Artículos (Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA))

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11307

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Thermal comfort assessment of secondary school building stock in southern Spain using parametric numerical models and applying different climatic and ventilation scenarios
(Elsevier, 2025-10-01) Aguilar Carrasco, María Teresa; Calama-González, Carmen María; Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Mauro, Gerardo Maria; Suárez, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
Climate change is accelerating global warming, leading in turn to increased thermal stress and indoor overheating, particularly in buildings with high occupancy in southern Europe. This study examines the thermal performance of secondary school buildings in southern Spain, focusing on the influence of ventilation on thermal comfort. Given the reliance on natural ventilation of a significant portion of the Mediterranean school building stock, this research aims to characterize thermal comfort conditions using validated parametric simulation models on a regional scale. The study analyses current and future comfort conditions across different climatic zones, incorporating climate change projections, and assessing overheating and undercooling risks. Results show how ventilation without thermal treatment plays a crucial role in both overheating and undercooling. Higher ventilation rates generally lead to discomfort during winter but improve comfort in summer. Building orientation and solar exposure further influence comfort, with south-facing buildings benefiting from solar gains. Projections for 2050 suggest an increase in overheating risks, particularly in cities with higher cooling degree days (CDD). Despite the benefits of higher ventilation rates, these may not fully mitigate the anticipated increase in overheating, which showcases the need for additional strategies, such as active ventilation systems, to address these challenges. The findings highlight the need for improved adaptation strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Comparative analysis of scientific papers on LCA applied to nanoparticulated building materials
(MDPI, 2025-05-30) Sánchez Burgos, Marco Antonio; Blandón González, Begoña; Conradi Galnares, Esperanza; Porras Pereira, Paula; Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP205: Análisis y Evaluación de Sistemas Constructivos y Estructurales en la Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: Sath Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP1002: Artesa Re_lab | Architecture + Structural Research; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
Nanomaterials have emerged as versatile components revolutionizing diverse industries, yet their environmental and health impacts remain insufficiently explored. This paper delves into the latent hazards accompanying their evolution and integration, particularly within the construction sector. It addresses the critical gap in assessing their life-cycle impacts, emphasizing the necessity of explicit reporting on nanoparticle emissions. Employing a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, this research evaluates the sustainability of nanomaterial applications. The absence of nanoparticle-specific data in existing product databases underscores the need for comprehensive life-cycle emission reporting. Since direct impact calculations remain unfeasible, incorporating predicted emissions and risk assessments into LCA studies is recommended. This study advocates for incorporating nanoparticle risk evaluations into LCA methodologies to enhance sustainability and environmental safety. By prioritizing precise emission data and predictive risk analysis, it advances nanomaterial environmental assessments, contributing to the responsible implementation of nanomaterials in construction.
Human toxicity of building materials and the application of the taxonomy principle in Green Public Procurement: the Life Cycle Assessment as a tool
(Springer, 2025-06-20) Rey Álvarez, Belén; Sánchez-Montañés Macías, Benito; Roberts, Matt; García Martínez, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. HUM1008: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
The construction sector is a major contributor to global environmental impacts, but current sustainability assessments often overlook the human health risks posed by toxic building materials. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Green Public Procurement (GPP) aim to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, the integration of material toxicity metrics remains fragmented, undermining holistic sustainability goals. Building materials release hazardous substances throughout their lifecycle, affecting indoor air quality, public health, and ecosystems. However, regulatory frameworks and LCA methodologies prioritise carbon emissions, leaving toxicity under-assessed and unregulated in most policies. Here, we show that persistent gaps in standardised toxicity data, inconsistent application of European (EU) taxonomy principles, and disparities in GPP criteria across member states hinder effective mitigation of toxicological risks. By analysing more than 150 studies and EU procurement practices, we demonstrate that only a few LCA studies integrate toxicity metrics and fewer than 10% of public projects align with the European principle of'Do not significantly harm'. Our findings reveal that harmonising toxicity thresholds in LCA databases, mandating quantitative criteria in GPP, and expanding circular economy strategies could bridge these gaps. This study establishes a direct link between material toxicity and regulatory fragmentation, advocating for policies that equally prioritise toxicity reduction and decarbonisation. These insights underscore the urgency of aligning EU sustainability frameworks with health-centric metrics, ensuring public investments foster safer, biocompatible materials. By redefining procurement standards and advancing interdisciplinary collaboration, this work provides a roadmap for transforming construction practices, safeguarding both environmental integrity and human health.
