Artículos (Podología)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11070

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Forensic stature estimation: a systematic review of the correlation between footprints and individual height
(Humana Press INC; Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-10-30) García-Mora, Sara; Regife-Fernández, Laura; Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Manfredi Márquez, María José; Vázquez-Castro, María; Alvárez-Cordero, Juan; Correa-Rodriguez, Rosario; Castro Méndez, Aurora; Podología; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); CTS601: Hermes
Anthropometric identification is crucial in legal contexts, where height is a relevant distinguishing characteristic. The estimation of height through plantar impressions is a tool used in forensic podiatric examinations, and it is relevant to be familiar with the most suitable techniques for correlating the length of the footprints with height. This systematic review aims to evaluate forensic identification methods by analysing inked footprint collection and measurement techniques, their correlation with height, and the available scientific evidence. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Dialnet. Descriptive observational studies linking the length of plantar impressions of healthy adults of both sexes with their height were included. Seven studies published between 2012 and 2020 were selected. All studies showed statistically significant correlations between height and plantar impression measurements, analyzed using Pearson´s correlation coefficient. The inked footprint method was the most widely used and demonstrated high reliability. Additionally, techniques based on foot contours and pedigraphs also showed strong correlations with height and foot length. However, the scientific evidence on this topic is limited, highlighting the need for further research to optimise these techniques and enhance their validity for forensic applications.
Consensus-based guidelines for intervention protocols targeting the foot spring mechanism during landing: a modified Delphi study
(Elsevier, 2025-09-01) Radcliffe, Ceridwen R.; Brown, Nicholas A. T.; Newman, Phil; Bull, John; Spratford, Wayne; Foot Spring Training Consensus Group; Castro Méndez, Aurora; Wang, Lin; Podología; CTS601: Hermes
Objectives To reach consensus of opinion on exercise selection and prescription guidelines for training the energetic function of the foot for landing tasks. Design A modified Delphi design with three rounds of questionnaires. Methods Twenty-eight expert participants (clinicians n = 16, biomechanists n = 9, exercise physiologist n = 1, sport/exercise scientist n = 1, and athletic trainer n = 1) completed three rounds of questionnaires whereby they answered open-ended questions about optimal foot function, suggested exercises and prescription parameters to target the foot spring and ranked their level of agreement to exercises and prescription statements on 5-point Likert scales. Results Forty-six exercises were presented to participants, of which 23 reached consensus of agreement. Fifty-four exercise prescription statements were generated from the open responses of participants, and of these, 21 statements reached consensus of agreement, and one reached consensus of disagreement. Conclusions The exercises that reached consensus were multi-joint, functionally integrated exercises. The exercises included plyometric-based exercises, which is consistent with published literature that has shown that plyometric training increases musculotendinous stiffness and energy recycling. The exercises, however, were dissimilar to exercises previously used in foot training literature. The exercise prescription statements that reached consensus aligned with American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise prescription guidelines, and the prescription parameters used in plyometric-training literature.
