Artículos (Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA))

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11307

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Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
(Elsevier, 2025-08) Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Calama-González, Carmen María; Suárez, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
Current European policies focus on achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, the COVID-19 crisis has disrupted social conditions, reigniting the debate on buildings with high occupancy and static users for long periods, such as schools, given their inadequate health and comfort conditions. In the Mediterranean climate, most school buildings lack suitable ventilation systems, due to either their age or a reluctance to use mechanical ventilation systems. This study provides a quantitative analysis of current behavioural and environmental factors affecting pollutant exposure, covering the gap in the existing literature on simultaneous assessment on indoor air quality conditions (CO2, PM2.5, PM10), and hygrothermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity) in a post-COVID scenario in existing secondary school buildings in southern Spain. For this purpose, a continuous monitoring of indoor environmental conditions in cooling, mild, and heating seasons is proposed to assess the influence of natural ventilation conditions on indoor air quality and thermal comfort, instead of the short-term monitoring focused on specific periods frequently found in previous studies. The results show a widespread use of natural overventilation through windows, especially in summer (more than 50 % of the occupied hours), to guarantee indoor air quality conditions (with CO2 below 900 ppm during almost 100 % of the occupied hours). However, in general, this involves clearly compromising thermal conditions (with seasonal average values above 25 °C and 100 % of the occupied hours in discomfort during the hottest weeks) and a moderate loss of cognitive performance during more than 97 % of the summer occupied hours.
The acoustics of 16th-century Jesuit churches in Andalusia: Latin cross plans following the model of Il Gesù
(Elsevier, 2025-09-05) León Rodríguez, Jesús; Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Bustamante, Pedro; Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
Following the Council of Trent, profound changes were observed in ecclesiastical architectural space as a result of the new spirit infused into the Catholic Church by the Counter-Reformation. The Jesuit mother church, Il Gesù, contributed to the consolidation of the model of the single nave church, eliminating the aisles and reducing the size of the transept. This architectural model was disseminated in step with the expansion of the Society. The churches of Santa Catalina (Cordoba), La Anunciación (Seville), and La Encarnación (Marchena, Seville) provide emblematic examples of the model adopted by the Society of Jesus in the second half of the 16th century in Andalusia. The typological, geometric, and material similarities displayed by these churches enable a common analysis of the sound field, to be carried out through in-situ acoustic measurements and simulations. The study of different source positions in similar models enables the determination of the optimal source and receiver configurations. It was found that the position on the main altar, coinciding with the position of the priest in the Tridentine rite, does not facilitate the perception of the sound field, except in the positions in the high tribunes. When the source is under the dome of the transept, the sound field evaluation is more favourable. Conversely, a comparative analysis of churches considered to be ’twins’, St Catalina and La Anunciación, has shown the impact that the interior cladding of these spaces has on the perception of their sound field.
The influence of the urban heat island effect on the energy performance of residential buildings in a city with an oceanic climate during the summer period: Case of Valdivia, Chile
(Elsevier, 2023) Verichev, Konstantin; Salazar-Concha, Cristian; Díaz López, Carmen; Carpio, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID). Chile
The intensification of urban growth and climate change are affecting the energy and thermal performance of buildings. In recent years, the issue of building resilience to urban heat island (UHI) conditions has become increasingly relevant. The energy performance of buildings can vary significantly in different areas of the same city, regardless of their size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy effects of UHI intensity differences in various local climate zones (LCZs) of Valdivia city, Chile, on a typical residential dwelling. A simplified methodology was used, based on the assessment of cooling degree days variations and heat gains variations inside the studied house through the thermal envelope. Valdivia has a homogeneous urban morphology, and three types of low-rise LCZs prevail in the city (LCZ 3, 6, and 9). The results showed that the average cooling demand for a 66 m2 residential dwelling during 39 summer days was 158 kWh for LCZ 9, 219 kWh for LCZ 6, and 289 kWh for LCZ 3, compared to the rural demand of 114 kWh. These results suggest that the energy effects of UHI can be significant, and that it is important to study the microclimatic conditions in various LCZs for a correct understanding of the UHI energy effects on different buildings.