Testing a digital sustainable regenerative teaching framework in an architectural undergraduate design studio
(MDPI, 2025-05-29) Naboni, Emanuele; Azzali, Simona; Imparato, Massimo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
We are confronted with an urgent imperative to transition from merely minimizing harm to developing sustainable, regenerative, and net-positive solutions that systematically restore ecosystems, achieve decarbonization, and enhance health outcomes. This study presents a phased Digital Sustainable Regenerative Design Studio framework, which was implemented in a third-year architecture studio at the Canadian University of Dubai. This methodology incorporates bespoke environmental simulation tools alongside quantitative metrics for climate adaptation, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and health outcomes to inform creative design solutions. The students devised interventions across 20 urban plots in Dubai. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing real-time engagement with computational tools, reflective journals, feedback sessions, project analysis, and surveys, was conducted to assess the framework’s effectiveness in enhancing students’ comprehension of regenerative design and to examine their responses to complex, interdisciplinary challenges. Key findings reveal improved student performance in applying regenerative design principles and the formulation of strategies for climate-adaptive urbanism. The results suggest that this educational framework has the potential to influence and enhance pedagogical approaches, fostering architects committed to advancing sustainable, regenerative, and climate-adaptive urbanism.
Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
(Elsevier, 2025-08) Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Calama-González, Carmen María; Suárez, Rafael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
Current European policies focus on achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, the COVID-19 crisis has disrupted social conditions, reigniting the debate on buildings with high occupancy and static users for long periods, such as schools, given their inadequate health and comfort conditions. In the Mediterranean climate, most school buildings lack suitable ventilation systems, due to either their age or a reluctance to use mechanical ventilation systems. This study provides a quantitative analysis of current behavioural and environmental factors affecting pollutant exposure, covering the gap in the existing literature on simultaneous assessment on indoor air quality conditions (CO2, PM2.5, PM10), and hygrothermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity) in a post-COVID scenario in existing secondary school buildings in southern Spain. For this purpose, a continuous monitoring of indoor environmental conditions in cooling, mild, and heating seasons is proposed to assess the influence of natural ventilation conditions on indoor air quality and thermal comfort, instead of the short-term monitoring focused on specific periods frequently found in previous studies. The results show a widespread use of natural overventilation through windows, especially in summer (more than 50 % of the occupied hours), to guarantee indoor air quality conditions (with CO2 below 900 ppm during almost 100 % of the occupied hours). However, in general, this involves clearly compromising thermal conditions (with seasonal average values above 25 °C and 100 % of the occupied hours in discomfort during the hottest weeks) and a moderate loss of cognitive performance during more than 97 % of the summer occupied hours.
The acoustics of 16th-century Jesuit churches in Andalusia: Latin cross plans following the model of Il Gesù
(Elsevier, 2025-09-05) León Rodríguez, Jesús; Alberdi Causse, Enedina; Bustamante, Pedro; Galindo del Pozo, Miguel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía
Following the Council of Trent, profound changes were observed in ecclesiastical architectural space as a result of the new spirit infused into the Catholic Church by the Counter-Reformation. The Jesuit mother church, Il Gesù, contributed to the consolidation of the model of the single nave church, eliminating the aisles and reducing the size of the transept. This architectural model was disseminated in step with the expansion of the Society. The churches of Santa Catalina (Cordoba), La Anunciación (Seville), and La Encarnación (Marchena, Seville) provide emblematic examples of the model adopted by the Society of Jesus in the second half of the 16th century in Andalusia. The typological, geometric, and material similarities displayed by these churches enable a common analysis of the sound field, to be carried out through in-situ acoustic measurements and simulations. The study of different source positions in similar models enables the determination of the optimal source and receiver configurations. It was found that the position on the main altar, coinciding with the position of the priest in the Tridentine rite, does not facilitate the perception of the sound field, except in the positions in the high tribunes. When the source is under the dome of the transept, the sound field evaluation is more favourable. Conversely, a comparative analysis of churches considered to be ’twins’, St Catalina and La Anunciación, has shown the impact that the interior cladding of these spaces has on the perception of their sound field.