Comparative effectiveness of conservative therapies for plantar fasciitis: A retrospective observational study
(MDPI, 2025-09-05) Rayo Pérez, Ana María; Juárez Jiménez, José María; Ortiz Romero, Mercedes; Gordillo Fernández, Luis María; García de la Peña, Raquel; Podología; CTS589: Avances en Cirugía Podológica; CTS042: Investigación y desarrollo en biomecánica deportiva y cirugía podológica
Background: Plantar fascitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. Although various conservative treatments have been studied, comparative real-world effectiveness remains underreported. Objective: To retrospectively evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of percutaneous neuromodulation, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), and custom foot orthoses in patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2023 at a podiatric clinic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to medical records, and 120 patients were divided into three groups according to treatment, with 7 patients excluded due to noncompliance with follow-up. Pain intensity (VAS) and functional improvement (FFI) were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post-treatment. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, ANOVA, effect size (Cohen’s d), and 95% confidence intervals. The STROBE checklist was followed. Results: All three interventions showed significant improvement in pain and function at 6 months (p < 0.05). Neuromodulation achieved the highest pain reduction (VAS mean difference −6.2, d = 1.02), followed by ESWT (d = 0.78) and orthoses (d = 0.65). Functional scores improved similarly across all groups, with no significant difference at 6 months (p = 0.12). Conclusions: Percutaneous neuromodulation demonstrated greater clinical effectiveness in pain reduction compared to ESWT and orthoses, although functional outcomes were similar. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Variations in centre of pressure and balance performance induced by footwear drop in healthy adults
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-10-01) Fragua-Blanca, Raquel; Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Tena-León, Manuel Jesús; Escamilla Martínez, Elena; Podología; CTS601: Hermes
Background Posturography is a diagnostic technique that quantifies postural control through Centre of Pressure (CoP) displacement analysis on a force platform. Footwear characteristics, particularly heel-to-toe drop, may influence balance by modifying plantar pressure distribution and proprioceptive feedback. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different footwear drops (0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm) on postural control in healthy young adults, considering sex, BMI, and shoe size. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 117 participants (56 men, 61 women) using the Dinascan/IBV® platform and the Romberg test. CoP displacement and velocity were analyzed. Results Significant differences were observed in CoP total displacement (p < 0.001), mean velocity (p < 0.001), and medio-lateral dispersion (p = 0.024) when comparing 0 mm to 5 mm and 10 mm drops. Sex differences were significant at 0 mm drop for maximum medio-lateral force (p < 0.001) and mean velocity (p = 0.042), with men exhibiting greater values. At 5 mm drop, men showed significantly higher swept area (p = 0.029) and anteroposterior displacement (p = 0.007) than women. Conclusions Small variations in footwear drop can affect postural control, particularly in the medio-lateral plane. Sex and BMI significantly influence CoP behavior, suggesting the need to consider these factors in footwear design and clinical balance assessments.
Effects of plantar static pressure distribution in subject with bilateral hallux limitus: a detailed case-control study
(AME Publishing company, 2025-08-12) Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, Ricardo; Losa-Iglesias, Marta Elena; López López, Daniel; Gómez‐Salgado, Juan; Bayod López, Javier; Podología; CTS601: Hermes
Background: Hallux limitus (HL) is defined as the restriction of dorsiflexion (DF) in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (IMTFJ) under closed kinetic chain conditions, where the distal segment is fixed and the foot is in contact with the ground. This biomechanical condition compromises the Windlass mechanism during the propulsive phase of gait, generating pain and functional disability. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the aspect of foot shape linked to distribution of static plantar pressure in individuals with bilateral HL compared to subjects with normal foot. Methods: A total of 90 subjects participated in this case-control study, divided into two groups: 45 individuals with bilateral HL and 45 healthy individuals without any known foot pathology. A portable pressure platform was used to measure each subject’s static plantar pressure. Results: Individuals with HL showed significantly increased contact surface in the forefoot (left: 36.67±8.30 vs. 28.91±7.94 cm2) and heel (left: 30.85±7.70 vs. 24.55±7.17 cm2; right: 31.01±7.98 vs. 25.71±7.64 cm2), and higher medium peak pressure in the left foot (HL: 27.90±5.41 kPa vs. control: 22.58±6.57 kPa) (P<0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with bilateral HL showed altered static plantar pressure distribution and increased contact surface in the forefoot and heel compared to healthy controls. Limitations include sex imbalance between groups and lack of dynamic data. These findings may reflect compensatory adaptations and support the need for tailored interventions to improve foot function in this population.
