Artículos (Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA))

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11307

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Enhancing 3D-printed clay models for heritage restoration through 3D scanning
(MDPI, 2024-11-25) Diz Mellado, Eduardo María; Pérez Fenoy, José; Mudarra Mata, Miguel; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206
Recent development of methodologies based on digital twins through 3D scanning and 3D printing has increased over the past decade, offering new possibilities in manufacturing, production and scaling of models’ applications. However, there are few examples of the application of model digitization technologies for the restoration of ceramic-built heritage by means of 3D modelling. That is why this research focuses on the application of these advanced methodologies to the recovery of architectural ceramic ornamental objects in heritage buildings. Deteriorated ceramic pieces are selected and scanned during field campaigns using 3D scanning technology in early 20th century heritage sites in Seville (Spain). The aim is to create accurate replicas of these damaged objects by 3D printing with clay using non-invasive techniques. The study stands out for its practical approach and its implications for the conservation of built cultural heritage. The results proved effective for replacing lost or damaged elements in a heritage context. Once the investment in the necessary equipment and technologies has been made, the use of clay as a material for 3D printing not only proves feasible but also offers advantages in terms of cost and time savings for repairs compared to traditional restoration techniques. In the present investigation the production time of similar pieces using 3D printing took 6.3–10.9 h while traditional methods take over a week. The application of these technologies represents an advancement in integrating modern methods into cultural heritage conservation, opening new possibilities for the preservation of history and art worldwide.
Caracterización de la cimentación y suelo subyacente de la Giralda de Sevilla, España.
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 1997) Barrios Padura, Ángela; Valverde Espinosa, Ignacio; Polo Velasco, Jorge Luis; Fernández Vélez, Miguel Ángel; Martínez Girón, Ángel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción y Proyectos de Ingeniería; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Este estudio se ha realizado con el objetivo de investigar la naturaleza, tipología y composición de la cimentación de la Giralda, así como las características del terreno subyacente que sirve de apoyo, coincidiendo con la celebración de los 800 años de la terminación de la torre musulmana. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto aspectos tan importantes como la profundidad de la cimentación, en tomo a 5 m desde la actual cota de acerado; la existencia de un pequeño sobreancho en la misma; su composición, a base de sillares de piedra calcarenita; la preparación del terreno de apoyo... Por lo que respecta al suelo, se ha determinado su capacidad portante; los asientos producidos en las diferentes fases de la construcción de la torre y su evolución en el tiempo; el asiento diferencial que justifica la muy ligera inclinación que presenta.
Full-scale assessment of seismic and wind load performance in the design of a flexible solar-shading double-skin façade
(MDPI, 2023-11-25) Pérez Fenoy, José; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Cable-supported façades represent a novel approach in the design and technology of double skin façades (DSFs). This type of system not only offers flexibility in terms of exterior finishes, but also regulates the access of solar radiation, thereby transforming the appearance of the building in response to varying daylight conditions. However, the structural performance of these façades under wind, impact, and seismic loads remains an active area of research. The study is a groundbreaking work that experimentally evaluates the wind and seismic behaviour of these type of façades. The methodology used for the evaluation of flexible masonry facades includes laboratory tests analysing the individual capacity of the connections and materials of the system under standardized and non-standardized procedures. A full-scale experimental sub-assembly specimen of a representative module of the façade is also subjected to uniformly distributed pressures of wind load tests, as well as hard body and soft body impact tests. The setup considered the border conditions, tension loads, and actual materials. Furthermore, the earthquake assessment includes tests of full-scale specimens subjected to these demands. The results show up to 30% enhanced performance relative to similar systems reported in the literature. Furthermore, research findings facilitated the refinement and redesign of the system components, thereby validating the DSF case study.
Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons
(2015) Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Sendra, Juan J.; Suárez, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: Habitae Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
This article aims to provide a critical analysis of the work of the Smithsons, with a focus on its interpretation of architecture from the standpoint of environmental commitment, an aspect that is barely touched upon in the extensive literature analysing their work. The main aim is to reveal the strategies of environmental conditioning and the energy behaviour of their major work both from an architectural and environmental standpoint, as well as that of their own home and experimental laboratory: the Upper Lawn Pavilion. These features make it a building of great heritage value, classified as a Grade II listed building according to the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. Energy models reproducing the case study (in its original construction, occupancy and thermal conditions) have been simulated using DesignBuilder software in order to carry out a quantitative assessment of the house’s environmental conditions, perceptively described by Alison Smithson in her diary. Indoor thermal conditions obtained from the energy simulations were studied, identifying the environmental benefits and deficiencies caused by the strategies applied by the Smithsons to their pavilion. It is concluded that its environmental behaviour is far from the current standards of adaptive comfort.