The influence of the urban heat island effect on the energy performance of residential buildings in a city with an oceanic climate during the summer period: Case of Valdivia, Chile
(Elsevier, 2023) Verichev, Konstantin; Salazar-Concha, Cristian; Díaz López, Carmen; Carpio, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID). Chile
The intensification of urban growth and climate change are affecting the energy and thermal performance of buildings. In recent years, the issue of building resilience to urban heat island (UHI) conditions has become increasingly relevant. The energy performance of buildings can vary significantly in different areas of the same city, regardless of their size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy effects of UHI intensity differences in various local climate zones (LCZs) of Valdivia city, Chile, on a typical residential dwelling. A simplified methodology was used, based on the assessment of cooling degree days variations and heat gains variations inside the studied house through the thermal envelope. Valdivia has a homogeneous urban morphology, and three types of low-rise LCZs prevail in the city (LCZ 3, 6, and 9). The results showed that the average cooling demand for a 66 m2 residential dwelling during 39 summer days was 158 kWh for LCZ 9, 219 kWh for LCZ 6, and 289 kWh for LCZ 3, compared to the rural demand of 114 kWh. These results suggest that the energy effects of UHI can be significant, and that it is important to study the microclimatic conditions in various LCZs for a correct understanding of the UHI energy effects on different buildings.
Environmental impacts of light sources in buildings: analysis of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) in European Union
(MDPI, 2025-04-14) Hoxha, Endrit; Hosseini, Seyed Morteza; Soust-Verdaguer, Bernardette; De Boer, Jan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP986: Digital Architecture for Sustainability Lab (Datus-Lab)
Benchmark studies of the environmental impacts of buildings often overlook the contribution of lighting systems. This omission presents a significant knowledge gap, especially given the growing focus on energy-efficient technologies and sustainable building designs. To address this gap, the life cycle assessment method was used to calculate the environmental impacts of lighting systems, focusing on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator. An in-depth review of databases and programs across the 27 European Union member states was also conducted. The study analyzed both the absolute and relative contributions of lighting systems to the overall environmental impacts of buildings, with a specific focus on the situation in Denmark. A total of 101 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) covering 753 LED lighting products were identified. Material-related impacts accounted for 1–12% of the total GWP, while energy used during operations contributed 6–24%. These results emphasize the importance of both embodied and operational impacts. Improving the luminous efficacy of lighting systems emerges as a more effective and feasible strategy to reduce a building’s GWP than lowering overall energy use or grid carbon intensity. In countries with high-carbon electricity, reducing the operational impacts is critical. Elsewhere, selecting lighting systems with low embodied impacts is also essential.
Implementation of Innovative Healthcare Infrastructure Projects: the Experience of Spain
(Research and Educational Innovation Center of Social Transformations, 2024) Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel; Mykhailovska, Olena; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
The article focuses on the implementation of innovative healthcare infrastructure projects, with a pilot case in Spain. It emphasizes the critical role of innovation and advance capabilities systems for healthcare for enhancing service quality and creating productive environments aligned with sustainable development principles. The article demonstrates the complexity of implementing social projects and the problems of their dissemination. It explores the key elements of implementing innovative healthcare infrastructure projects (using the example of health-oriented advanced lighting in medical facilities). The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The study explores the adoption of biodynamic lighting systems, which adapt to human circadian rhythms, thereby contributing to health and well-being. The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The article discusses the project CHRONOlight, implemented in a central Hospital, aiming to develop and optimize a biodynamic lighting system. The project serves as a model for integrating innovative lighting solutions in healthcare facilities, showcasing the potential for significant improvements in patient care and worker productivity. The findings suggest that innovative lighting technologies are essential for advancing healthcare infrastructure towards more sustainable and effective practices. The emphasis is on the necessity of engaging stakeholders in the implementation process of innovations, and their characterization is described using the CHRONOlight project as an example. The need for using a project communication management model is highlighted, and a model for managing project communications for CHRONOlight is proposed.