Clinical and Demographics Aspects of Foot Angioleiomyomas: Case Reports and Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2025-08-01) Córdoba Fernández, Antonio; Mir-Gil, Joaquín; Díaz-Baena, Carolina; Ballesteros-Mora, Marina; Córdoba-Jiménez, Victoria Eugenia; Castro Méndez, Aurora; Podología; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); CTS589: Avances en Cirugía Podológica; CTS601: Hermes
Background and Clinical Significance: Angioleiomyoma (ALM) is a benign tumor that generally presents as a single lesion and, according to the updated WHO classification, includes the following three histological subtypes: solid (or capillary), cavernous, and venous. Typically, ALMs are described as well-defined nodules in the lower extremities but are unusually located in the acral locations and toes. We summarize two cases of ALM and perform a systematic review to provide foot surgeons with the most up-to-date and useful information on the epidemiological aspects, anatomical distribution, and specific histological subtypes of ALM in the foot. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out according to the criteria of a PICO framework, and a systematic search and data processing were carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed patient demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic workup, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Each one of the included articles was independently assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias by an independent evaluator. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed based on their characteristics. Results: This systematic review included 14 case series with 172 reported cases of ALM. One hundred and seventy-two (18.57%) were cases of ALM located on foot, excluding the ankle region. The female-to-male ratio was 1.48. The most common location was the hindfoot (41.5%), followed by the forefoot (20.2%) and the midfoot (8.9%). In 29.4% of cases, the location of the lesions could not be determined. The most frequent location of the lesions was subcutaneous (69%), followed by subaponeurotic (16.5%) and skin (14.5%) locations. The most frequent histological presentation was the solid histologic subtype (65%), followed by the venous subtype (21%) and the cavernous subtype (14%), respectively. Of the total reported cases of ALM located in foot, 63.1% presented as solid painful lesions. Calcified presentations occurred in 7% of cases, with more than half of the cases located in the hindfoot. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice in the two herein reported cases of solid ALM located in the hindfoot, one of them with a calcified presentation. No recurrence was observed in either case after two and five years of follow-up, respectively. All cases reviewed after surgical excision showed a low recurrence rate with a favorable prognosis regardless of the histological subtype and a very rare tendency toward malignancy. Conclusions: ALMs of the foot present as well-defined, painful nodules in the subcutaneous tissue of middle-aged women. Solid histological subtypes are the most prevalent. Histopathological analysis is usually essential for confirmation. Treatment consists primarily of direct excision, with remarkably low recurrence rates.
Study of Force Changes Based on Orthotic Elements Under the First Ray
(Mdpi, 2025-07-09) Ballesteros Mora, Marina; Munuera Martínez, Pedro Vicente; Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Sáez Díaz, Antonia; Ramos Ortega, Javier; Podología; CTS1136: Patología y Función del Pie
The first ray plays a fundamental role in foot biomechanics, particularly in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and enabling efficient weight transfer during the mid-stance and propulsion phases of gait. When dorsiflexed—a condition known as metatarsus primus elevatus—especially in its flexible form, this structure disrupts load distribution, impairs propulsion, and contributes to various clinical symptoms. Despite its clinical importance, the biomechanical impact of orthotic elements placed beneath the first ray remains underexplored. This study aimed to quantify the variations in medio-lateral (Fx), antero-posterior (Fy), and vertical (Fz) force vectors generated during gait in response to different orthotic elements positioned under the first ray. A quasi-experimental, post-test design was conducted involving 22 participants (10 men and 12 women) diagnosed with flexible metatarsus primus elevatus. Each participant was evaluated using custom-made insoles incorporating various orthotic elements, while gait data were collected using a dynamometric platform during the mid-stance and propulsion phases. Significant gait-phase-dependent force alterations were observed. A cut-out (E) reduced medio-lateral forces during propulsion (p < 0.05), while a kinetic wedge (F) was correlated with late-stance stability (r = −0.526). The foot posture index (FPI)/body mass index (BMI) mediated the vertical forces. The effect sizes reached 0.45–0.42 for antero-posterior force modulation. Phase-targeted orthoses (a cut-out for propulsion, a kinetic wedge for late stance) and patient factors (FPI/BMI) appear to promote biomechanical efficacy in metatarsus primus elevatus, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies.
Hallux Limitus: Exploring the Variability in Lower Limb Symmetry and Its Connection to Gait Parameters-A Case-Control Study
(Mdpi, 2025-03-14) Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Ricardo; Losa-Iglesias, ME; López-López, Daniel; Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Bayod-López, J; Podología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; CTS601: Hermes
Hallux limitus pathology is defined as a limitation of the dorsiflexion movement of the first toe without degenerative involvement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which produces pain and generates functional impairment, especially in the propulsive phase of gait. It is very common to find this pathology in adulthood accompanied by other compensations at a biomechanical level as a consequence of blockage of the main pivot in the sagittal plane. The aim was to determine the symmetry index that occurs in dynamics affiliated with other gait parameters in subjects with and without hallux limitus. A total of 70 subjects were part of the sample, and these were separated into two groups, each consisting of 35 subjects, depending on whether they had bilateral hallux limitus or if they were healthy subjects. In this study, a platform was used to assess the load symmetry index and walking phases. The results showed significant differences in the symmetry index for lateral load (p = 0.023), the initial contact phase (p = 0.003), and the flatfoot phase (p < 0.001). The adults who had bilateral hallux limitus exhibited changes in the symmetry index during the lateral load as well as in the initial contact and flatfoot contact phases, demonstrating increased instability when compared to individuals with normal feet.
