Artículos (Psicología Experimental)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11075

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"Am I the only one who will Spread the Virus?": Impact of Public Stigma Towards the East Asian Population Living in Spain Related to COVID-19
(Springer, 2025) Muñoz del Pino, Iris María; Saavedra Macías, Francisco Javier; Pérez Vallejos, Elvira; Psicología Experimental
Previous studies have suggested that COVID-19 led to an increase in stigma towards the Asian population with a negative impact on their health. This study aims to explore this phenomenon and its impact on health through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 people of Asian origin living in Spain from September 2020 to September 2021. Among the results, it was found that, prior to the pandemic, discrimination was mostly verbal. After the outbreak of the pandemic, some participants, who were blamed and referred to as "COVID", experienced fear and physical aggression. Among the health effects, mental and social disturbances such as feeling like "permanent foreigners", worrying about being stigmatized or fear of interacting with others were prominent. The main protective factor was the support network, including education and community cohesion as main determinants. Future research is needed to analyse the evolution of this stigma after the pandemic and to explore in detail its impact on health.
Myths About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Becoming a Professional: Influence of Gender and Degree in College Students
(MDPI, 2025) Rebollo Catalán, María Ángeles; García Pérez, Rafael; Cubero Pérez, Mercedes; Bascón Díaz, Miguel Jesús; Mata Benítez, Manuel de La; Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación; Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
The acceptance of myths about intimate partner violence against women by university students can lead to inappropriate and biased professional interventions due to their gender blindness. The aim of this study is to analyze the acceptance of myths about IPVAW among college students, considering differences by gender and degree course. To do this, we conducted a survey with 1531 first-year college students (55.8% women; mean age 18.89 years) and found that a third of the students did not reject the IPVAW myths and a third of them normalized violence. We also found a higher level of acceptance of violence minimization myths in men than in women, especially in Social Sciences and Engineering. The study reveals the need to educate future professionals about IPVAW myths, with an emphasis on minimization and normalization of violence. It also provides useful information for designing awareness programs.
Stabilization of apoptotic cells: generation of zombie cells
(Macmillan Publishers, 2014-08-14) Oropesa-Ávila, M.; Andrade-Talavera, Yuniesky; Garrido-Maraver, J.; Cordero, M. D.; Mata, M. de la; Cotán, D.; Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet; Sánchez-Alcázar, J.; Fisiología Médica y Biofísica; Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social. España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía; AEPMI (Asociación de Enfermos de Patología Mitocondrial)
Apoptosis is characterized by degradation of cell components but plasma membrane remains intact. Apoptotic microtubule network (AMN) is organized during apoptosis forming a cortical structure beneath plasma membrane that maintains plasma membrane integrity. Apoptotic cells are also characterized by high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that can be potentially harmful for the cell. The aim of this study was to develop a method that allows stabilizing apoptotic cells for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. By using a cocktail composed of taxol (a microtubule stabilizer), Zn2+ (a caspase inhibitor) and coenzyme Q10 (a lipid antioxidant), we were able to stabilize H460 apoptotic cells in cell cultures for at least 72 h, preventing secondary necrosis. Stabilized apoptotic cells maintain many apoptotic cell characteristics such as the presence of apoptotic microtubules, plasma membrane integrity, low intracellular calcium levels and mitochondrial polarization. Apoptotic cell stabilization may open new avenues in apoptosis detection and therapy.
Sense of coherence in Spanish-speaking countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2024) Escobar Segovia, Kenny; Domínguez Salas, Sara; García Iglesias, Juan Jesús; López López, Daniel; Allande Cussó, Regina; Romero Ruiz, Adolfo; Gómez Salgado, Juan; Psicología Experimental; Enfermería
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the sense of coherence (SOC) in the Spanish-speaking population during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases in August 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the critical appraisal tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the review, which demonstrated that high SOC is associated with improved coping styles, a reduced incidence of mental disorders, and greater resilience to traumatic events. The findings indicated that SOC acts as a crucial protective factor in diverse population groups, including health professionals, university students, and older adults, particularly during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic. Conclusions: The study concludes that there are significant benefits for the mental and physical health of the population, regardless of cultural context, to be gained from strengthening the SOC. It is therefore essential that interventions which enhance the SOC are implemented in order to improve public health in times of crisis. Furthermore, it is crucial that SOC measurement instruments are validated in different cultural contexts in order to ensure the reliability and validity of the results obtained.