Aprendizaje basado en problemas en la intervención de edificios existentes. Ciclo de mejora en la asignatura de Construcción V
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2024) Sola Caraballo, Javier de; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Este documento explora la implementación de un ciclo de mejora en el aula de 8 horas en la asignatura de Construcción V, del grado de Arquitectura. A través de un análisis detallado de los obstáculos actuales y la implementación de un modelo metodológico centrado en las ideas de los estudiantes, se busca mejorar la retención de conocimientos cruciales para la posterior práctica profesional. Mediante la propuesta de una metodología docente siguiendo el aprendizaje basado en problemas, se crean una serie de actividades, debates y pequeños problemas prácticos reales que los estudiantes deben afrontar de manera semiautónoma. La puesta en práctica ha sido evaluada, analizando el aprendizaje de los estudiantes mediante una prueba inicial y final. La comparativa de las res puestas obtenidas ofrecen resultados muy positivos. El ciclo también ha sido eva luado desde el punto de vista del docente, aportando importantes aspectos a tener en cuenta para la futura práctica profesional.
Decision-making for renovating the Mediterranean social housing: a practical approach through an interactive open access tool
(Elsevier, 2025) Calama-González, Carmen María; Escandón Ramírez, Rocío; Suárez, Rafael; Ascione, Fabrizio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I
To achieve 2050 Climate Neutrality, building stock requires a multidimensional renovation process. This is particularly urgent in most vulnerable households, with higher exposure to climate change, where this procedure should focus on cost-controlled passive measures. Given the complexity of identifying optimal strategies, it is imperative to improve the retrofitting process of the social housing stock to enhance its energy performance guaranteeing health and comfort. For this, an interactive tool was developed focused on the case of southern Spain. Able to provide optimized combinations of energy retrofit strategies, using NSGA-II genetic algorithms and setting two optimization objectives: minimizing thermal discomfort and economic costs. The freely accessible tool was designed with practical and didactic approach to facilitate decision-making. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of implementing phase actions instead of a single large-scale intervention and show the tool’s ability to quantify the percentage of thermal comfort improvement achieves at each phase.
Sistemas de certificación en clima templado
(Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 2017-12) Mercader-Moyano, Pilar; Claro Ponce, José Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el campo normativo y herramientas vigentes que permiten certificar la eficiencia energética de edificios en España, dentro de los países en Clima Templado, los documentos reconocidos para su realización; así como la vinculación de los mismos con Directivas europeas encaminadas a cumplir los compromisos fijados por la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. La comparativa entre las diferentes herramientas y con otros países de climas templados, permitirá identificar sus virtudes e inconvenientes, a fin de obtener conclusiones sobre las mejoras que podrían plantearse, desde el proceso de certificación y materia de eficiencia energética hasta las normativas que las regulan.
Evaluating resilience and thermal comfort in Mediterranean dwellings: a level(s) framework approach
(MDPI, 2025-02-18) Díaz López, Carmen; Pérez Rendón, Cristina Alba; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
The construction sector plays a pivotal role in urban development, providing a critical opportunity to foster a cultural shift towards the regeneration of housing stock. This shift focuses on sustainable and resilient urban interventions to extend the lifespan of buildings, starting from the design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Level(s) framework, which establishes sustainability indicators, is particularly relevant to this research, as it promotes circular economy principles and building resilience. The framework provides a comprehensive set of indicators that guide resilient housing rehabilitation methodologies. Indicator 2.3 supports the design and renovation of obsolete housing, emphasizing the maximization of resilience against climatic, functional, and socio-economic impacts. Meanwhile, Indicator 4.2 evaluates the thermal comfort of building occupants concerning indoor conditions throughout the year. The primary aim of this study is to develop a resilient housing rehabilitation methodology based on Level(s), which includes (i) assessing the current resilience of a pilot case, (ii) designing new resilient housing configurations, (iii) evaluating thermal comfort duration for older adults, and (iv) analyzing cost amortization. The research findings indicate that the proposed rehabilitation approach significantly improves occupants’ resilience to climate-related stressors and thermal comfort, particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of adapting thermal comfort standards for these populations and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of resilience strategies. The outcomes contribute to a flexible and accessible refurbishment model that meets diverse tenant needs, offering a scalable solution for sustainable urban interventions.