Exploring the association of hallux limitus with baropodometric gait pattern changes
(Mdpi, 2025-03-19) Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R; Losa-Iglesias, ME; López-López, Daniel; Gómez-Salgado, J; Bayod-López, J; Podología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; CTS601: Hermes
Background: Halluxlimitus(HL)isaconditionmarkedbytherestricteddorsiflex ion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, causing pain and functional limitations, especially during the propulsive phase of walking. This restriction affects the gait, particularly in the f inal phase, and impairs foot stability and support. HL is more common in adults and leads to biomechanical and functional adaptations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the center of pressure between subjects with hallux limitus and those with healthy feet. Methods: A total of 80 participants (40 with bilateral HL and 40 healthy controls) aged 18 to 64 were selected from a biomechanics center at the Universidade da Coruña, Spain. The gait analysis focused on three key phases: initial contact, forefoot contact, and the loading response. Data were collected using a portable baropodometric platform and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.2.0; statistical significance was set at p <0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The gait analysis indicated that the case group exhibited statistically significant differences, showing lower values in the left foot load response during the foot contact time (77.83 ± 40.17) compared to the control group (100.87 ± 29.27) (p = 0. 010) and in the foot contact percentage (p = 0. 013) during the stance phase (10.02 ± 5.68) compared to the control group (13.05 ± 3.60). Conclusions: Bilateral HLcauses subtle gait changes, with individuals showing greater contact time values in the total stance phase versus the control group. Early detection may improve quality of life and prevent complications.
Comparative Effectiveness of Iontophoresis vs. Low Dye Taping in Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-07-03) Castro Méndez, Aurora; Roldán-Fernández, Lucía; Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Pabón Carrasco, Manuel; Álvarez-Cordero, Juan; Vázquez‐Castro, M. A.; Podología; Enfermería; CTS601: Hermes; CTS1050: Cuidados Complejos, Cronicidad y Resultados en Salud
Background Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a frequent cause of heel pain, affecting approximately 10% of the population. Conserva tive treatments such as iontophoresis and low-dye taping (LDT) are widely used to alleviate symptoms, often providing short-term pain relief. Objective This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of iontophoresis (with 5% acetic acid, 0.4% dexamethasone, dexamethasone and lidocaine, or placebo) versus low-dye taping (LDT) in treating plantar fasciitis. Additionally, it evaluates the combined effect of iontophoresis and LDT application. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predefined. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from eligible studies, assessing their quality. Included studies comprised randomized controlled trials, non-randomized clinical trials, case–control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: [blind for review]). Results Eight studies published between 1997 and 2018 were included, providing a moderate level of evidence. Both ion tophoresis (with the specified agents) and low-dye taping, alone or combined, were associated with statistically significant reductions in pain scores compared to baseline. Conclusion Iontophoresis and low-dye taping are effective conservative interventions for plantar fasciitis, with their com bined use also showing beneficial effects. These treatments can be considered viable options to reduce pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Effects of a Training Course for Andalusian Podiatrists on Antibiotic Management in Ingrown Toenail Infections: A Pilot Study
(American Podiatric Medical Association, 2024-04) Córdoba Fernández, Antonio; González Llanos, José; Castro Méndez, Aurora; Podología; CTS601: Hermes; CTS589: Avances en Cirugía Podológica
Background: The use of antibiotics (ABs) for the prevention and management of infections has been widespread for decades and, at this time, AB resistance is a global health crisis. The available evidence highlights the need to reduce the prophylactic and therapeutic use of ABs to avoid associated risks. Methods: A preliminary study with a total sample of 56 Andalusian (Spain) podiatrists was surveyed. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there were changes in prescription habits from a situation before a subsequent training course on AB indications for the management of infections associated with ingrown toenails. An ad hoc questionnaire of 15 items related to therapeutic and prophylactic prescriptions of ABs was developed for this purpose, and the evaluation was carried out before and after the training course. Results: The responses obtained before and after training were compared. The training activity led to improvements in the prescription habits of the participants, producing significant changes in the prescription pattern of the professionals in 10 of the 15 items. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study show that the podiatrists surveyed improved the rational use of systemic AB therapy in ingrown toenails infections.