Effects of future climate change on the preservation of artworks, thermal comfort and energy consumption in historic buildings
(Elsevier, 2020) Muñoz González, Carmen María; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Suárez, Rafael; Ruiz Jaramillo, Jonathan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Climate change will affect the indoor temperature of historic buildings, impacting the preservation of artworks and the thermal comfort of users, and possibly leading to increased energy consumption. These buildings generate more emissions than new buildings and in most European countries, preservation principles take precedence over energy efficiency and the reduction of emissions. This research is a key topic for the mitigation of climate change and proposes a method for assessing the impact of climate change on the preservation of artworks, thermal comfort, and energy consumption. An experimental method was followed, combining analytical formulations, on-site measurements, and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems in order to identify the adequate hygrothermal parameters for historic buildings. The climate change scenario predicted for 2050 was based on projected temperature variation. The case studies were Baroque churches, historic buildings located in the south of Europe. Data obtained from a monitoring campaign carried out in these churches was used to validate dynamic simulation models. The churches analysed showed an increase in cooling demand and a decrease in heating demand. Furthermore, in order to ensure human comfort and the preservation of artworks, it was necessary to implement active systems in operation for 12-hour periods. These results suggest an energy overconsumption, as the energy consumption for human comfort and artwork preservation was 50% higher than the energy consumption of active systems for the preservation of valuable historic objects. In addition, the annual energy consumption decreases for future scenarios for 2050 in the case of artwork preservation and thermal comfort, but increases by almost 15% for the preservation of works of art due to higher level relative humidity. Before historic buildings can be adapted, it is essential to understand the influence of the future climate on their design, construction, and environmental conditions
Acoustic behaviour of polychoirs in the Baroque church of Santa María Magdalena, Seville
(Elsevier, 2021) Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; León Rodríguez, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
In addition to its other virtues, Baroque music was a means of expression and representation of the spirit of the Counter-Reformation, introducing an aesthetic which revealed theatricality, drama and splendour. The polyphonic style of the Renaissance gave way to a polychoral style, with the presence of several choirs or instruments placed in different locations within the church (cori spezzati). The aim of this study is to recreate the use of polychoirs, using simulation techniques in the Baroque Church of Santa María Magdalena, Seville, after testing the acoustic model in CATT-Acoustic software. The research shows that only the execution in unison of the upper choir and organ sound sources positions provides an equivalent sensation of musical and oral clarity and a better subjective reverberation than the other combinations. However, the use of different combination of sound sources positions worsens the overall sound sensation compared to the sound/music emitted from the position of organ alone
Dome sound effect in the church of San Luis de los Franceses
(Elsevier, 2019) Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Martellotta, Francesco; Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
The church of San Luis de los Franceses in Seville (Spain), built in the 18th century, is one of the most impressive examples of the Spanish Baroque architecture by the architect Leonardo de Figueroa. Its most characteristic features are its great dome and Greek cross plan, while most of the other churches built by de Figueroa and other contemporaries in the city of Seville were based on a rectangular plan, possibly influenced by the guidelines set by the Company of Jesus. The role of the source position on the perception of sound has been investigated, showing that significant variations appeared in reverberation time and other acoustic parameters. After its desacralization the church is now used as a multipurpose site, hosting different types of performances mostly revolving around speech and music. The events where the sound source is located under the dome, with the audience located around it, are especially important. The behaviour of this source position was analysed in greater detail, due to the inherently complex acoustics of this type of surface, and the impulse responses were analysed using the Bayesian parameter estimation. Double slopes were found in the energy time decays for the receivers under the dome, confirming the complexity of the sound field in this space
Multi-criteria assessment of urban thermal hotspots: a GIS-based remote sensing approach in a Mediterranean climate city
(MDPI, 2025-01-10) Sola Caraballo, Javier de; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
One of the most significant urban challenges focuses on addressing the effects of urban overheating as a consequence of climate change. Several methods have been developed to characterize urban heat islands (UHIs); however, the most widely used involve complex planning, huge time consumption, and substantial human and technical resources on field monitoring campaigns. Therefore, this study aims to provide an easily accessible and affordable remote sensing method for locating urban hotspots and addresses a multi-criteria assessment of urban heat-related parameters, allowing for a comprehensive city-wide evaluation. The novelty is based on leveraging the potential of the last Landsat 9 satellite, the application of kernel spatial interpolation, and GIS open access data, providing very high-resolution land surface temperature images over urban spaces. Within GIS workflow, the city is divided into LCZs, thermal hotspots are detected, and finally, it is analyzed to understand how urban factors, such as urban boundaries, building density, and vegetation, affect urban scale LST, all using graphical and analytical cross-assessment. The methodology has been tested in Seville, a representative warm Mediterranean city, where variations of up to 10 °C have been found between homogeneous residential areas. Thermal hotspots have been located, representing 11% of the total residential fabric, while results indicate a clear connection between the urban factors studied and overheating. The conclusions support the possibility of generating a powerful affordable tool for future research and the design of public policy renewal actions in vulnerable areas.