Ventilation Strategies to Ensure Thermal Comfort for Users in School Buildings: A Critical Review
(MDPI, 2025) Aguilar Carrasco, María Teresa; López Lovillo, Remedios María; Suárez, Rafael; León-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
People spend most of their time indoors, where air quality is crucial to health. In this context, this study conducts a critical review of ventilation strategies in schools to ensure air quality, as well as to guarantee students’ thermal comfort. Based on a bibliographical review, strategies from previous studies are identified and evaluated in order to determine their advantages. After a detailed search, a total of 19 articles were selected, which provides a thorough analysis of the ventilation strategies in school buildings considering thermal comfort. The identified strategies were categorized into natural, mechanical, and hybrid types. The results reveal a prevalence of natural ventilation, which accounts for over 50% of strategies in all climates. Mechanical ventilation is less common and is applicable to around 30% of cases. Hybrid strategies, combining natural and mechanical ventilation, are the least used and only appear in oceanic climates, with a usage rate of 20%. Most studies highlight the lack of air conditioning in many schools, making adequate thermal stress management through ventilation crucial. The results analyzed clearly show a lack of studies with optimal results whose ventilation strategies can be replicated in other similar educational buildings, ensuring thermal comfort and air quality.
Environmental impacts of light sources in buildings: analysis of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) in European Union
(MDPI, 2025-04-14) Hoxha, Endrit; Hosseini, Seyed Morteza; Soust-Verdaguer, Bernardette; De Boer, Jan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (Datus-Lab)
Benchmark studies of the environmental impacts of buildings often overlook the contribution of lighting systems. This omission presents a significant knowledge gap, especially given the growing focus on energy-efficient technologies and sustainable building designs. To address this gap, the life cycle assessment method was used to calculate the environmental impacts of lighting systems, focusing on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator. An in-depth review of databases and programs across the 27 European Union member states was also conducted. The study analyzed both the absolute and relative contributions of lighting systems to the overall environmental impacts of buildings, with a specific focus on the situation in Denmark. A total of 101 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) covering 753 LED lighting products were identified. Material-related impacts accounted for 1–12% of the total GWP, while energy used during operations contributed 6–24%. These results emphasize the importance of both embodied and operational impacts. Improving the luminous efficacy of lighting systems emerges as a more effective and feasible strategy to reduce a building’s GWP than lowering overall energy use or grid carbon intensity. In countries with high-carbon electricity, reducing the operational impacts is critical. Elsewhere, selecting lighting systems with low embodied impacts is also essential.
Enhancing Public Social Housing Management: A Level(s)-Based Approach for European Sustainability Goals
(Elsevier, 2025) Díaz López, Carmen; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Rosa Jiménez, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
This study addresses the management of public social housing in Europe, focusing on sustainability and the circular economy. It highlights that the construction sector is responsible for a large share of the European Union's energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a shift towards regeneration of existing housing stock instead of urban sprawl is proposed. The research presents an innovative methodology based on indicators such as Level(s) that allows to diagnose and characterize the public social housing stock. This methodology is divided into several phases, including the identification of scales of application, sustainability criteria, management indicators, and diagnostic activities. Relevant indicators are identified at different scales (regional, local, neighbourhood and building) to evaluate social, economic and technical aspects. In addition, a case study was carried out in a social housing neighbourhood in Baena, Spain, where these indicators were applied to assess the current situation and the need for improvement. The paper concludes that this methodology helps inventory the public housing stock and allows for more efficient and sustainable management aligned with European guidelines such as the European Green Pact and the New European Bauhaus.