Cooling heritage scenarios: transforming historic squares for thermal comfort
(MDPI, 2025-02-12) Rezaie, Pegah; López Cabeza, Victoria Patricia; Sola Caraballo, Javier de; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos
Urban squares in historic neighborhoods are vital public spaces, often the only nearby option available for an aging population. However, these spaces face increasing thermal discomfort exacerbated by urban heat island (UHI) effects. This research focuses on improving thermal comfort for two case studies located in Seville’s high-density and historically rich Casco Antiguo neighborhood. Although their significance and social value make them central meeting points for locals and visitors, these squares face major challenges regarding thermal comfort, mainly due to a lack of greenery or adequate shading. This study examines the conditions by conducting in-person monitoring and simulations, identifying factors contributing to discomfort. On the basis of this, the research proposes mitigation strategies to address these issues. These solutions include the installation of green walls, the addition of canopies, and the application of specific surface materials to improve the conditions of these squares. Canopies provided the most significant cooling, reducing universal thermal climate index (UTCI) values by up to 6.5 °C. Green walls delivered localized cooling, lowering the mean radiant temperature (MRT) by up to 5 °C. The results reveal how these approaches can bring about changes in thermal comfort in a way that benefits historic city environments.
Student Competitions as a Learning Method with a Sustainable Focus in Higher Education: the University of Seville “Aura Projects” in the “Solar Decathlon 2019”
(MDPI, 2020) Herrera-Limones, Rafael; Rey Pérez, Julia; Hernández Valencia, Miguel; Roa Fernández, Jorge; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
In recent times, teaching in higher education has undergone a significant transformation. Current advances and innovative proposals in educational science research are centred around a transdisciplinary approach, the so-called integrated curriculum and the incorporation of the transversal concept of sustainability. In summary, the so-called learning processes through problem-solving. The Solar Decathlon Competition is the most prestigious international university student competition for sustainable habitat. The aim of this article is to show how the Aura Strategy, developed by the University of Seville Solar Decathlon Team to participate in the Solar Decathlon 2019 Latin America and Europe competitions, is aligned with the aforementioned proposals. Among the results, the generation of a transforming teaching network of the departmental structures in the University of Seville is to be highlighted. These transformations in teaching lead students to new, broader and more holistic approaches to study, as well as new capabilities and skills. The question of interdisciplinarity requires new tools and research lines to achieve successful implementation in higher education, and the participation in the Solar Decathlon Competition is one of them.
Students’ thermal and indoor air quality perception in secondary schools in a Mediterranean climate
(Elsevier, 2025-04-15) Alonso Carrillo, Alicia; Suárez, Rafael; Llanos-Jiménez, Jesús; Muñoz González, Carmen María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of achieving adequate indoor air quality (IAQ) and addressing its impact on hygrothermal conditions has become paramount. Environmental quality in classrooms significantly influences students’ health, well-being, and academic performance. Natural ventilation faces challenges related to efficiency and thermal comfort, even the development of recent standards focuses on the continuous measurement of CO2 to enhance health and well-being. This study addresses a research gap by simultaneously addressing both thermal comfort (TC) and IAQ analyses, focusing on students’ perceptions across seasons in secondary schools within the Mediterranean climate of southern Spain. A field study conducted between 2022 and 2023 involved long-term monitoring and 1,056 surveys from students aged 12–18 in 54 classrooms across seven schools. Data were collected during heating and non-heating periods in naturally ventilated spaces, analysing subjective perceptions and their relationship with objective parameters. Results show that high temperatures strongly influence thermal and air quality perceptions, while CO2 levels have minimal impact on Air Sensation Voting (ASV), even at concentrations exceeding 1,400 ppm. During non-heating seasons, 60 % of students reported thermal comfort at temperatures between 23-27 °C, while discomfort increased to 38 % at temperatures below 19 °C during heating seasons. Neutral temperatures derived from subjective impressions reveal significant seasonal variations. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) underestimated actual sensations, particularly during cold seasons in warm climates. These findings highlight the impact of outdoor temperatures on students’ perceptions and offer insights for refining comfort models and adapting ventilation strategies to improve learning environments in schools.
Levantamiento y análisis del molino hidráulico del Marqués de los Vélez de Oria (Almería): correspondencia entre planimetría histórica y situación actual
(Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2024-12-27) Moya Muñoz, Jorge; Angulo Fornos, Roque; González Serrano, Ana María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. HUM779: Estrategias de Conocimiento Patrimonial
La mayoría de las huertas históricas de origen medieval de la provincia de Almería cuentan con molinos hidráulicos como principales unidades productivas encargadas de obtener harina para el alimento de la población. De entre ellas, destaca por sus dimensiones y recursos estilísticos el conocido como el molino del “Cubo Alto” de Oria, sobre el que no recae, actualmente, ningún tipo de protección patrimonial. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en generar y difundir conocimiento en torno a dicha edificación. La existencia de planimetría asociada a la reconstrucción del molino, en el año 1818, ha posibilitado establecer tanto una comparación formal como constructiva respecto al edificio actual. Este análisis permite proponer hipótesis de las variantes existentes entre el molino colapsado inicialmente, la ejecución de las obras de reconstrucción, previstas en el siglo XIX, y las realizadas finalmente. Se utilizan las herramientas de los modelos digitales para llevar a cabo el levantamiento y el análisis del molino actual.
