Artículos (Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA))
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Artículo Designing intensive care unit windows in a Mediterranean climate: efficiency, daylighting, and circadian response(MDPI, 2024-10-26) Campano, Miguel Ángel; García Martín, Guillermo; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Bustamante, Pedro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaHospital intensive care units (ICUs) frequently experience inadequate lighting conditions, with low daytime and excessive nighttime illuminance, which can negatively affect patient recovery and the work performance of health personnel. This study examines the impact of window design parameters—specifically, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and window position—and interior surface reflectance on visual comfort, lighting performance, energy consumption, and human well-being in intensive care units (ICUs) in Mediterranean climates, according to orientation. Using dynamic lighting metrics, such as daylight autonomy (DA) and circadian stimulus autonomy (CSA), this research quantifies the influence of these design factors. The results suggest that a WWR of 25% is optimal for achieving sufficient DA and CSA values, with centered window configurations preferred for uniform daylight distribution and circadian stimulus. This study further emphasizes the significance of interior reflectance, recommending bright coatings to maximize outcomes, while advising against dark finishes, particularly in north-facing rooms or with smaller WWRs. Although Seville shows slightly better performance than Barcelona, the proposed configurations are effective across both locations, highlighting the prioritization of window sizing, positioning, and reflectance over Mediterranean geographical differences. These findings offer practical guidance for ICU design to enhance natural lighting, supporting patient recovery and overall well-being through improved circadian alignment.Artículo Métodos de trabajo y resultados de refuerzos en madera de un forjado del siglo XVII de la Sacristía de San Miguel en Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla)(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 2017) Ariza López, Iñigo; Guerrero Vega, José María; Pinto Puerto, Francisco Sebastián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento PatrimonialDurante el pasado siglo se pusieron en práctica numerosas soluciones de refuerzo de antiguos forjados de madera mediante losas que pretendían suplir las carencias de funcionamiento por causas reológicas o por deterioro de algunas de sus piezas. Algunas de estas soluciones, sin embargo, supusieron una sobrecarga innecesaria que agravó las patologías previas con el paso del tiempo, hasta el punto de requerir su apuntalamiento. Éste es el caso de uno de los forjados de la sacristía de la parroquia de San Miguel de Morón, un edificio levantado en el transcurso del siglo XVII anexo al templo. Los pisos de sus dos plantas estaban solucionados mediante forjados de vigas de madera y bovedillas de yeso. Como parte de los trabajos de restauración realizados en 2013, se desmontó un refuerzo previo realizado en 1970 mediante losa de hormigón, para ejecutar posteriormente un novedoso tipo de refuerzo con madera laminada, pretensando la unión entre las piezas nuevas y viejas, lo que ha permitido reducir de forma notable las flechas, mantener todos sus elementos principales y obtener un comportamiento más eficiente. La presente aportación expone las condiciones previas a la intervención, el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos durante esta restauración valorando los cálculos y previsiones realizadas.Artículo Numerical and experimental validation of the solar radiation transfer for an egg-crate shading device under Mediterranean climate conditions(Pergamon-Elsevier, 2019) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Suárez, Rafael; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)Future global warming scenarios will have a significant influence on existing building, especially in those most vulnerable due to major percentages of glazed area. Increasing temperatures will result in an increase in energy consumption due to cooling, especially in the Mediterranean climate with high solar radiation levels. Sun protection systems may be one of the first strategies employed to resolve this issue. Among these, bidirectional shading devices display an excellent behavior although its numerical simulation is very difficult. This research aims to develop an open source numerical method to calculate the short wave solar transmittance in an egg-crate shading device for use in the rehabilitation of tertiary buildings in Mediterranean climate. For this purpose a dynamic three-dimensional hybrid model has been developed combining raytracing and radiosity methods. The numerical method has been validated with monitoring data in southern Spain. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of the model and the suitability of this type of shading devices in reducing the solar gains in summer with reduced blocking of solar radiation in winter.Artículo Renovating building groups in the Mediterranean climate: cost-effectiveness of renewable-based heating alternatives in the Italian context(MDPI, 2022-09-27) Blázquez de Pineda, María Teresa; Dalla Mora, Tiziano; Ferrari, Simone; Romagnoni, Piercarlo; Teso, Lorenzo; Zagarella, Federica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaDistrict level approaches for the renovation of the building stock boost the implementation of energy efficiency measures (EEMs), taking advantage of the economies of scale. International Energy Agency Annex 75 aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of renovation strategies at the district level, combining EEMs and renewable energy sources. For this goal, a building energy model is simulated with the Energy Plus dynamic calculation engine for assessing the generic district of the Italian case study, representing the residential stock from 1960 to 1980, placed in two prevailing space-heating dominated climates; then, a cost-effectiveness evaluation of each scenario is conducted to support stakeholders’ decision making. In particular, envelope insulation is cost-effective only in northern zones, while new decentralized thermal systems are not convenient in any case with current envelopes. Once the envelopes are insulated, decentralized low-temperature air-to-water heat pumps with PV can cover all of the buildings’ energy needs, even implying a small increase in annual costs. The switch to district net scenarios is cost-effective only if coupled with PV. A rise in energy prices brings PV-based strategies under a 10-year PBT, except for solar thermal DH in northern areas, as well as non-PV-based options such as low-temperature HPs or biomass-fuelled DH in warmer and colder zones, respectively.Artículo Objective and subjective indoor air quality and thermal comfort indices: characterization of Mediterranean climate archetypal schools after the COVID‐19 pandemic(Wiley, 2024-10-26) Llanos Jiménez, Jesús; Suárez, Rafael; Alonso Carrillo, Alicia; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe COVID-19 pandemic has prompted renewed interest in indoor air quality (IAQ). Poor ventilation habits, energy obsolescence, and the lack of cooling equipment in schools, combined with increasing temperatures due to climate change, are leading to situations of thermal stress in classrooms. Changes in school operation, following the COVID pandemic, have made it necessary to establish an accurate understanding of the current situation. This research work presents an assessment of winter and summer IAQ and thermal comfort (TC) for a sample of 7 archetypal secondary schools in 5 Mediterranean climate variants in southern Spain in a postpandemic situation. IAQ was assessed through CO2, PM2.5, PM10, and CH2O, while static and adaptive models were used in the case of TC. Surveys were also used to assess both of these. The main novelty is the use of IAPI (indoor air pollution index) and IDI (indoor dissatisfaction index) objective global dimensionless indices to optimize the joint assessment of both variables. Poor objective IAQ results, especially for CO2 and PM2.5, were obtained for both seasons and all climate variants. Global IAPI is between 6.2 and 8.1, with an index of 10 considered unacceptable, while time percentages exceeding established limits are more variable in winter, ranging from 7% to 31.9%, than in summer, ranging from 14.3% to 20.9%. TC objective results varied, and the summer percentage of hours outside the comfort bands reached 40%–47% due to excess heat in the hottest regions. This discomfort was reported by 58.3% of users.Artículo Experimental validation of a dynamic numeric model to simulate the thermal behavior of a facade(Pergamon Elsevier, 2022) Domínguez Torres, Carlos Antonio; Suárez, Rafael; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Domínguez Delgado, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del TerrenoThe process of analysis and design of energy saving measures aimed to reduce building energy consumption, both in the design of new constructions and in the refurbishment of existing ones, has led to the need to solve increasingly complex problems with the consequent demand to develop complex models and new calculation tools, which often entails the coupling of different models each one of them to solve a specific task and always under the requirement of obtaining accurate and reliable results. This article presents a modular dynamic model based on a finite difference scheme with matching conditions between wall layers to record the different thermophysical properties of layer materials and accurately compute the heat flux through the building envelope. The aim of this model is to simulate the energy behavior of building envelopes and to allow the connection, via a co-simulation procedure, with other codes based in models for addressing complex issues usually not included in standard Building Energy Simulation (BES) tools. For that, the simulation model was designed with a modular structure in order to facilitate its connection, when required, to other codes written in C++. The thermal model has been validated experimentally, using data from two full-scale outdoor test cells with different façade