Evaluation of the Correlation Between Flamenco Dance and Ankle and Foot Posture
(American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA), 2022-02) Castro Méndez, Aurora; Mateos Martínez, Desiderio; Castillo López, José Manuel; Vargas Macías, Alfonso; Podología; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); CTS601: Hermes; CTS1136: Patología y Función del Pie
Background: The practice of flamenco dance involves great biomechanical demands, comparable with a high-performance sport. The technical movements of the footwork tap, the jumps, and the turns increase the prevalence of injuries and pathologic disorders of the foot and lower limb. Limited research has examined adaptation of the foot posture and dorsiflexion of the ankle in flamenco dancing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the practice of flamenco dancing produces modifications in the ankle’s dorsiflexion range of motion, Foot Posture Index, or pronation. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with intentional sampling was performed with 26 individuals (52 feet) in two groups: professional female flamenco dancers (n = 13) and nondancers (n = 13). The participants were assessed in a single session for ankle dorsiflexion, foot pronation (navicular drop test), and foot posture (Foot Posture Index). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups for left foot Foot Posture Index (P = .007) and right foot navicular drop test (P = .006). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that flamenco dancing can produce modifications in the Foot Posture Index and foot pronation versus nondancers. Further research is required.
Effectiveness of the scapula mobilization technique on the neural mechanosensitivity of the upper limb neural test 1 in individuals with mechanical cervicalgia. A randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier Science Bv; Elsevier, 2024-10) Heredia Macías, Carlos; Ramos Ortega, Javier; Serrano Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Díaz Mancha, Juan Antonio; Fernández Seguín, Lourdes María; Cabañes-García, Jaime; Podología; Fisioterapia; CTS1136: Patología y Función del Pie; CTS1043: Salud, Fisioterapia y Actividad Física; CTS1110: Understanding Movement & Self in Health from Science
Objective: to observe whether the mobilization of the scapula improves the mechanosensitivity of the median nerve in patients with cervicalgia. Localized cervical pain caused by compression of a nerve root without pre- senting irradiated features along the nerve path is diagnosed as cervicalgia. Muscles around the scapula can be directly responsible of this compression. Methods: 60 adults diagnosed with cervicalgia and with a positive upper limb neural test 1(ULNT1) were recruited. Participants in the experimental group received a scapula mobilization technique. Participants in the control group, with electrodes on both sides of the neck and connected to turned off analgesic current device, received an abduction adduction mobilization of the calcaneus in the lower limb contralateral to the painful area. The variables measured were pain, goniometry of elbow extension in movement for the median neuro- dynamic test (ULNT1) and hand grip strength. Results: Results showed that the increase in strength (p = 0.01) and elbow extension movement (p = 0.01) and the decrease in pain (p < 0.01) from the intervention group showed significant changes compared to the changes from control group. Conclusion: Scapula mobilization technique in subjects presenting with cervicalgia and a positive ULNT1 significantly appears to help improve the neural mechanosensitivity of the median nerve and pain.
Forensic podiatry in the identification of gait by CCTV. A systematic review
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-27) Castro Méndez, Aurora; Tovaruela Carrión, Natalia; Regife-Fernández, Laura; García-Mora, Sara; Vázquez-Castro, María; Alvarez-Cordero, Juan; Podología; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); CTS601: Hermes
Purpose: Forensic podiatry is the application of the professional knowledge of this specialist in the legal field as an expert. Forensic podiatrists collaborate in the forensic identification of evidence that, from the foot, can help clarify what happened at a crime or crime scene. At the scene of the crime, footprints, shoe prints, and traces are evidence that are present even though they might not be immediately visible. The forensic analysis of a suspect’s gait is evidence sometimes available and has as an important characteristic: it is an individualistic parameter and even a biometric factor. This gait analysis can be very relevant as evidence in the context of a crime. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the reliability of gait forensics with respect to the use of angular measurements compared to observational analysis of morphological characteristics to identify the current gold standard. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature available in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Dialnet has been carried out. Nine observational studies were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. Results: The selected studies were analytical and provided, among other information, numerical data on the reliability, reproducibility, and validity of the analysis methods in question. There is not enough conclusive scientific evidence on the reliability of the method of analysis using angular measure ments, as there is controversy between authors. Conclusion: Forensic gait analysis based on angular measurements shows reliability limitations due to intra-individual factors (mood, clothing), requiring further empirical evidence; in contrast, the observational method analyzing of unique gait characteristics emerges as the most reliable method, offering high accuracy, validity, and reproducibility when conducted by trained biomechanical experts.