Assessment of Mediterranean schools’ energy consumption and indoor environmental factors evolution through weighted Retrofit Potential Index in climate change scenarios
(Elsevier, 2024) Llanos-Jiménez, Jesús; Alonso Carrillo, Alicia; Hepf, Christian; Borja Torrejón, Manuel de; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
ue to the effects of climate change, Andalusia is evolving from a Mediterranean to an arid-dry climate. In this context, there is a growing social interest in providing thermal comfort conditions, also in schools. Most public secondary schools in Andalusia are obsolete in energy terms and 95 % of them rely exclusively on natural ventilation to keep classrooms cool and ensure indoor air quality. There is an urgent need to determine which schools require priority retrofitting as, despite economic constraints, non-compliance has a negative impact on pupils’ health and increases CO2 emissions with environmental impact. The main objective and primary novelty of this study is to establish a flexible weighted Retrofit Potential Index (RPIweighted) to objectively and simultaneously assess retrofitting needs by considering energy consumption, thermal comfort (TC) and indoor air quality (IAQ) under present and future climate change projections. To test it, energy models of archetypal schools were developed and validated. The diagnostic results show a decreasing trend in energy intensity use of between 4.7 and 8.8 kWh/m2·yr due to the demand reduction of the only thermal conditioning system, heating. Furthermore, winter thermal comfort issues could be reduced by 10–30 %, leading to widespread vulnerability in summer with a 20–85 % increase in overheating. The results show some difficulty in meeting indoor air quality regulatory requirements, even during the current scenario. RPIweighted results indicated a need for renovation and could not only serves as a diagnostic tool but also as a design tool for retrofitting proposals.
Implementation of Innovative Healthcare Infrastructure Projects: the Experience of Spain
(Research and Educational Innovation Center of Social Transformations, 2024) Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel; Mykhailovska, Olena; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
The article focuses on the implementation of innovative healthcare infrastructure projects, with a pilot case in Spain. It emphasizes the critical role of innovation and advance capabilities systems for healthcare for enhancing service quality and creating productive environments aligned with sustainable development principles. The article demonstrates the complexity of implementing social projects and the problems of their dissemination. It explores the key elements of implementing innovative healthcare infrastructure projects (using the example of health-oriented advanced lighting in medical facilities). The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The study explores the adoption of biodynamic lighting systems, which adapt to human circadian rhythms, thereby contributing to health and well-being. The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The article discusses the project CHRONOlight, implemented in a central Hospital, aiming to develop and optimize a biodynamic lighting system. The project serves as a model for integrating innovative lighting solutions in healthcare facilities, showcasing the potential for significant improvements in patient care and worker productivity. The findings suggest that innovative lighting technologies are essential for advancing healthcare infrastructure towards more sustainable and effective practices. The emphasis is on the necessity of engaging stakeholders in the implementation process of innovations, and their characterization is described using the CHRONOlight project as an example. The need for using a project communication management model is highlighted, and a model for managing project communications for CHRONOlight is proposed.
Aprendizaje basado en problemas en la intervención de edificios existentes. Ciclo de mejora en la asignatura de Construcción V
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2024) Sola Caraballo, Javier de; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Este documento explora la implementación de un ciclo de mejora en el aula de 8 horas en la asignatura de Construcción V, del grado de Arquitectura. A través de un análisis detallado de los obstáculos actuales y la implementación de un modelo metodológico centrado en las ideas de los estudiantes, se busca mejorar la retención de conocimientos cruciales para la posterior práctica profesional. Mediante la propuesta de una metodología docente siguiendo el aprendizaje basado en problemas, se crean una serie de actividades, debates y pequeños problemas prácticos reales que los estudiantes deben afrontar de manera semiautónoma. La puesta en práctica ha sido evaluada, analizando el aprendizaje de los estudiantes mediante una prueba inicial y final. La comparativa de las res puestas obtenidas ofrecen resultados muy positivos. El ciclo también ha sido eva luado desde el punto de vista del docente, aportando importantes aspectos a tener en cuenta para la futura práctica profesional.
Micrografías del espacio intangible. Trípticos, pinturas y vidrio-grafías de arquitecturas del habitar
(Universidad del Bío-Bío, 2024) Fernández Naranjo, Juan Antonio; Cuerda del Valle, Isabel; García García, Tomás; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos
El Jardín de las Delicias (1490-1500) es un tríptico formado por tres paneles frontales sobre el paraíso y el infierno que precisan del espectador para ser abatidos, cerrados y obtener una nueva visión: la Creación del mundo. En esta obra, El Bosco representa pequeños coágulos de aire que hablan de arquitecturas encapsuladas y lugares introspectivos, donde las leyes parecen haber desaparecido. Este ensayo pone de manifiesto la existencia de estos diminutos espacios insertos en el ámbito arquitectónico; trípticos que, en lugar de ser pintados, han adquirido una tercera dimensión para formar parte de obras como Casa Ugalde de Coderch (1953), Casa-museo Soane (1820) y Casa Vicens de Gaudí (1885). Una inmersión arquitectónica en tres proyectos de habitar que nos permite la creación de catálogos con micrografías de “lágrimas de arquitectura”: burbujas atrapadas en la masa vitral que nos muestran cartografías de un espacio intangible y desconocido. Micrografías del espacio intangible nos sugiere cambiar la escala y sumergir al habitante en un micromundo en busca de nuevas expresiones que permitan concebir una arquitectura más gráfica y creativa.