constructive solutions for different ventilation and blind opening regimes. An additional code-to-code comparison was also performed between the developed model and the Energy-Plus software to complement the results of the experimental validation. The results obtained in the validation process show the ability of the proposed numerical model to simulate the energy performance of the envelope and of the test cell globally in a wide variety of situations, predicting internal air temperature and envelope internal surfaces temperatures which meet the requirements usually established for the validation of building energy simulation tools. The numerical formulation of the introduced model and its characteristics that combine flexibility, modularity and accuracy for the calculation of the thermal behavior of a façade and is able of an easy connection to external codes written in C++ to solve more complex problems, allow to consider the present work as innovative and novelty on the literature.Artículo Towards finding the optimal location of a ventilation inlet in a roof monitor skylight, using visual and thermal performance criteria, for dwellings in a Mediterranean climate(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Campano, Miguel Ángel; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Fernández-Agüera, Jessica; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); TEP130The main aim of this work is to study the influence of a roof monitor skylight on comfort criteria. The roof monitor skylight simultaneously provides lighting and outdoor ventilation air for a living room or a master bedroom in a house with an underfloor heating/cooling system. The air is introduced into the room through an air inlet in the carpentry of the opening in the roof monitor skylight and located – for the purposes of this study – in different positions in the carpentry. To evaluate the comfort variations caused by this change of position, a series of lighting and thermal numerical indicators are applied to a set of simulation models, generating a complete analysis to determine optimal positions for the air inlet. These models are designed for the context of a Mediterranean climate, with extreme calculation conditions (overcast sky in winter and clear sky in summer). The simulation tools Daylight Visualizer 2.5 and Design Builder 2.42 have been selected to generate the models. This work concludes that the optimal position for the air inlet is in the side of the carpentry of the roof monitor skylight opening, ensuring the maximization of both lighting and thermal comfort conditions.Artículo Polypropylene as an absorbent layer for acoustic ceilings: Sound absorption and life cycle assessment(Elsevier, 2024-11-01) Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Sánchez Burgos, Marco Antonio; Nieves Pavón, Francisco José; Flores-Colen, Inês; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Portugal; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP205: Análisis y Evaluación de Sistemas Constructivos y Estructurales en la ArquitecturaThe substantial volume of polypropylene fabric waste generated because of its use in protective elements in hospital environments calls for the exploration of environmentally friendly solutions. This study characterises the acoustic absorption coefficient of surgical mask waste (polypropylene) to be used as absorbent layers in acoustic ceilings. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out. Although values of absorption coefficients for polypropylene have been published, none include life cycle studies. This research is in keeping with the principles of circular economy, contributing to waste reduction while also exploring innovative applications for recycled materials. The starting point of this study is the replacement of the most common material layer on the market, mineral wool, with a polypropylene layer that has the same or better acoustic performance based on single number absorption indexes and ratings following international standards for the calculation of sound absorption coefficients and life cycles. Various waste processing methods and different densities and thicknesses have been evaluated. The results show that recycled polypropylene material exhibits suitable behaviour as an acoustic absorbent layer, particularly in acoustic ceilings. The LCA considered transport, shredding, washing, disinfection, and drying and confirms the eco-efficiency of this absorbent layer.Artículo Lighting design in courtyards: Predictive method of daylight factors under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2014) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); TEP130The main aim of this article is to offer a quick and precise predictive method for calculating the daylight factor for different points on the floor of square courtyards under overcast sky conditions. First, the calculation of the predictive method of the sky component is established based on earlier studies and Tregenza algorithms. Subsequently a simulation of the daylight factors on the floor of a courtyard of variable size and reflectance is carried out using two lighting computer programs based on different calculation algorithms. Once