CARES Framework: a circularity assessment method for residential building structures
(MDPI, 2025-01-08) Vásquez Cabrera, Alicia Isolina; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Llatas, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (Datus-Lab)
The construction industry contributes to global waste through its “take-make-dispose” model. In response, the European Commission has developed Action Plans to promote a Circular Economy (CE). However, there is currently no standardised Circularity Indicator (CI). The main barrier thereof is the lack of consensus on assessment criteria, stemming from the dispersity of advancements among the methodologies available. The CARES Framework (CARES-F) has been designed to address this issue by integrating ISO standards, Level(s), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) criteria into the traditional MCI framework. This innovative framework also introduces further variables from the CE perspective, such as transport impact, biomaterials, and quantitative Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Design for Disassembly (DfD) and Design for Adaptability (DfA). The validation is carried out on a typical Spanish residential building structure by applying the CARES-F and two micro-CIs based on the MCI. The results exhibit the low circularity of resource-intensive systems and highlight the need for secondary raw material in flow, as well as DfA criteria. These findings underscore the significance of the introduced quantitative KPIs in the CIs accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of the CARES-F in the identification of circularity gaps and selection of optimal circular design strategies from early project stages.
Addressing the difficulties and opportunities to bridge the integration gaps of bio-based insulation materials in the European construction sector: a systematic literature review
(MDPI, 2024-10-09) Zerari, Salima; Franchino, Rossella; Pisacane, Nicola; Llatas, Carmen; Soust-Verdaguer, Bernardette; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (DATUS-Lab)
Bio-based insulation materials (BbIMs) represent a potential alternative to conventional insulations, with their characteristics that favor a negative-carbon built environment. However, their use may face challenges that could prevent them from being used on a large scale in certain countries. The current study aims to provide focused insights into the practical difficulties and market opportunities for the application of BbIMs in Europe through a systematic literature review (SLR). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used as the basis for the conduct and reporting of this review. A keyword search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases to select peer-reviewed English-language articles. HubMeta web tool was used to organize the selection process. The quantitative visualization of the literature was made by the Bibliometrix R package V4.1.4. Data were manually extracted and clustered in an Excel sheet. The review included 28 studies that have revealed interrelated insights. Difficulties range from regulatory and policy limitations and variability in performance, such as microbial growth and inconsistency in the behavior of materials under different conditions, to cost barriers. However, there are promising opportunities, including policy incentives and material performance benefits such as improved energy efficiency and indoor air quality. This research contributes to the literature by providing focused insights into the practical difficulties and market opportunities for the application of BbIMs in Europe. Research gaps and future perspectives point to the need for more field validation experiments, exploration of alternative production processes, and expanding life cycle assessment scopes to optimize their integration and performance. Stakeholder perceptions were conducted with a small sample in some countries, so insights from stakeholders are needed to confirm or correct current findings.
