gain” groups included patients with a change of BMI between < 1.0 and >-1.0 points (11 males and16females with a median BMIincrease of0.21 and 0.16 respectively). The males had 331geneswith significant differential expression in the weight gain group and 24 genes in the no weight gain group. The females had 119genes with significant differential expression in the weight gain group and 75 genes in the no weight gain group. Both weight gain groups were significantly enriched with “obesity” genes (Fisher; p = 1.1E-09 and p = 0.0001 respec tively), according to the Gene Reference into Function (GeneRIF) database.In conclusion, wecharacterized genes with differential expression associated to AIWG that are specific to males, to females and commonto bothsexes. These genes aregood candidates todepict the biological processes involved in AIWG and provide additional evidence of the genetic links between weight gain and the immune system.Artículo Dopaminergic control of ADAMTS2 expression through cAMP/CREB and ERK: molecular effects of antipsychotics(Nature Publishing Group; Springernature, 2019-11-18) Ruso-Julve, Fulgencio; Pombero, Ana; Pilar-Cuéllar, Fuencisla; García-Díaz, Nuria; Garcia-Lopez, Raquel; Juncal-Ruiz, María; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Generalitat Valenciana; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalA better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that participate in the development and clinical manifestations of schizophrenia can lead to improve our ability to diagnose and treat this disease. Previous data strongly associated the levels of deregulated ADAMTS2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients at first episode of psychosis (up) as well as in clinical responders to treatment with antipsychotic drugs (down). In this current work, we performed an independent validation of such data and studied the mechanisms implicated in the control of ADAMTS2 gene expression. Using a new cohort of drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with clinical follow-up, we confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS2 was highly upregulated in PBMCs at the onset (drug-naïve patients) and downregulated, in clinical responders, after treatment with antipsychotics. Mechanistically, ADAMTS2 expression was activated by dopaminergic signalling (D1-class receptors) and downstream by cAMP/CREB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signalling. Incubation with antipsychotic drugs and selective PKA and MEK inhibitors abrogated D1-mediated activation of ADAMTS2 in neuronal-like cells. Thus, D1 receptors signalling towards CREB activation might participate in the onset and clinical responses to therapy in schizophrenia patients, by controlling ADAMTS2 expression and activity. The unbiased investigation of molecular mechanisms triggered by antipsychotic drugs may provide a new landscape of novel targets potentially associated with clinical efficacy.Artículo Altered gene expression in antipsychotic-induced weight gain(Nature Publishing Group; Nature Research, 2019-04-10) Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Prieto, Carlos; Sainz, Jesus; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalAntipsychotic drugs are one of the largest types of prescribed drugs. However, antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a major problem for the patients. AIWG increases cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, and reduces quality of life and drug compliance. To characterize changes in gene expression related to AIWG, we sequenced total messenger RNA from the blood samples of two groups of schizophrenia patients before and after 3 months of treatment with antipsychotics. The “weight gain” group was defined by an increase of body mass index (BMI) >1.5 points (18 patients; median BMI increase=2.69) and the “no weight gain” group was defined by a change of BMI between −1.0 points (18 patients; median BMI increase=0.26). We found 115 genes with significant differential expression in the weight gain group before and after medication and 156 in the no weight gain group before and after medication. The weight gain group was significantly enriched with genes related to “obesity” and “BMI” (Fisher; p =0.0002 and 0.01, respectively) according to the Gene Reference into Function (GeneRIF) database. In the no weight gain group, the enrichment was much smaller (Fisher; p=0.02 and 0.79). This study is a first step toward detecting genetic factors that cause AIWG and to generating prediction tests in future studies with larger data sets.Artículo Grip Strength, Neurocognition, and Social Functioning in People WithType-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia(Frontiers Media SA, 2020-11-25) Aliño-Dies, María; Sánchez-Ortí, Joan Vicent; Correa-Ghisays, Patricia; Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent; Vila-Francés, Joan; Selva-Vera, Gabriel; Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Generalitat Valenciana; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalBackground: Frailty is a common syndrome among older adults and patients with several comorbidities. Grip strength (GS) is a representative parameter of frailty because