the daylight factors are calculated, the reflected component, produced by the reflectance of light on the interior surfaces of the venue, is quantified. Finally, a predictive method of the internally reflected component is established, based on the theory of the integrating sphere. Predictive methods of sky and reflected components are used to determine daylight factors in a courtyard.Artículo Advanced multichannel lighting control systems in heritage environments: case study of the Cathedral of Seville(MDPI, 2024-09-12) Aguilar, Honorio; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Mohamed, Sara; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe appropriate preservation and color rendering of paintings and art pieces are a pending subject in architectural heritage, since, in most of the cases, lighting systems are not really focused on the conservation and suitable perception of these heritage resources, due to the limitations of standard LED lamps and lighting configurations. In this context, a multichannel luminaire system is proposed in the case study of the Cathedral of Seville, providing a variable and rich spectral distribution, which allows an excellent color perception linked to the daylight conditions, while the short-wavelength light is minimized in order to reduce photodegradation. Two scenarios are addressed: Museum of the Cathedral and Evangelist Chapel. The multichannel luminaire system is tested by means of subjective surveys and objective procedures (Farnswoth-Munsell and Natural Color System tests). The results show that the proposed spectral distribution of the multichannel system provides a better color discrimination in comparison with typical lighting systems, as well as a better preservation, defining a suitable lighting technology for architectural heritage. The novelty of this study lies in the multi-parameter approach, taking care of color rendering while photodegradation is minimized.Artículo Daylighting design with lightscoop skylights: Towards an optimization of shape under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2013-05) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe main aim of this article is to determine a suitable shape for lightscoop skylights, whose main characteristic is a vertical opening oriented in the opposite direction to the solar trajectory, in order to ensure maximum illuminance on the work plane within a room. This type of skylight has a reflector, which is usually rectangular, curved or sawtooth shape, behind the vertical opening. Lightscape 3.2 software was used to carry out the simulations of different rooms with three different shapes of skylight. After trials, it was finally concluded that for this type of skylight, considering a height/width ratio of 4/3, the curved shape produces an increase of average daylight factors close to 3.5% compared with the rectangular shape, while the sawtooth shape produces a decrease of average daylight factors close to 3.5% in a room under overcast sky conditions.Artículo Daylighting design for healthy environments: Analysis of educational spaces for optimal circadian stimulus(Elsevier, 2019-11-15) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Leslie, Russell; Radetsky, Leora; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Gobierno de España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe human biological clock, also known as circadian rhythm, is mainly synchronized by the light perceived, specifically short-wavelength. Insufficient access to daylight or equivalent electric lighting can compromise human health and well-being. The effect of light on the circadian rhythm is greater in children and adolescents than in adults, making lighting design for classrooms important for good circadian entrainment for students. This research shows the results of circadian stimulus autonomy, that is to say, the percentage of days during the year when circadian stimulus is above a minimum threshold in typical classroom designs. Circadian stimulus, promoted by either natural or electric lighting, is quantified. The venue studied has a window of variable size, position and orientation, as well as different reflectance values of the inner surfaces for a classroom under three typical sky conditions. As deduced from the results, the reflectance of the environment has a noticeable effect on circadian entrainment, as well as on the spectral distribution of the light source. The results also serve to compare the impact of architectural design parameters on promoting good circadian rhythm for students.Artículo Towards an analysis of the performance of lightwell skylights under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2013-09) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe main aim of this article is to analyze the performance of lightwell skylights under overcast sky conditions, determining the daylight factors and luminous distribution produced inside a room. Four different studies are carried out considering a room with a lightwell skylight. The first analyzes the daylight factors according to the size and height/width ratio of the skylight, the second evaluates illuminance depending on the reflection index of the