A domain-based framework for cognitive profile identification in Parkinson's disease across diverse samples
(Frontiers Media, 2025) Andújar Castillo, Elvira; Carrillo Molina, Carla; Villanueva Iza, Clara; Fernández Pajarín, Gustavo; Sesar, Ángel; Jiménez Martín, Isabel; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Nombela Otero, Cristina; Psicología Experimental; Medicina; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms and heterogeneous cognitive impairments influenced by factors such as age, disease duration, and severity. Traditional neuropsychological assessments often fall short in capturing the multifaceted nature of PD-related cognitive dysfunction due to their reliance on single test metrics. This study provides empirical support for the implementation of domain-based cognitive assessments, structured in line with Movement Disorder Society recommendations, to provide a multidimensional evaluation of cognitive profiles in PD patients. Methods: Neuropsychological and clinical data were analyzed from 316 PD patients recruited from three Spanish hospitals—Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid), the University Complejo Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), and Hospital Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla)— and a control group of 96 older individuals, whose age difference from the PD group was statistically significant. Five cognitive domains were constructed, addressing attention/working memory, executive functions, memory, visuospatial abilities, and language, using composite z-scores derived from standardized neuropsychological tests. Results: Latent Cluster Analysis identified three distinct cognitive profiles: (1) a fronto-striatal profile characterized by mild deficits in executive and attention functions and intact visuospatial abilities, (2) a posterior cortical profile marked by severe memory and visuospatial impairments but strong language performance, and (3) a preserved profile displaying mild deficits across multiple domains. Comparisons between PD clusters and controls revealed significant differences in cognitive trajectories, emphasizing the value of a domain-based approach for differentiating neurodegenerative patterns from normal aging. Discussion: The findings highlight the potential of domain-based assessments to unify data across diverse samples, fostering standardized cross-cohort comparisons and facilitating large-scale research initiatives. By enabling methodological consistency, this approach provides a robust framework for advancing the understanding of cognitive dysfunctions in PD and improving clinical decision-making.
“What Do We Do Now?”: Recommendations to Combat Professionals’ Public Stigma Against Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2025) Murvartian Carrascal, Lara; Saavedra Macías, Francisco Javier; Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Professionals’ public stigma toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) survivors represents a significant barrier to the recovery from violence. The aim was to analyze the actions that professionals working in various sectors involved in integrated care consider relevant to preventing professionals’ stigma. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 professionals working in Spain. A thematic analysis was employed. The recommendations suggested by the participants were divided into two main themes: actions to prevent stigma in society and actions to prevent stigma among professionals. The latter were further divided into individual-level actions and structural-level actions. Among the actions to prevent stigma in society, emphasis was placed on promoting gender equality in a cross-cutting manner. At the structural level, some of the suggestions were to provide institutions with resources and protocols to provide IPVAW-specialized services and to ensure competent professionals through effective training and community workspaces to facilitate group discussions and supervision, among other actions. Additionally, evaluating the real effectiveness of psychosocial intervention programs targeting survivors was suggested. At the individual level, professionals should engage in self-reflection regarding their own stigma and refer to other colleagues when necessary. A survivor-centered intervention model was also advocated, which seeks to empower women and is based on the strengths of survivors and healthy relationships. This also implied that social intervention professionals should address IPVAW before considering the removal of minors. This study offers relevant recommendations to combat the stigma at all levels, contributing to high-quality professional care for survivors.
Reduction in Prepulse Inhibition Following Acute Stress in Male and Female Wistar Rats
(Elsevier, 2025) Santos Carrasco, Daniel; Cintado García, María de los Ángeles; Casa Rivas, Luis Gonzalo de La; Psicología Experimental; Tecnología Electrónica
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is widely recognized as an operational index of sensorimotor gating. While its use in psychopharmacological studies has increased, it is essential to examine how different modulatory factors, such as emotional variables highlighted in human studies, influence PPI. To this end, this study aimed to assess the impact of acute stress on PPI and the startle response. We hypothesized that acute stress would reduce PPI and increase the startle response, potentially in a sex-dependent manner. To test this, male and female Wistar rats (n = 48) were exposed to acute stress via either forced swim test or inescapable footshocks treatment, with an untreated group serving as control. Immediately after stress exposure, PPI and the acoustic startle response were measured. Results revealed a significant reduction in PPI following both stressors, with no sex differences, suggesting that acute stress impairs sensorimotor gating regardless of sex. The startle response was reduced, again regardless of sex, in those animals subjected to the forced swim test as compared to those that received inescapable shock and those in the control group. These results may contribute to a deeper understanding of stress-induced alterations in sensorimotor gating and suggest a potential value for PPI as a translational measure in stress-related neuropsychiatric research. However, given the limitations of our current findings, further research is necessary to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms and the extent of PPI's translational utility in this context.