Supporting sustainability assessment of building element materials using a BIM-plug-in for multi-criteria decision-making
(ELSEVIER, 2024-11-15) Soust-Verdaguer, Bernardette; Gutiérrez Moreno, José Antonio; Cagigas Muñiz, Daniel; Hoxha, Endrit; Llatas, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (DatUS-Lab)
The environmental crisis requires the immediate implementation of accurate and robust sustainable solutions throughout the building life cycle. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is a scientifically recognised method that integrates the triple dimensions of the life cycle approach, and thereby enabling the evaluation of the performance of mitigation strategies implemented in building projects. However, implementing the LCSA in buildings is limited by the weighting of environmental, economic, and social dimensions to select the best option regarding the numerous materials available. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the paper aims to present the developed Smart BIM3LCA tool, which supports multi-dimensional assessment during the project's early design steps. Automatic integration of the LCSA, a multi-criteria decision-making tool such as TOPSIS, and building information modelling (BIM), was developed to support the selection of building materials. The BIM plug-in was then validated through its application to a multi-family residential building to select the most sustainable materials during the project's early design stage.
Acoustics in Baroque Catholic church spaces
(MDPI, 2024-10-30) Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; León Rodríguez, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: Habitae Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
After the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the Catholic Church undertook a profound renovation, which affected the spatial configuration of the churches to adjust to the spirit of the Counter-Reformation. The acoustic cultural heritage in these spaces have been studied by different researchers, proposing the joint analysis of 66 Catholic churches from the Baroque period. This study delves into the global characterisation of the sample and establishes correlations between geometric and acoustic parameters. From the acoustic analysis, it is clear that the central floor typology, as opposed to Latin cross churches, presents better average values of musical clarity in relation to their volume. The analysis of the relationship between acoustic and geometric parameters, when the sample of churches is discriminated by typology, allows for the establishment of appropriate correlations for Latin cross floor plans, single naves and basilicas, but not when the analysis is carried out for the entire sample. These correlations are a tool that allows us to evaluate acoustic parameters not measured in situ in Catholic churches of the Baroque period in a predictive way as a function of other measured acoustic or geometric parameters.
Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation
(Institute of Physics (IOP Publishing), 2024-11-01) Romanelli, F.; Ayllón Guerola, Juan Manuel; Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín; García López, Javier; García Muñoz, Manuel; Hidalgo Salaverri, J.; Rueda Rueda, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); European Union (UE); Universidad de Sevilla. FQM402: Ciencias y Tecnologías del Plasma y el Espacio; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Aquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
An overview is presented of the progress since 2021 in the construction and scientific programme preparation of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility. Licensing for building construction has been granted at the end of 2021. Licensing for Cat. A radiologic source has been also granted in 2022. The construction of the toroidal field magnet system is progressing. The prototype of the 170 GHz gyrotron has been produced and it is now under test on the FALCON facility. The design of the vacuum vessel, the poloidal field coils and the civil infrastructures has been completed. The shape of the first DTT divertor has been agreed with EUROfusion to test different plasma and exhaust scenarios: single null, double null, X-divertor and negative triangularity plasmas. A detailed research plan is being elaborated with the involvement of the EUROfusion laboratories.
Designing intensive care unit windows in a Mediterranean climate: efficiency, daylighting, and circadian response
(MDPI, 2024-10-26) Campano, Miguel Ángel; García Martín, Guillermo; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Bustamante, Pedro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
Hospital intensive care units (ICUs) frequently experience inadequate lighting conditions, with low daytime and excessive nighttime illuminance, which can negatively affect patient recovery and the work performance of health personnel. This study examines the impact of window design parameters—specifically, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and window position—and interior surface reflectance on visual comfort, lighting performance, energy consumption, and human well-being in intensive care units (ICUs) in Mediterranean climates, according to orientation. Using dynamic lighting metrics, such as daylight autonomy (DA) and circadian stimulus autonomy (CSA), this research quantifies the influence of these design factors. The results suggest that a WWR of 25% is optimal for achieving sufficient DA and CSA values, with centered window configurations preferred for uniform daylight distribution and circadian stimulus. This study further emphasizes the significance of interior reflectance, recommending bright coatings to maximize outcomes, while advising against dark finishes, particularly in north-facing rooms or with smaller WWRs. Although Seville shows slightly better performance than Barcelona, the proposed configurations are effective across both locations, highlighting the prioritization of window sizing, positioning, and reflectance over Mediterranean geographical differences. These findings offer practical guidance for ICU design to enhance natural lighting, supporting patient recovery and overall well-being through improved circadian alignment.