lightwell, the third studies different room proportions and the fourth establishes suitable spacing between skylights. All tests were carried out using Lightscape 3.2 software. Following the trials, it was concluded that daylight factors are almost directly proportional to the size of the skylights and inversely proportional to their height. There is also an approximate quantification of the influence of the reflection index of the lightwell on interior lighting. Finally, it is confirmed that, in the absence of a reflected component, the suitable spacing between openings is proportional to the height/width ratio of the skylight.Artículo Impact of daylight saving time on lighting energy consumption and on the biological clock for occupants in office buildings(Elsevier, 2020-11-15) Bellia, Laura; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Fragliasso, Francesca; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Gobierno de España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaNowadays, there is an in-depth debate about the suitability of daylight saving time. The shift of one hour during summer time allows a better use of daylighting reducing energy consumptions. However, the impact of daylight saving time on the human health has not been quantified in most of the scenarios. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of daylight saving time on the health of occupants (by calculating Circadian Stimulus Autonomy) and on the energy consumptions for lighting (by calculating Daylight Autonomy) in office buildings. A standard office is analyzed in eleven representative locations of Europe and for three different time schedules: with daylight saving time, with continuous winter time and with continuous summer time. Despite restricted to a specific case study, results provide elements useful to evaluate pros and cons in maintaining daylight saving time, confirming that they are strongly dependent on the geographical position and on the local luminous climate. It was demonstrated that, abolishing daylight saving time, maintaining the local time all the year (winter time), would determine a reduction of Daylight Autonomy generally lower than 6% and that this decrease would be more consistent for cities characterized by higher latitude. At the same time an increase of Circadian Stimulus Autonomy values would be obtained, more consistent for northern cities (maximum observed increment 16%). On the other hand, applying the one-hour shift for the entire year (summer time) would not determine benefits in terms of energy savings nor of impact on circadian system.Artículo Analysis of daylight factors and energy saving allowed by windows under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2015-05) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Muñoz González, Carmen María; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe aim of this research is to quantify the daylight factors produced inside a room for different models of windows, and to conduct an analysis of the results obtained. All trials were performed under overcast sky conditions, as these represent the worst case scenario for calculation. The shape, size and position of the window are variable, as is the reflectance of the inner surfaces of the room. A total of 28 simulations are provided by the lighting simulation program Daylight Visualizer 2.6, validated by the CIE test cases. After trials it was concluded that square windows produce daylight factors slightly higher than those obtained with horizontal windows and noticeably higher than those measured with vertical windows, considering the same surface of openings. It is confirmed that the daylight factors are directly proportional to the glass surface, except in the area near the window. It is also concluded that the windows in the upper position allow higher luminance at the back of the room than those in centered locations. Finally, the energy savings produced by the different models of windows is calculated.Artículo Window design in architecture: Analysis of energy savings for lighting and visual comfort in residential spaces(Elsevier, 2016-04-15) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Molina Rozalem, Juan Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM799: Estrategias de Conocimiento PatrimonialWindow design is decisive in providing appropriate visual comfort for occupants and sufficient energy savings in electric lighting. In daylighting, visual comfort is dependent on the maximum daylight autonomy. Moreover, energy consumption in electric lighting relies on daylight autonomy. The aim of this research is to quantify these metrics in a residential room for different window models and analyze the results obtained. The surface reflectance and the geometry of the window are variable. DaySim 3.2 lighting program provides the simulations of the room model according to different orientations and weather conditions. Following the trials, it was concluded that daylight autonomy is proportional to the glass surface and reflectance of surfaces at the back of the room, while its influence near the façade is negligible. However, energy consumption does not depend on window shape. It is also concluded