Brain Complexity and Parametrization of Power Spectral Density in Children with Specific Language Impairment
(MDPI, 2025) Angulo Ruiz, Brenda Yalitza; Rodríguez Martínez, Elena Isabel; Ruiz Martínez, Francisco Javier; Gómez Treviño, Alberto; Muñoz Burbano, Vanesa; Crespo, Sheyla Andalia; Gómez González, Carlos María; Psicología Experimental; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
This study examined spontaneous activity in children aged 3–11 years with specific language impairment (SLI) using an electroencephalogram (EEG). We compared SLI-diagnosed children with a normo-development group (ND). The signal complexity, multiscale entropy (MSE) and parameterized power spectral density (FOOOF) were analyzed, decomposing the PSD into its aperiodic (AP, proportional to 1/fx) and periodic (P) components. The results showed increases in complexity across scales in both groups. Although the topographic distributions were similar, children with SLI exhibited an increased AP component over a broad frequency range (13–45 Hz) in the medial regions. The P component showed differences in brain activity according to the frequency and region. At 9–12 Hz, ND presented greater central–anterior activity, whereas, in SLI, this was seen for posterior–central. At 33–36 Hz, anterior activity was greater in SLI than in ND. At 37–45 Hz, SLI showed greater activity than ND, with a specific increase in the left, medial and right regions at 41–45 Hz. These findings suggest alterations in the excitatory–inhibitory balance and impaired intra- and interhemispheric connectivity, indicating difficulties in neuronal modulation possibly associated with the cognitive and linguistic characteristics of SLI.
The effect of AD co‐pathology on cognitive phenotype and FDG‐PET patterns in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive impairment
(Wiley, 2024) Castro-Labrador, Sandra; Silva-Rodríguez, Jesús; Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel Á.; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Castellano Guerrero, Ana María; Macías García, Daniel; Jesús, Silvia; Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid; Ojeda-Lepe, Elena; Carrillo García, Fátima María; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; San Eufrasio, Manuela; Pérez-Calvo, Cristina; Ashton, Nicholas J.; Zetterberg, Henrik; Roldán Lora, Florinda; García Solís, David; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Grothe, Michel J.; Psicología Experimental; Medicina
EEG changes induced by dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease with impulse control disorders
(Elsevier, 2025) Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Iglesias Camacho, Elena; Gómez-Campos, Francisco J.; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Garrote-Espina, Lorena; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Jesús, Silvia; Macías García, Daniel; Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid; Carrillo García, Fátima María; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Psicología Experimental; Medicina
Objectives Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a common complication in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients undergoing dopaminergic therapy. Although neurophysiological markers of ICDs have been identified, the effect of dopaminergic therapy on these markers is not fully understood. This study investigates the effect of dopaminergic therapy on EEG oscillatory activity in PD patients with and without ICDs. Methods A total of 26 PD patients—14 with ICDs (PD + ICD) and 12 healthy controls (HC)—participated. EEG recordings were obtained during regular dopamine therapy (ON) and after overnight withdrawal (OFF). Spectral analysis assessed group differences in EEG activity and the effect of dopaminergic treatment, while correlations between neurophysiological parameters and impulsivity were analysed. Results Results showed increased theta power (4–7.5 Hz) in the fronto-central regions of PD+ICD patients in the OFF state compared to healthy controls. In the ON state, PD+ICD patients showed increased frontal high beta (21–30 Hz) and central alpha (8–12 Hz) activity. Frontal beta activity correlated with impulsivity, independent of treatment dose. Conclusions PD + ICD patients show distinct neurophysiological profiles influenced by dopaminergic treatment, highlighting the modulatory effect of therapy on EEG patterns in these patients. Significance This study highlights the modulatory effect of dopaminergic therapy on EEG oscillatory patterns in PD patients with ICDs.