Decision-making for renovating the Mediterranean social housing: a practical approach through an interactive open access tool
(Elsevier, 2025) Calama-González, Carmen María; Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Suárez, Rafael; Ascione, Fabrizio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I
To achieve 2050 Climate Neutrality, building stock requires a multidimensional renovation process. This is particularly urgent in most vulnerable households, with higher exposure to climate change, where this procedure should focus on cost-controlled passive measures. Given the complexity of identifying optimal strategies, it is imperative to improve the retrofitting process of the social housing stock to enhance its energy performance guaranteeing health and comfort. For this, an interactive tool was developed focused on the case of southern Spain. Able to provide optimized combinations of energy retrofit strategies, using NSGA-II genetic algorithms and setting two optimization objectives: minimizing thermal discomfort and economic costs. The freely accessible tool was designed with practical and didactic approach to facilitate decision-making. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of implementing phase actions instead of a single large-scale intervention and show the tool’s ability to quantify the percentage of thermal comfort improvement achieves at each phase.
Sistemas de certificación en clima templado
(Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 2017-12) Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Claro Ponce, José Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el campo normativo y herramientas vigentes que permiten certificar la eficiencia energética de edificios en España, dentro de los países en Clima Templado, los documentos reconocidos para su realización; así como la vinculación de los mismos con Directivas europeas encaminadas a cumplir los compromisos fijados por la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. La comparativa entre las diferentes herramientas y con otros países de climas templados, permitirá identificar sus virtudes e inconvenientes, a fin de obtener conclusiones sobre las mejoras que podrían plantearse, desde el proceso de certificación y materia de eficiencia energética hasta las normativas que las regulan.
The incorporation of recycled aggregate concrete as a strategy to enhance the circular performance of residential building structures in Spain
(MDPI, 2025-03-17) Vásquez Cabrera, Alicia Isolina; Montes Delgado, María Victoria de; Llatas, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union
The construction industry increasingly relies on concrete to meet growing urban population demands. However, concrete has a high carbon footprint, which contradicts the Sustainable Development Goals and the Circular Economy policies promoted by the European Commission. The use of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) is a cost-effective circularity strategy to mitigate environmental impacts. Several countries have integrated RAC into their standards and have achieved promising circularity results. Spain is committed to enhancing resource productivity and using circular materials through practices established during the design phase. Although the residential sector plays a significant role within the construction industry, the potential for circularity of RAC in such residential building structures remains unexplored. The present study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the circularity of four scenarios in a multi-family building using a circularity assessment method for residential building structures: the CARES Framework. The results revealed that RAC, following the Structural Code requirements, can enhance the circularity performance at the material level by up to 42.82%, at the element level by 21.68%, and at the system level by 10.81%. These results demonstrated that circularity declines as the assessment levels increase, which underscores the essential integration of circular materials with adaptability and disassembly criteria.
Evaluating resilience and thermal comfort in Mediterranean dwellings: a level(s) framework approach
(MDPI, 2025-02-18) Díaz López, Carmen; Pérez Rendón, Cristina Alba; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
The construction sector plays a pivotal role in urban development, providing a critical opportunity to foster a cultural shift towards the regeneration of housing stock. This shift focuses on sustainable and resilient urban interventions to extend the lifespan of buildings, starting from the design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Level(s) framework, which establishes sustainability indicators, is particularly relevant to this research, as it promotes circular economy principles and building resilience. The framework provides a comprehensive set of indicators that guide resilient housing rehabilitation methodologies. Indicator 2.3 supports the design and renovation of obsolete housing, emphasizing the maximization of resilience against climatic, functional, and socio-economic impacts. Meanwhile, Indicator 4.2 evaluates the thermal comfort of building occupants concerning indoor conditions throughout the year. The primary aim of this study is to develop a resilient housing rehabilitation methodology based on Level(s), which includes (i) assessing the current resilience of a pilot case, (ii) designing new resilient housing configurations, (iii) evaluating thermal comfort duration for older adults, and (iv) analyzing cost amortization. The research findings indicate that the proposed rehabilitation approach significantly improves occupants’ resilience to climate-related stressors and thermal comfort, particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of adapting thermal comfort standards for these populations and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of resilience strategies. The outcomes contribute to a flexible and accessible refurbishment model that meets diverse tenant needs, offering a scalable solution for sustainable urban interventions.