Morphofunctional Characteristics of the Foot and Ankle in Competitive Swimmers and Their Association with Muscle Pain
(MDPI, 2025-03-29) Jiménez Braganza, Cristina; Sáez Díaz, Antonia; Munuera Martínez, Pedro Vicente; Podología
The aim of this study was to analyze the joint characteristics of the foot and ankle in competitive swimmers aged 16–18 and 19–24 years and their relationship with the presence of muscle pain during swimming. A total of 74 swimmers were evaluated: 38 ‘junior’ (16–18 years) and 36 ‘senior’ (19–24 years). The following parameters were recorded: ankle dorsiflexion, rearfoot mobility, first metatarsophalangeal dorsiflexion, presence of hallux valgus, foot posture, first ray mobility, arch height, and plantar pressure. Additionally, the frequency and location of muscle pain in the triceps surae were analyzed. A cluster analysis was performed to identify variables that differentiated both groups. Ankle dorsiflexion was limited in both groups, with a greater restriction observed in adults (p < 0.001 with an extended knee; p < 0.014 with a flexed knee). The predominant foot type was the cavus foot. The most common pain was localized in the triceps surae, followed by the plantar musculature, with no significant differences between groups. Swimmers exhibited gastrocnemius shortening, which could limit ankle dorsiflexion and contribute to the onset of muscle pain in the leg and foot. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating lower limb flexibility strategies into the training of competitive swimmers.
Foot pressure in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain (sciatica) caused by lumbar disc herniation: a case-control observational study
(Springer, 2025-04-24) Munuera Martínez, Pedro Vicente; Reina Bueno, María; Vázquez-Bautista, Carmen; Domínguez-Maldonado, Gabriel; Martínez Navas, Ángel María; García Rodríguez, María José; Palomo Toucedo, Inmaculada Concepción; Podología; Cirugía; Universidad de Sevilla
Objective This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in plantar pressures during gait between patients with lumbar disc herniation -induced sciatica and healthy individuals. Methods This observational case–control study included 41 patients with sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation and 30 healthy controls. Plantar pressures were evaluated using the FootScan® platform in 10-foot zones during 3 gait phases, defined as rockers. After walking, body advancement with the supporting foot depends on stance–limb mobility, with the supporting foot acting as a pivot system. In a serial fashion, the heel, ankle, and forefoot serve as rockers that allow the body to advance smoothly. Data were also collected on quality of life, low back pain, lower limb pain, foot pain, foot pain-related disability, foot joint range of motion, and foot posture index. All variables were compared between the two groups. Results Patients with sciatica had a longer contact time and higher mean and peak pressures in all foot zones, except for the first metatarsal and toes. Pressures were higher in the third to fifth metatarsals, especially during push-off. Patients with sciatic arthritis experience not only low back pain, but also lower limb and foot pain, as well as higher foot pain-related disability. There were no significant differences in foot posture or joint ranges, except for decreased subtalar pronation in patients with sciatica. Conclusion Altered plantar pressure distribution in patients with sciatica may be associated with neuromuscular compensation mechanisms.