Association of Physical Exercise With Structural Brain Changes and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Early Parkinson Disease
(Wolters Kluwer, 2025) Díaz-Galván, Patricia; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Silva Rodríguez, Jesús; Castro-Labrador, Sandra; Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel Á.; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Grothe, Michel J.; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Psicología Experimental; Medicina; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Union (UE); Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
Background and Objectives Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity is associated with a better clinical and cognitive course in Parkinson disease (PD), yet whether these effects are subserved by structural brain alterations are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether regular physical activity associates with a reduced longitudinal rate of neurodegeneration and slower cognitive decline in PD. Methods In this longitudinal, observational cohort study, we used data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. We included patients with early PD who had serial assessments of regular physical activity, measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, along with serial MRI scans from at least 2 time points over 4 years of follow-up. Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were calculated using established procedures. We used multivariate linear mixed-effects models to analyze the effect of regular physical activity on the progression of MRI parameters over time. We further used mediation models with nonparametric bootstrap to test mediation effects of longitudinal structural brain changes on the association between regular physical activity and longitudinal cognitive functioning. Results A total of 120 patients with early PD were included (mean [SD] age = 60.8 [9.3] years; 33% women). Average regular physical activity levels over time were significantly associated with slower cortical thinning in temporoparietal cortical regions, including the lateral temporal cortex, the fusiform gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the inferior parietal cortex (p < 0.05). Regular physical activity levels over time were also associated with slower volume loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala (p < 0.05). The association of regular physical activity with slower decline in memory and attention functions was mediated by slower decreases in temporoparietal cortical thickness (βPASE-HVLT, = 0.06, p = 0.050; βPASE-SDMT = 0.04, p = 0.017) and hippocampal volume (βPASE-SDMT = 0.03, p = 0.016). Discussion Regular physical activity is associated with a slower rate of neurodegeneration in the temporoparietal cortex and limbic areas in PD, which contributes to preserved cognitive function and improved long-term outcomes. This supports regular physical activity as a key intervention to delay disease progression and improve quality of life in patients with PD.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the VIA-72 Strengths Inventory
(MDPI, 2025) Varela Figueroa, Francisco; García Jiménez, María; Antequera Jurado, Rosario; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
The Values in Action Inventory (VIA) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing character strengths. While the original version includes 240 items, shorter versions such as the VIA-72 have been developed to enhance its applicability. Psychometric studies of the VIA-72 in Spanish are still limited. This study examined the factorial structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Spanish VIA-72 in a sample of 470 adults. Three alternative models—comprising three, five, and six factors—were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. All models showed acceptable fit, but the three-factor solution—Caring, Self-Control, and Inquisitiveness—showed the best performance in terms of parsimony, fit indices, and conceptual clarity. Internal consistency for the three-factor model was high across dimensions and comparable to previous studies. Convergent validity was supported through meaningful correlations with personality traits, particularly with conscientiousness. The factorial structure largely replicated findings obtained with both VIA-72 and VIA-240. These results support the Spanish VIA-72 as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing character strengths, offering a concise, theory-based alternative for Spanish-speaking populations.
The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States: A Reliable and Valid Measure of Emotional Functioning for Chronic Pain Patients
(MDPI, 2025) López Jiménez, Celia María; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Sanduvete Chaves, Susana; Chacón Moscoso, Salvador; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT). Chile; European Union (UE). H2020; Universidad de Sevilla; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
Background: Although the Profile of Mood States has been proposed by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to measure emotional functioning in chronic pain patients, it has not yet been validated in these patients. Objective: To confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States (37 items) in patients with chronic pain. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the theoretical structure of six factors that result in a Total Mood Disturbance episode: Tension–Anxiety (six items), Depression–Dejection (eight items), Anger–Hostility (seven items), Vigor–Activity (six items), Fatigue–Inertia (five items), and Confusion–Bewilderment (five items). Participants: A total of 588 patients with chronic pain from Spanish primary care health and community centers completed the questionnaire. Results: The factors presented adequate reliability coefficients, McDonald’s Omega (ω) between 0.77 and 0.91, and appropriate average discrimination indexes (D), ranging from 0.35 to 0.67. The Total Mood Disturbance yielded excellent results, ω = 0.95, D = 0.61. The original structure was confirmed, ECVI = 4.361 (saturated ECVI = 2.395; independent ECVI = 21.855); RMSEA = 0.070, 90% CI [0.067, 0.072]; GFI = 0.974; AGFI = 0.971; CFI = 0.853; NFI = 0.812; and NNFI = 0.843. Conclusions: The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States has been proven to be a valid and reliable measure of emotional functioning in chronic pain patients.