Cooling heritage scenarios: transforming historic squares for thermal comfort
(MDPI, 2025-02-12) Rezaie, Pegah; López Cabeza, Victoria Patricia; Sola Caraballo, Javier de; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Urban squares in historic neighborhoods are vital public spaces, often the only nearby option available for an aging population. However, these spaces face increasing thermal discomfort exacerbated by urban heat island (UHI) effects. This research focuses on improving thermal comfort for two case studies located in Seville’s high-density and historically rich Casco Antiguo neighborhood. Although their significance and social value make them central meeting points for locals and visitors, these squares face major challenges regarding thermal comfort, mainly due to a lack of greenery or adequate shading. This study examines the conditions by conducting in-person monitoring and simulations, identifying factors contributing to discomfort. On the basis of this, the research proposes mitigation strategies to address these issues. These solutions include the installation of green walls, the addition of canopies, and the application of specific surface materials to improve the conditions of these squares. Canopies provided the most significant cooling, reducing universal thermal climate index (UTCI) values by up to 6.5 °C. Green walls delivered localized cooling, lowering the mean radiant temperature (MRT) by up to 5 °C. The results reveal how these approaches can bring about changes in thermal comfort in a way that benefits historic city environments.
Student Competitions as a Learning Method with a Sustainable Focus in Higher Education: the University of Seville “Aura Projects” in the “Solar Decathlon 2019”
(MDPI, 2020) Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Rey Pérez, Julia; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
In recent times, teaching in higher education has undergone a significant transformation. Current advances and innovative proposals in educational science research are centred around a transdisciplinary approach, the so-called integrated curriculum and the incorporation of the transversal concept of sustainability. In summary, the so-called learning processes through problem-solving. The Solar Decathlon Competition is the most prestigious international university student competition for sustainable habitat. The aim of this article is to show how the Aura Strategy, developed by the University of Seville Solar Decathlon Team to participate in the Solar Decathlon 2019 Latin America and Europe competitions, is aligned with the aforementioned proposals. Among the results, the generation of a transforming teaching network of the departmental structures in the University of Seville is to be highlighted. These transformations in teaching lead students to new, broader and more holistic approaches to study, as well as new capabilities and skills. The question of interdisciplinarity requires new tools and research lines to achieve successful implementation in higher education, and the participation in the Solar Decathlon Competition is one of them.
Students’ thermal and indoor air quality perception in secondary schools in a Mediterranean climate
(Elsevier, 2025-04-15) Alonso Carrillo, Alicia; Suárez, Rafael; Llanos-Jiménez, Jesús; Muñoz González, Carmen María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of achieving adequate indoor air quality (IAQ) and addressing its impact on hygrothermal conditions has become paramount. Environmental quality in classrooms significantly influences students’ health, well-being, and academic performance. Natural ventilation faces challenges related to efficiency and thermal comfort, even the development of recent standards focuses on the continuous measurement of CO2 to enhance health and well-being. This study addresses a research gap by simultaneously addressing both thermal comfort (TC) and IAQ analyses, focusing on students’ perceptions across seasons in secondary schools within the Mediterranean climate of southern Spain. A field study conducted between 2022 and 2023 involved long-term monitoring and 1,056 surveys from students aged 12–18 in 54 classrooms across seven schools. Data were collected during heating and non-heating periods in naturally ventilated spaces, analysing subjective perceptions and their relationship with objective parameters. Results show that high temperatures strongly influence thermal and air quality perceptions, while CO2 levels have minimal impact on Air Sensation Voting (ASV), even at concentrations exceeding 1,400 ppm. During non-heating seasons, 60 % of students reported thermal comfort at temperatures between 23-27 °C, while discomfort increased to 38 % at temperatures below 19 °C during heating seasons. Neutral temperatures derived from subjective impressions reveal significant seasonal variations. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) underestimated actual sensations, particularly during cold seasons in warm climates. These findings highlight the impact of outdoor temperatures on students’ perceptions and offer insights for refining comfort models and adapting ventilation strategies to improve learning environments in schools.