that windows located higher up result in higher illuminance at the back of the room than those in centered locations. The conclusions of this research are contrasted with the analysis of daylight metrics for different locations and orientations of the window.Artículo Towards an analysis of the performance of monitor skylights under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2015-02-01) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe main aim of this article is to determine a suitable proportion and shape for monitor skylights, which are characterized mainly by two opposite vertical openings fixed by a reflector of variable shape, for ensuring maximum illuminance on the work plane within a room. This type of skylight has a reflector, which is usually rectangular, slanted, sawtooth or curved, behind the vertical openings. Lightscape 3.2 software was used to carry out the simulations of different rooms with four different skylight shapes. All trials are carried out under overcast sky conditions, considered the worst case scenario. Following the trials it is concluded that for this type of skylight, the highest average daylight factors on the work plane are obtained for a height/width ratio close to 1/1, regardless of the reflector shape. In addition, it is concluded that the performance of the rectangular shape is poorer than that of the other shapes; the slanted shape has a better performance when the height/width ratio is lower, the curved shape produces greater daylight when the height/width ratio tends toward 1/1 and the sawtooth shape generates higher daylight factors when the height/width ratio is higher.Artículo Analysis of circadian stimulus allowed by daylighting in hospital rooms(SAGE Publications, 2017-02) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Leslie, Russell; Figueiro, Mariana G.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaLight is the major synchronizer of circadian rhythms to the 24-hour solar day. Compared to the visual system, the circadian system requires more light to be activated and is more sensitive to short-wavelength light. Without access to daylight, or electric lighting providing comparable amount, spectrum, distribution, duration, and timing, human health and wellbeing may be compromised. This may be particularly true for those confined indoors, such as patients in hospitals and residents in eldercare facilities. Architectural and design features, including window size, surface reflectances and furniture placement, impact circadian stimulus levels. The present paper details results of simulations used to determine percentage of days that patients would receive a minimum level of circadian stimulation as a function of different window-to-façade ratios, surface reflectances, and latitudes.Artículo Predictive method of the sky component in a courtyard under overcast sky conditions(Elsevier, 2013-03) Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaThe main aim of this article is to offer a predictive method to determine the most significant values of a sky component on the floor of circular or square courtyards of variable sizes under overcast sky conditions to be calculated quickly and precisely. Firstly, analytical geometry is used to calculate the sky component on the floor of the courtyards under study considering the variable height/width ratios. Empirical expressions are offered subsequently to fit the results obtained using analytical geometry, thus establishing the predictive method.Artículo Optimización del diseño de protecciones solares perforadas para el aprovechamiento de la iluminación natural(Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 2017) Chi Pool, Doris Abigail; Moreno-Rangel, David; Navarro Casas, Jaime; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y EnergíaEste estudio analiza la influencia de diferentes configuraciones de protecciones solares perforadas (PSP) en las condiciones anuales de iluminación natural expresadas mediante la métrica dinámica basada en clima: Iluminación Natural Útil (UDI). El diseño de PSP requiere estudios paramétricos que son a menudo complejos y requieren demasiado tiempo de simulación computacional. Por tanto, se plantea una metodología para optimizar el diseño de las PSP mediante la aplicación del “Diseño de Experimentos con Arreglos Ortogonales (DOA)”. El objetivo es evaluar el efecto y la relevancia que las siguientes variables de diseño de las PSP tienen en la iluminación natural: porcentaje de perforación (PP), matriz (M), forma (F) y orientación (O). La metodología propuesta es aplicada al caso de estudio de Sevilla, España. Los resultados del DOA indican que los valores óptimos para cada variable son: PP 25–37.5 %, M 12x48, F hexagonal/circular, O: norte. Con estos valores se diseñan PSP que maximizan las iluminancias útiles en un 13.08 % y minimizan las iluminancias excesivas en un 33.78 %, respecto al modelo de referencia sin PSP. La aplicación del DOA permite reducir el número de simulaciones, y/o combinaciones de las variables, de 256 requeridas a 16. Finalmente, la PSP óptima es simulada para verificar los resultados del DOA, confirmándose su efectividad y, por tanto, la validez de la metodología propuesta.