Cortical volumetry and longitudinal cognitive changes in Parkinson’s disease: insights from the COPPADIS cohort
(Springer, 2025) Álvarez-Avellón, Tania; Solares, Carmen; Álvarez‑Carriles, Juan; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Diaz‑Galvan, Patricia; Santos-García, Diego; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Menéndez‑González, Manuel; Psicología Experimental; Medicina; Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético; Alpha Bioresearch; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; European Union (UE)
Cognitive decline is a major non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often linked to brain atrophy. This study examines the relationship between cortical atrophy and age groups in predicting cognitive decline in PD over five years. 188 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were stratified by age: young (30–55 years, N = 47), middle-aged (56–65 years, N = 59), and older adults (66–75 years, N = 82). Baseline cortical volume was assessed using T1-weighted MRI, and cognitive decline was evaluated using the annual rate of change of the Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS). Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied to evaluate group differences. Main analyses consist of several multiple regression analyses to examine associations between baseline brain atrophy and cognitive decline by age group. Older adults exhibited significantly greater cognitive decline in comparison to the younger age groups in the three compose scores of the PDCRS -Fronto-subcortical (H(2) = 41.08, p < 0.001), Posterior Cortical (H(2) = 22.03, p < 0.001), and Total(H(2) = 41.13, p < 0.001). Higher educational level has a significant positive effect on older adults, specifically for working memory performance, delayed verbal memory and the fronto-subcortical composed score. Multiple regression models underscored the predictive value of the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex, right precuneus, and right isthmus cingulate gyrus, together with being an older adult or having a higher education. MRI measures, age, and education predict cognitive decline in PD. Longitudinal assessments are essential for refining atrophy-cognition correlations and optimizing patient stratification.
Editorial: Current status of neural networks that subserve emotion and cognition–unraveling the complex brain through multidisciplinary contributions in awake brain surgery
(Frontiers Media, 2025) Martín Monzón, Isabel; Alverne Freitas de Albuquerque, Lucas; Cervio, Andrés; Crivelli, Lucia; Psicología Experimental
Is Sexting More of a Virtual or Gender Challenge? Factors Behind Non-Consensual Forwarding Among Adolescents
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Ojeda Pérez, Mónica; García Jiménez, María; Durán Segura, Mercedes; Rey Alamillo, Rosario del; Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación; Psicología Experimental; Psicología Social; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ayuntamiento de Sevilla
The increase in unauthorized dissemination of erotic-sexual content, and the resulting forwarding chains, has emerged as a concerning manifestation of cyberviolence among adolescents that needs to be addressed. This research explored the factors associated with the persistence of involvement in, and repeated victimization through, non-consensual forwarding. A total of 2604 adolescents (53.4% female) aged 11–19 years (M = 14.89; SD = 2.04) participated. Two subsamples were identified: those who had repeatedly engaged in non-consensual forwarding (n = 213) and those who had frequently been the victim of non-consensual forwarding (n = 297). Sexism, gender, and cyberbullying proved to be the main relevant factors in the persistence of this form of cyberviolence. Specifically, both benevolent and hostile sexism predicted persistent engagement in non-consensual forwarding, although hostile sexism predicted it in boys, not girls. Cyberbullying predicted the repeated victimization of non-consensual forwarding. The co-occurrence with cyberbullying reinforces the notion that non-consensual forwarding may serve as a mechanism for victim harm. Gender and cyberbullying victimization also predicted victimization by non-consensual forwarding, but the results had very small effect sizes. These findings underline the high relevance of sexism and gender in understanding what drives adolescents to persist in non-consensual forwarding. The results are discussed in light of potential normalization processes that may underlie the repetition of these behaviors. Key elements for developing prevention programs to eradicate this type of cyberviolence among youth are identified.