it is a valid indicator of current and long-term physical conditions in the general population and patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Physical and cognitive capacities of people with SMIs are usually impaired; however, their relationship with frailty or social functioning have not been studied to date. The current study aimed to determine if GS is a valid predictor of changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and SMIs. Methods: Assessments of social functioning, cognitive performance, and GS (measured with an electronic dynamometer) were conducted in 30 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 35 with major depressive disorder, 42 with bipolar disorder, 30 with schizophrenia, and 28 healthy controls, twice during 1-year, follow-up period. Descriptive analyses were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Differences between groups for the motor, cognitive, and social variables at T1 and T2 were assessed using a one-way analysis of covariance, with sex and age as co-variates (p < 0.01). To test the predictive capacity of GS at baseline to explain the variance in cognitive performance and social functioning at T2, a linear regression analysis was performed (p < 0.05). Results: Predictive relationships were found among GS when implicated with clinical, cognitive, and social variables. These relationships explained changes in cognitive performance after one year of follow-up; the variability percentage was 67.7%, in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 89.1% in patients with schizophrenia. Baseline GS along with other variables, also predicted changes in social functioning in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, with variability percentages of 67.3, 36, and 59%, respectively. Conclusion: GS combined with other variables significantly predicted changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in people with SMIs or type-2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions aimed to improve the overall physical conditions of patients who have poor GS could be a therapeutic option that confers positive effects on cognitive performance and social functioning.Artículo The burden of disease in early schizophrenia– a systematic literature review(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Such, Pedro; Nylander, Anna Greta; Madera, Jessica; Resemann, Henrike K.; Worthington, Emma; O’Connor, Molly; Drane, Emma; Steeves, Sara; Newton, Richard; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalBackground: Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with a burden that can vary greatly depend ing on the severity and the duration. Previous research has suggested that patients in the earlier stages of schizophrenia (typically first-episode schizophrenia) benefit from effective early treatment, however, a comprehensive review of the burden specifically in this population has not been under taken. A systematic literature review was therefore conducted to characterize the clinical, economic, and humanistic burden, as reported in naturalistic studies of schizophrenia populations specifically at an early stage of disease in comparison with healthy controls, patients with chronic schizophrenia, and patients with other psychiatric disorders. Methods and materials: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PsycINFO, and EconLit databases for records published between January 2005 and April 2019, and of relevant conference abstracts published between January 2014 and May 2019. Data were extracted from relevant publications and subjected to qualitative evaluation. Results: Fifty-two publications were identified for inclusion and revealed a considerable burden for early schizophrenia with regards to mortality, psychiatric comorbidities such as substance abuse and depression, poor social functioning, and unemployment. Comparisons with chronic schizophrenia sug gested a greater burden with longer disease duration, while comparisons with other psychiatric disor ders were inconclusive. This review uncovered various gaps in the available literature, including limited or no data on incarcerations, caregiver burden, and costs associated with early schizophrenia. Conclusions: Overall, the burden of schizophrenia is apparent even in the early stages of the disease, although further research is required to quantify the burden with chronic schizophrenia and other psy chiatric disorders.Artículo Diagnostic model development for schizophrenia based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtype-specific expression of metabolic markers(Nature Publishing Group; Springernature, 2022-10-30) Zaki, Jihan K.; Lago, Santiago G.; Rustogi, Nitin; Gangadin, Shiral S.; Benacek, Jiri; Van Rees, Geertje F.; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Tomasik, Jakub; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Gobierno de España; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalA significant proportion of the personal and economic burden of schizophrenia can be attributed to the late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disorder. A novel, objective diagnostic approaches could facilitate the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia and improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to identify robust schizophrenia-specific blood biomarkers, with the goal of developing an accurate diagnostic model. The levels of selected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers relevant to metabolic and immune function were measured in healthy controls (n=26) and recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 36) using multiplexed immunoassays and flow cytometry. Analysis of covariance revealed significant upregulation of insulin receptor (IR) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) levels in T helper cells (F = 10.75, P = 0.002, Q=0.024 and F=21.58, P=2.8×10−5, Q=0.0004, respectively), as well as downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in monocytes (F=21.46, P=2.9×10−5, Q=0.0004). The most robust predictors, monocyte GLUT1 and T helper cell CD36, were used to develop a diagnostic model, which showed a leave-one-out cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66–0.92). The diagnostic model was validated in two independent datasets. The model was able to distinguish first-onset, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 34) from healthy controls (n = 39) with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64–0.86), and also differentiated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) from patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (n =68), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.92). These findings indicate that PBMC-derived biomarkers have the potential to support an accurate and objective differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.Artículo Anti-stigma training and positive changes in mental illness stigma outcomes in medical students in ten countries: a mediation analysis on pathways via empathy development and anxiety reduction(Springer Heidelberg, 2022-04-22) Potts, Laura C.; Bakolis, Ioannis; Deb, Tanya; Lempp, Heidi; Vince, Tushar; Benbow, Yasmin; Franco Fernández, María Dolores; Vega Sánchez, Diego de la; Avelar, Pedro Paulo Narciso de; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS149: Psiquiatría.Purpose Studies of mental illness stigma reduction interventions have been criticised for failing to evaluate behavioural outcomes and mechanisms of action. This project evaluates training for medical students entitled ‘Responding to Experi enced and Anticipated Discrimination’ (READ), developed to focus on skills in addition to attitudes and knowledge. We aimed to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of READ with respect to knowledge, attitudes, and clinical communication skills in responding to mental illness-related discrimination, and (ii) investigate whether its potential effectiveness was mediated via empathy or/and intergroup anxiety. Methods This is an international multisite non-randomised pre- vs post-controlled study. Eligible medical students were currently undertaking their rotational training in psychiatry. Thirteen sites across ten countries (n = 570) were included in the final analysis. Results READ was associated with positive changes in knowledge (mean difference 1.35; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.82), attitudes (mean difference − 2.50; 95% CI − 3.54 to − 1.46), skills (odds ratio 2.98; 95% CI 1.90 to 4.67), and simulated patient perceived empathy (mean difference 3.05; 95% CI 1.90 to 4.21). The associations of READ with knowledge, attitudes, and communication skills but not with simulated patient perceived empathy were partly mediated through student reported empathy and intergroup anxiety. Conclusion This is the first study to identify mediating effects of reduced intergroup anxiety and increased empathy in an evaluation of anti-stigma training that includes behavioural measures in the form of communication skills and perceived empathy. It shows the importance of both mediators for all of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and hence of targeting both in future interventions.Artículo Predicting clinical and functional trajectories in individuals with first-episode psychosis by baseline deviations in grey matter volume(Royal College of Psychiatrists ; Cambridge University Press, 2025-06-16) Alemán Morillo, C.; Muñoz-Caracuel, Manuel; García-San-Martín, Natalia; Garrido-Torres, Nathalia; Alemany-Navarro, María; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Crespo Facorro, Benedicto; Romero García, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Gobierno de España; Junta de Andalucía; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC245: Topological Pattern Analysis, Recognition and Learning; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS1086: Psiquiatría TraslacionalBackground Predicting long-term outcome trajectories in psychosis remains a crucial and challenging goal in clinical practice. The identification of reliable neuroimaging markers has often been hindered by theclinical and biological heterogeneity of psychotic disorders and the limitations of traditional case-control methodologies, which often mask individual variability. Recently, normative brain charts derived from extensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data-sets