Métodos de trabajo y resultados de refuerzos en madera de un forjado del siglo XVII de la Sacristía de San Miguel en Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla)
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2017) Ariza López, Iñigo; Guerrero Vega, José María; Pinto Puerto, Francisco Sebastián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
Durante el pasado siglo se pusieron en práctica numerosas soluciones de refuerzo de antiguos forjados de madera mediante losas que pretendían suplir las carencias de funcionamiento por causas reológicas o por deterioro de algunas de sus piezas. Algunas de estas soluciones, sin embargo, supusieron una sobrecarga innecesaria que agravó las patologías previas con el paso del tiempo, hasta el punto de requerir su apuntalamiento. Éste es el caso de uno de los forjados de la sacristía de la parroquia de San Miguel de Morón, un edificio levantado en el transcurso del siglo XVII anexo al templo. Los pisos de sus dos plantas estaban solucionados mediante forjados de vigas de madera y bovedillas de yeso. Como parte de los trabajos de restauración realizados en 2013, se desmontó un refuerzo previo realizado en 1970 mediante losa de hormigón, para ejecutar posteriormente un novedoso tipo de refuerzo con madera laminada, pretensando la unión entre las piezas nuevas y viejas, lo que ha permitido reducir de forma notable las flechas, mantener todos sus elementos principales y obtener un comportamiento más eficiente. La presente aportación expone las condiciones previas a la intervención, el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos durante esta restauración valorando los cálculos y previsiones realizadas.
Numerical and experimental validation of the solar radiation transfer for an egg-crate shading device under Mediterranean climate conditions
(Pergamon-Elsevier, 2019) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Suárez, Rafael; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Future global warming scenarios will have a significant influence on existing building, especially in those most vulnerable due to major percentages of glazed area. Increasing temperatures will result in an increase in energy consumption due to cooling, especially in the Mediterranean climate with high solar radiation levels. Sun protection systems may be one of the first strategies employed to resolve this issue. Among these, bidirectional shading devices display an excellent behavior although its numerical simulation is very difficult. This research aims to develop an open source numerical method to calculate the short wave solar transmittance in an egg-crate shading device for use in the rehabilitation of tertiary buildings in Mediterranean climate. For this purpose a dynamic three-dimensional hybrid model has been developed combining raytracing and radiosity methods. The numerical method has been validated with monitoring data in southern Spain. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of the model and the suitability of this type of shading devices in reducing the solar gains in summer with reduced blocking of solar radiation in winter.
Renovating building groups in the Mediterranean climate: cost-effectiveness of renewable-based heating alternatives in the Italian context
(MDPI, 2022-09-27) Blázquez de Pineda, María Teresa; Dalla Mora, Tiziano; Ferrari, Simone; Romagnoni, Piercarlo; Teso, Lorenzo; Zagarella, Federica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
District level approaches for the renovation of the building stock boost the implementation of energy efficiency measures (EEMs), taking advantage of the economies of scale. International Energy Agency Annex 75 aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of renovation strategies at the district level, combining EEMs and renewable energy sources. For this goal, a building energy model is simulated with the Energy Plus dynamic calculation engine for assessing the generic district of the Italian case study, representing the residential stock from 1960 to 1980, placed in two prevailing space-heating dominated climates; then, a cost-effectiveness evaluation of each scenario is conducted to support stakeholders’ decision making. In particular, envelope insulation is cost-effective only in northern zones, while new decentralized thermal systems are not convenient in any case with current envelopes. Once the envelopes are insulated, decentralized low-temperature air-to-water heat pumps with PV can cover all of the buildings’ energy needs, even implying a small increase in annual costs. The switch to district net scenarios is cost-effective only if coupled with PV. A rise in energy prices brings PV-based strategies under a 10-year PBT, except for solar thermal DH in northern areas, as well as non-PV-based options such as low-temperature HPs or biomass-fuelled DH in warmer and colder zones, respectively.