Simultaneous Analysis of Early Components P1 and N1 and Phase and Non-Phase Alpha Activities Associated with Word Recall
(MDPI, 2025) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; Navarro Martos, Remedios; Narbona González, Natividad; Martín Clemente, Rubén; Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Psicología Experimental
The study of non-phase modulation of different frequencies in the human electroencephalography (EEG) is revealing new mechanisms involved in information processing. In particular, it has been described that the alpha band, through a desynchronization of its non-phase component, could represent a mechanism for sensory gain in visual stimulus processing. One key question to address is whether this activity can be modulated (increased) by the recall of a previously memorized stimulus. The objective of this study is to answer this question by recording EEG activity with 58 electrodes and applying time-frequency analysis techniques (Temporal Spectral Evolution and the Hilbert Transform) in a sample of 27 human participants during a word recall task. The results of the study showed an increase in alpha phase modulation for recalled words compared to not recalled words, which included modulation of the P1 component. Additionally, alpha non-phase modulation also increased for recalled words, suggesting that the enhanced P1 component response could, in fact, be an indirect result of the attenuation of background neural noise, as proposed by the sensory gain hypothesis.
Negotiating relationships within multispecies families: analysing dilemmas on humanisation of the bond
(Springer, 2025) López-Cepero Borrego, Javier; Español Nogueiro, Alicia; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental
The literature indicates that companions are frequently considered part of our families. But, what does it mean? This article examines how the relationship between humans and nonhuman animals is defined within the family organization. We organized three online focus groups interviews, and the analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis. The relationships with animals seemed to be based on four themes: (1) external limits (legal, moral, and biological) that frame the human-animal relationship; (2) participants’ perception of their role within the relationship (e.g. caregivers); (3) characteristics perceived in the animal that determine her inclusion as a member of the family; and (4) level of humanisation understood from a two-dimensional model: according to the similarity between species and the balance between the needs of humans and non-human animals. These findings provide new perspectives on multispecies families and highlight unresolved dilemmas in dominant social discourses.
Enseñanza remota de emergencia por COVID-19 en la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México
( Red de Investigadores Educativos Chihuahua AC, 2024) Rodríguez Ruiz, Sergio Guillermo; Manzano Arrondo, Vicente; Psicología Experimental
El confinamiento por COVID-19 obligó a las universidades en México a adoptar la enseñanza remota de emergencia (ERE) para dar continuidad a la educación. En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de la primera de tres fases de una investigación sobre prácticas docentes de profesores de la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México durante la ERE. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con tres profesores y tres estudiantes y sus respuestas fueron analizadas cualitativamente desde la perspectiva teórica del Marco de la comunidad de indagación para verificar la existencia de las distintas presencias que lo conforman: docente, social y cognitiva. Los resultados indican una tendencia más fuerte hacia la instrucción directa en comparación con la facilitación en la presencia docente, lo cual se ve reflejado, entre otros factores, por una carga mayor en el trabajo síncrono en contraposición con el asíncrono. La presencia social refleja pocas oportunidades para la socialización y cohesión grupal, así como una tendencia hacia el trabajo individual sobre el colaborativo. En la presencia cognitiva destaca la conveniencia de fortalecer las habilidades de indagación y la autorregulación de los estudiantes. Se concluye con algunas recomendaciones aplicables tanto a situaciones de ERE como a alternativas educativas multimodales
Predictive Modeling of Heart Rate from Respiratory Signals at Rest in Young Healthy Humans
(MDPI, 2024) Gómez González, Carlos María; Muñoz Burbano, Vanesa; Muñoz-Caracuel, Manuel; Psicología Experimental; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
Biological signals such as respiration (RSP) and heart rate (HR) are oscillatory and physiologically coupled, maintaining homeostasis through regulatory mechanisms. This report models the dynamic relationship between RSP and HR in 45 healthy volunteers at rest. Cross-correlation between RSP and HR was computed, along with regression analysis to predict HR from RSP and its first-order time derivative in continuous signals. A simulation model tested the possibility of replicating the RSP–HR relationship. Cross-correlation results showed a time lag in the sub-second range of these signals (849.21 ms ± SD 344.84). The possible modulation of HR by RSP was mediated by the RSP amplitude and its first-order time derivative (in 45 of 45 cases). A simulation of this process allowed us to replicate the physiological relationship between RSP and HR. These results provide support for understanding the dynamic interactions in cardiorespiratory coupling at rest, showing a short time lag between RSP and HR and a modulation of the HR signal by the first-order time derivative of the RSP. This dynamic would optionally be incorporated into dynamic models of resting cardiopulmonary coupling and suggests a mechanism for optimizing respiration in the alveolar system by promoting synchrony between the gases and hemoglobin in the alveolar pulmonary system.

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