covering the human lifespan have emerged as a promising biologically driven solution, offering a more individualised approach. Aims To examine how deviations from normative cortical and subcortical grey matter volume (GMV) at first-episode psychosis (FEP) onset relate to symptom and functional trajectories. Method We leveraged the largest available brain normative model (N > 100 000) to explore normative deviations in a sample of over 240 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who underwent MRI scans at the onset of FEP and received clinical follow-up at 1, 3 and 10 years. Results Our findings reveal that deviations in regional normative GMV at FEP onset are significantly linked to overall long-term clinical trajectories, modulating the effect of time on both symptom and functional outcome. Specifically, negative deviations in the left superior temporal gyrus and Broca’s area at FEP onset were notably associated with a more severe progression of positive and negative symptoms, as well as with functioning trajectories over time. Conclusions These results underscore the potential of brain developmental normative approaches for the early prediction of disorder progression, and provide valuable insights for the development of preventive and personalised therapeutic strategies.Artículo Understanding the potential of digital therapies in implementing the standard of care for depression in Europe(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier; Cambridge Univ Press, 2023-10-24) Courtet, Philippe; Amiot, Odile; Baca-Garcia, Enrique; Bellardita, Lara; Cerveri, Giancarlo; Clair, Anne Hélène; Giner Jiménez, Lucas; Volpe, Umberto; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaArtículo The efficacy and usability of an unguided web-based grief intervention for adults who lost a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic: randomized controlled trial(JMIR Publications, Inc, 2023-10-26) Domínguez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Sanz Gómez, Sergio; González Ramírez, Leivy Patricia; Herdoiza-Arroyo, Paulina Erika; Trevino García, Lorena Edith; Rosa-Gómez, Anabel de la; González-Cantero, Joel Omar; Macías-Aguinaga, Valeria; Miaja, Melina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de PsiquiatríaBackground: The death of a loved one was a challenge many people faced during the COVID-19 pandemic within the context of extraordinary circumstances and great uncertainty. Grief is an unavoidable part of life, and for most people, feelings of grief decrease naturally over time. However, for some people, grieving can become a particularly painful process with clinical symptoms that may require professional help to resolve. To provide psychological support to people who had lost a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic, an unguided web-based psychological intervention was developed. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the web-based treatment, Grief COVID (Duelo COVID in Spanish; ITLAB), in reducing clinical symptoms of complicated grief, depression, posttraumatic stress, hopelessness, anxiety, and suicidal risk in adults. The secondary aim was to validate the usability of the self-applied intervention system. Methods: We used a randomized controlled trial with an intervention group (IG) and a waitlist control group (CG). The groups were assessed 3 times (before beginning the intervention, upon completing the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention). The intervention was delivered on the web in an asynchronous format through the Duelo COVID web page. Participants created an account that could be used on their computers, smartphones, or tablets. The evaluation process was automated as part of the intervention. Results: A total of 114 participants were randomly assigned to the IG or CG and met criteria for inclusion in the study (n=45, 39.5% completed the intervention and n=69, 60.5% completed the waitlist period). Most participants (103/114, 90.4%) were women. The results indicated that the treatment significantly reduced baseline clinical symptoms in the IG for all variables (P<.001 to P=.006), with larger effect sizes for depression, hopelessness, grief, anxiety, and risk of suicide (all effect sizes ≥0.5). The follow-up evaluation showed that symptom reduction was maintained at 3 months after the intervention. The results from the CG showed that participants experienced significantly decreased levels of hopelessness after completing the time on the waitlist (P<.001), but their suicidal risk scores increased. Regarding the usability of the self-applied intervention system, the results indicated a high level of satisfaction with the Grief COVID. Conclusions: The self-applied web-based intervention Grief COVID was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, hopelessness, risk of suicide risk, posttraumatic stress disorder, and complicated grief disorder. Grief COVID was evaluated by the participants, who reported that the system was easy to use. These results affirm the importance of developing additional web-based psychological tools to help reduce clinical symptoms in people experiencing grief because of the loss of a loved one during a pandemic.