Effect of interferential current therapy on pain perception and disability level in subjects with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016-03-14) Albornoz Cabello, Manuel; Maya-Martín, Julián; Domínguez-Maldonado, Gabriel; Espejo-Antúnez, Luis; Heredia Rizo, Alberto Marcos; Fisioterapia; Podología; CTS947: Salud y Actividad Física para Calidad de Vida; CTS1136: Patología y Función del Pie; CTS1110: Understanding Movement & Self in Health from Science
Objective: To assess the short-term efficacy of transregional interferential current therapy on pain perception and disability level in chronic non-specific low back pain. Design: A randomized, single-blinded (the assessor collecting the outcome data was blinded), controlled trial. Setting: A private physiotherapy research clinic. Subjects: A total of 64 individuals, 20 men and 44 women, mean (SD) age was 51 years (11.93), with low back pain of more than three months, with or without pain radiating to the lower extremities above the knee, were distributed into a control (n = 20) or an experimental group (n = 44). A 2:1 randomization ratio was used in favour of the latter. Interventions: A transregional interferential current electrotherapy protocol was performed for participants in the experimental group, while the control group underwent a ‘usual care’ treatment (massage, mobilization and soft-tissue techniques). All subjects received up to 10 treatment sessions of 25 minutes over a two-week period, and completed the intervention and follow-up evaluations. Outcome measures: Self-perceived pain was assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary measure included the Oswestry Low Back Disability Index. Evaluations were collected at baseline and after the intervention protocol. Results: Significant between-group differences were found for interferential current therapy on pain perception (p = 0.032) and disability level (p = 0.002). The observed differences in the between-group mean changes were of 11.34 mm (1.77/20.91) and 13.38 points (4.97/21.78), respectively. Conclusions: A two-week transregional interferential current treatment has shown significant short-term efficacy, when compared with a ‘usual care’ protocol, on self-perceived pain and functionality in subjects with chronic low back pain.
Influencia de la laxitud articular en la biomecánica del pie
(Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Podólogos, 2004) Benhamú Benhamú, Salomón; Fernández Seguín, Lourdes María; Guerrero Rodríguez, Antonio; Martínez Camuña, Luis; Gordillo Fernández, Luis María; García de la Peña, Raquel; Podología; Fisioterapia; CTS1009: Podología y Salud; CTS1110: Understanding Movement & Self in Health from Science
En este trabajo desarrollamos la influencia que, desde un punto de vista biomecánico, la laxitud articular ejerce en el pie y que desencadena una semiología muy diversa y característica. Además de explicar las peculiaridades del tipo del tratamiento ortopodológico que se debe aplicar en pies laxos, hacemos un análisis de los factores que condicionan el pronóstico que tendremos que emitir y que dependerá fundamentalmente de la evolución de la propia laxitud. Indicamos asimismo las maniobras clínicas diagnósticas que debemos explorar para detectar de forma sencilla su presencia así como para valorar su progresión.
Fractura de calcáneo: a propósito de un caso
(Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Podólogos, 2004) Guerrero Rodríguez, Antonio; Benhamú Benhamú, Salomón; Martínez Camuña, Luis; Fernández Seguín, Lourdes María; Domínguez-Maldonado, Gabriel; García de la Peña, Raquel; Podología; Fisioterapia; CTS1136: Patología y Función del Pie; CTS1009: Podología y Salud; CTS1110: Understanding Movement & Self in Health from Science
En este trabajo hemos realizado un repaso de los conceptos más relevantes de la fractura de calcáneo y de las secuelas que se presentan con mayor frecuencia, así como una propuesta de tratamiento para un paciente con secuelas importantes. Se elabora tratamiento ortopodológico mediante soportes plantares envolventes para amortiguar e inmovilizar las articulaciones tarsianas afectadas de artrosis secundaria a la fractura. Empleamos además ultrasonidos como tratamiento coadyuvante.
Úlcera plantar en pie con parálisis flácida postraumátic: tratamiento podológico integral
(Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Podólogos, 2006) Guerrero Rodríguez, Antonio; Benhamú Benhamú, Salomón; Martínez Camuña, Luis; García de la Peña, Raquel; López Hurtado, Bernabé; Podología; CTS1009: Podología y Salud
En este trabajo, hemos realizado un resumen tanto del protocolo diagnóstico como del protocolo terapéutico que seguimos en el Área Clínica de Podología (A.C.P) de la universidad de Sevilla ante pacientes con ulceraciones en el pie. Realizaremos una visión integral de las alternativas terapéuticas que el podólogo tiene a su alcance para optimizar los resultados. Para su ilustración, nos basaremos en un caso clínico.

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