Healthier indoor environments for vulnerable occupants: analysis of light, air quality, and airborne disease risk
(MDPI, 2025-01-24) García Martín, Guillermo; Romero Lara, Fátima; Campano, Miguel Ángel; Acosta García, Ignacio Javier; Bustamante, Pedro; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
This study evaluates indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in childcare facilities, focusing on air quality and lighting—key factors affecting children’s health and development. The analysis examines a nursery in Seville, Spain, where continuous monitoring revealed challenges in maintaining suitable indoor conditions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels often surpassed Spanish standards (770 ppm) and stricter thresholds (550 ppm) for sensitive groups, peaking at nearly 1900 ppm. These concentrations are linked to possible cognitive impairments and increased airborne pathogen risks, with Attack Rates (ARs) exceeding 70%. Passive ventilation strategies, such as window openings, proved insufficient, emphasizing the need for Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV) systems to ensure consistent air renewal while maintaining thermal comfort. Lighting assessments identified insufficient circadian stimulus during key periods. Excessive lighting during nap times disrupted rest, while morning daylight levels failed to provide adequate circadian stimulation. These findings stress the importance of integrating solar protection and dynamic daylight and electric lighting systems to align with children’s biological rhythms. This research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive IEQ strategies in childcare settings, combining advanced ventilation, hygrothermal management, and circadian-friendly lighting to create safer and healthier environments for young children.
Levantamiento y análisis del molino hidráulico del Marqués de los Vélez de Oria (Almería): correspondencia entre planimetría histórica y situación actual
(Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2024-12-27) Moya Muñoz, Jorge; Angulo Fornos, Roque; González Serrano, Ana María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. HUM779: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
La mayoría de las huertas históricas de origen medieval de la provincia de Almería cuentan con molinos hidráulicos como principales unidades productivas encargadas de obtener harina para el alimento de la población. De entre ellas, destaca por sus dimensiones y recursos estilísticos el conocido como el molino del “Cubo Alto” de Oria, sobre el que no recae, actualmente, ningún tipo de protección patrimonial. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en generar y difundir conocimiento en torno a dicha edificación. La existencia de planimetría asociada a la reconstrucción del molino, en el año 1818, ha posibilitado establecer tanto una comparación formal como constructiva respecto al edificio actual. Este análisis permite proponer hipótesis de las variantes existentes entre el molino colapsado inicialmente, la ejecución de las obras de reconstrucción, previstas en el siglo XIX, y las realizadas finalmente. Se utilizan las herramientas de los modelos digitales para llevar a cabo el levantamiento y el análisis del molino actual.
An approach to modelling envelope airtightness in multi-family social housing in Mediterranean Europe based on the situation in Spain
(Elsevier, 2016) Fernández-Agüera, Jessica; Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Building hygrothermal performance, indoor air quality and energy consumption depend heavily on envelope airtightness. Over the last three decades, single-family dwellings have been amply studied in this respect by researchers in North Europe, the United States and Canada. However, very few studies have been conducted on airtightness in multi-family housing in warm climates such as Mediterranean Europe. Thispaper aims to enhance theunderstanding of building airtightness inearly twenty-first-centurymultifamily buildings in southern Spain. Blower Door tests were conducted in 45 units in seven such buildings. The main airtightness parameter values found are reported and compared to the data for other buildings in southern Europe. The paper includes a statistical analysis of the findings, characterises building types and describes the protocol used to identify and quantify air leakage pathways. The conclusion drawn is that although a rough predictive model can be developed, the results are widely scattered due to the impact of the random component of manual construction, even in buildings with identical construction characteristics and types. The values recorded are nonetheless consistent with the findings for other European surveys.

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