An approach to modelling envelope airtightness in multi-family social housing in Mediterranean Europe based on the situation in Spain
(Elsevier, 2016) Fernández-Agüera, Jessica; Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel; Sendra, Juan J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
Building hygrothermal performance, indoor air quality and energy consumption depend heavily on envelope airtightness. Over the last three decades, single-family dwellings have been amply studied in this respect by researchers in North Europe, the United States and Canada. However, very few studies have been conducted on airtightness in multi-family housing in warm climates such as Mediterranean Europe. Thispaper aims to enhance theunderstanding of building airtightness inearly twenty-first-centurymultifamily buildings in southern Spain. Blower Door tests were conducted in 45 units in seven such buildings. The main airtightness parameter values found are reported and compared to the data for other buildings in southern Europe. The paper includes a statistical analysis of the findings, characterises building types and describes the protocol used to identify and quantify air leakage pathways. The conclusion drawn is that although a rough predictive model can be developed, the results are widely scattered due to the impact of the random component of manual construction, even in buildings with identical construction characteristics and types. The values recorded are nonetheless consistent with the findings for other European surveys.
Hybrid ventilation in a nearly Zero-Energy Building as a function of Users' 2 habits for better indoor air quality and thermal comfort in a warm climate
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Borrallo Jimenez, Milagrosa; Esquivias Fernández, Paula Matilde; Fernández-Agüera, Jessica; López de Asiain Alberich, María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA)
During the design stage of a detached house located in warm climate, passive strategies were integrated and a high-energy efficiency qualification was achieved in accordance with the Spanish Building Technical Code (CTE). During the execution phase, an elevated level of control was carried out to guarantee airtightness and thermal insulation quality according to the specifications of the project. A hybrid ventilation system was designed and installed as it was allowed under Spanish regulations for residential buildings, but as a legislative exception. The mechanical part of the hybrid ventilation system was deactivated by the owner due to his cultural perception that effective ventilation can only be achieved by opening windows. Consequently, with the operable aerators closed, ventilation relied solely on traditional Mediterranean airing habits, impacting both the indoor air change rate and subsequently, indoor air quality and thermal comfort. This research aims to assess whether satisfactory levels of thermal comfort and indoor air quality can be attained solely through these airing habits, thus questioning the necessity of active strategies to meet the indoor air change rate requirements. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality are evaluated based on indoor environmental data correlated with users’ declared ventilation habits.
Enhancing 3D-printed clay models for heritage restoration through 3D scanning
(MDPI, 2024-11-25) Diz Mellado, Eduardo María; Pérez Fenoy, José; Mudarra Mata, Miguel; Rivera-Gómez, Carlos; Galán-Marín, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206
Recent development of methodologies based on digital twins through 3D scanning and 3D printing has increased over the past decade, offering new possibilities in manufacturing, production and scaling of models’ applications. However, there are few examples of the application of model digitization technologies for the restoration of ceramic-built heritage by means of 3D modelling. That is why this research focuses on the application of these advanced methodologies to the recovery of architectural ceramic ornamental objects in heritage buildings. Deteriorated ceramic pieces are selected and scanned during field campaigns using 3D scanning technology in early 20th century heritage sites in Seville (Spain). The aim is to create accurate replicas of these damaged objects by 3D printing with clay using non-invasive techniques. The study stands out for its practical approach and its implications for the conservation of built cultural heritage. The results proved effective for replacing lost or damaged elements in a heritage context. Once the investment in the necessary equipment and technologies has been made, the use of clay as a material for 3D printing not only proves feasible but also offers advantages in terms of cost and time savings for repairs compared to traditional restoration techniques. In the present investigation the production time of similar pieces using 3D printing took 6.3–10.9 h while traditional methods take over a week. The application of these technologies represents an advancement in integrating modern methods into cultural heritage conservation, opening new possibilities for the preservation of history and art worldwide.

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