Objective and subjective indoor air quality and thermal comfort indices: characterization of Mediterranean climate archetypal schools after the COVID‐19 pandemic
(Wiley, 2024-10-26) Llanos Jiménez, Jesús; Suárez, Rafael; Alonso Carrillo, Alicia; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted renewed interest in indoor air quality (IAQ). Poor ventilation habits, energy obsolescence, and the lack of cooling equipment in schools, combined with increasing temperatures due to climate change, are leading to situations of thermal stress in classrooms. Changes in school operation, following the COVID pandemic, have made it necessary to establish an accurate understanding of the current situation. This research work presents an assessment of winter and summer IAQ and thermal comfort (TC) for a sample of 7 archetypal secondary schools in 5 Mediterranean climate variants in southern Spain in a postpandemic situation. IAQ was assessed through CO2, PM2.5, PM10, and CH2O, while static and adaptive models were used in the case of TC. Surveys were also used to assess both of these. The main novelty is the use of IAPI (indoor air pollution index) and IDI (indoor dissatisfaction index) objective global dimensionless indices to optimize the joint assessment of both variables. Poor objective IAQ results, especially for CO2 and PM2.5, were obtained for both seasons and all climate variants. Global IAPI is between 6.2 and 8.1, with an index of 10 considered unacceptable, while time percentages exceeding established limits are more variable in winter, ranging from 7% to 31.9%, than in summer, ranging from 14.3% to 20.9%. TC objective results varied, and the summer percentage of hours outside the comfort bands reached 40%–47% due to excess heat in the hottest regions. This discomfort was reported by 58.3% of users.
Experimental validation of a dynamic numeric model to simulate the thermal behavior of a facade
(Pergamon Elsevier, 2022) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; Suárez, Rafael; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
The process of analysis and design of energy saving measures aimed to reduce building energy consumption, both in the design of new constructions and in the refurbishment of existing ones, has led to the need to solve increasingly complex problems with the consequent demand to develop complex models and new calculation tools, which often entails the coupling of different models each one of them to solve a specific task and always under the requirement of obtaining accurate and reliable results. This article presents a modular dynamic model based on a finite difference scheme with matching conditions between wall layers to record the different thermophysical properties of layer materials and accurately compute the heat flux through the building envelope. The aim of this model is to simulate the energy behavior of building envelopes and to allow the connection, via a co-simulation procedure, with other codes based in models for addressing complex issues usually not included in standard Building Energy Simulation (BES) tools. For that, the simulation model was designed with a modular structure in order to facilitate its connection, when required, to other codes written in C++. The thermal model has been validated experimentally, using data from two full-scale outdoor test cells with different façade constructive solutions for different ventilation and blind opening regimes. An additional code-to-code comparison was also performed between the developed model and the Energy-Plus software to complement the results of the experimental validation. The results obtained in the validation process show the ability of the proposed numerical model to simulate the energy performance of the envelope and of the test cell globally in a wide variety of situations, predicting internal air temperature and envelope internal surfaces temperatures which meet the requirements usually established for the validation of building energy simulation tools. The numerical formulation of the introduced model and its characteristics that combine flexibility, modularity and accuracy for the calculation of the thermal behavior of a façade and is able of an easy connection to external codes written in C++ to solve more complex problems, allow to consider the present work as innovative and novelty on the literature.
Towards finding the optimal location of a ventilation inlet in a roof monitor skylight, using visual and thermal performance criteria, for dwellings in a Mediterranean climate
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Campano, Miguel Ángel; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Fernández-Agüera, Jessica; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); TEP130
The main aim of this work is to study the influence of a roof monitor skylight on comfort criteria. The roof monitor skylight simultaneously provides lighting and outdoor ventilation air for a living room or a master bedroom in a house with an underfloor heating/cooling system. The air is introduced into the room through an air inlet in the carpentry of the opening in the roof monitor skylight and located – for the purposes of this study – in different positions in the carpentry. To evaluate the comfort variations caused by this change of position, a series of lighting and thermal numerical indicators are applied to a set of simulation models, generating a complete analysis to determine optimal positions for the air inlet. These models are designed for the context of a Mediterranean climate, with extreme calculation conditions (overcast sky in winter and clear sky in summer). The simulation tools Daylight Visualizer 2.5 and Design Builder 2.42 have been selected to generate the models. This work concludes that the optimal position for the air inlet is in the side of the carpentry of the roof monitor skylight opening, ensuring the maximization of both lighting and thermal comfort conditions.

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