Artículos (Psicología Experimental)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11075

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EEG changes induced by dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease with impulse control disorders
(Elsevier, 2025) Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Iglesias Camacho, Elena; Gómez-Campos, Francisco J.; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Garrote-Espina, Lorena; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Jesús, Silvia; Macías García, Daniel; Adarmes-Gómez, Astrid; Carrillo García, Fátima María; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Psicología Experimental; Medicina
Objectives Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a common complication in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients undergoing dopaminergic therapy. Although neurophysiological markers of ICDs have been identified, the effect of dopaminergic therapy on these markers is not fully understood. This study investigates the effect of dopaminergic therapy on EEG oscillatory activity in PD patients with and without ICDs. Methods A total of 26 PD patients—14 with ICDs (PD + ICD) and 12 healthy controls (HC)—participated. EEG recordings were obtained during regular dopamine therapy (ON) and after overnight withdrawal (OFF). Spectral analysis assessed group differences in EEG activity and the effect of dopaminergic treatment, while correlations between neurophysiological parameters and impulsivity were analysed. Results Results showed increased theta power (4–7.5 Hz) in the fronto-central regions of PD+ICD patients in the OFF state compared to healthy controls. In the ON state, PD+ICD patients showed increased frontal high beta (21–30 Hz) and central alpha (8–12 Hz) activity. Frontal beta activity correlated with impulsivity, independent of treatment dose. Conclusions PD + ICD patients show distinct neurophysiological profiles influenced by dopaminergic treatment, highlighting the modulatory effect of therapy on EEG patterns in these patients. Significance This study highlights the modulatory effect of dopaminergic therapy on EEG oscillatory patterns in PD patients with ICDs.
Association of Physical Exercise With Structural Brain Changes and Cognitive Decline in Patients With Early Parkinson Disease
(Wolters Kluwer, 2025) Díaz-Galván, Patricia; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Silva Rodríguez, Jesús; Castro-Labrador, Sandra; Labrador-Espinosa, Miguel Á.; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Grothe, Michel J.; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Psicología Experimental; Medicina; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Union (UE); Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
Background and Objectives Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity is associated with a better clinical and cognitive course in Parkinson disease (PD), yet whether these effects are subserved by structural brain alterations are largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether regular physical activity associates with a reduced longitudinal rate of neurodegeneration and slower cognitive decline in PD. Methods In this longitudinal, observational cohort study, we used data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. We included patients with early PD who had serial assessments of regular physical activity, measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, along with serial MRI scans from at least 2 time points over 4 years of follow-up. Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were calculated using established procedures. We used multivariate linear mixed-effects models to analyze the effect of regular physical activity on the progression of MRI parameters over time. We further used mediation models with nonparametric bootstrap to test mediation effects of longitudinal structural brain changes on the association between regular physical activity and longitudinal cognitive functioning. Results A total of 120 patients with early PD were included (mean [SD] age = 60.8 [9.3] years; 33% women). Average regular physical activity levels over time were significantly associated with slower cortical thinning in temporoparietal cortical regions, including the lateral temporal cortex, the fusiform gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the inferior parietal cortex (p < 0.05). Regular physical activity levels over time were also associated with slower volume loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala (p < 0.05). The association of regular physical activity with slower decline in memory and attention functions was mediated by slower decreases in temporoparietal cortical thickness (βPASE-HVLT, = 0.06, p = 0.050; βPASE-SDMT = 0.04, p = 0.017) and hippocampal volume (βPASE-SDMT = 0.03, p = 0.016). Discussion Regular physical activity is associated with a slower rate of neurodegeneration in the temporoparietal cortex and limbic areas in PD, which contributes to preserved cognitive function and improved long-term outcomes. This supports regular physical activity as a key intervention to delay disease progression and improve quality of life in patients with PD.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the VIA-72 Strengths Inventory
(MDPI, 2025) Varela Figueroa, Francisco; García Jiménez, María; Antequera Jurado, Rosario; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
The Values in Action Inventory (VIA) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing character strengths. While the original version includes 240 items, shorter versions such as the VIA-72 have been developed to enhance its applicability. Psychometric studies of the VIA-72 in Spanish are still limited. This study examined the factorial structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Spanish VIA-72 in a sample of 470 adults. Three alternative models—comprising three, five, and six factors—were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. All models showed acceptable fit, but the three-factor solution—Caring, Self-Control, and Inquisitiveness—showed the best performance in terms of parsimony, fit indices, and conceptual clarity. Internal consistency for the three-factor model was high across dimensions and comparable to previous studies. Convergent validity was supported through meaningful correlations with personality traits, particularly with conscientiousness. The factorial structure largely replicated findings obtained with both VIA-72 and VIA-240. These results support the Spanish VIA-72 as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing character strengths, offering a concise, theory-based alternative for Spanish-speaking populations.
The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States: A Reliable and Valid Measure of Emotional Functioning for Chronic Pain Patients
(MDPI, 2025) López Jiménez, Celia María; Cano García, Francisco Javier; Sanduvete Chaves, Susana; Chacón Moscoso, Salvador; Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Psicología Experimental; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT). Chile; European Union (UE). H2020; Universidad de Sevilla; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
Background: Although the Profile of Mood States has been proposed by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to measure emotional functioning in chronic pain patients, it has not yet been validated in these patients. Objective: To confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States (37 items) in patients with chronic pain. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the theoretical structure of six factors that result in a Total Mood Disturbance episode: Tension–Anxiety (six items), Depression–Dejection (eight items), Anger–Hostility (seven items), Vigor–Activity (six items), Fatigue–Inertia (five items), and Confusion–Bewilderment (five items). Participants: A total of 588 patients with chronic pain from Spanish primary care health and community centers completed the questionnaire. Results: The factors presented adequate reliability coefficients, McDonald’s Omega (ω) between 0.77 and 0.91, and appropriate average discrimination indexes (D), ranging from 0.35 to 0.67. The Total Mood Disturbance yielded excellent results, ω = 0.95, D = 0.61. The original structure was confirmed, ECVI = 4.361 (saturated ECVI = 2.395; independent ECVI = 21.855); RMSEA = 0.070, 90% CI [0.067, 0.072]; GFI = 0.974; AGFI = 0.971; CFI = 0.853; NFI = 0.812; and NNFI = 0.843. Conclusions: The Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States has been proven to be a valid and reliable measure of emotional functioning in chronic pain patients.
Cortical volumetry and longitudinal cognitive changes in Parkinson’s disease: insights from the COPPADIS cohort
(Springer, 2025) Álvarez-Avellón, Tania; Solares, Carmen; Álvarez‑Carriles, Juan; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Diaz‑Galvan, Patricia; Santos-García, Diego; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Menéndez‑González, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético; Alpha Bioresearch; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; European Union (UE)
Cognitive decline is a major non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often linked to brain atrophy. This study examines the relationship between cortical atrophy and age groups in predicting cognitive decline in PD over five years. 188 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were stratified by age: young (30–55 years, N = 47), middle-aged (56–65 years, N = 59), and older adults (66–75 years, N = 82). Baseline cortical volume was assessed using T1-weighted MRI, and cognitive decline was evaluated using the annual rate of change of the Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS). Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied to evaluate group differences. Main analyses consist of several multiple regression analyses to examine associations between baseline brain atrophy and cognitive decline by age group. Older adults exhibited significantly greater cognitive decline in comparison to the younger age groups in the three compose scores of the PDCRS -Fronto-subcortical (H(2) = 41.08, p < 0.001), Posterior Cortical (H(2) = 22.03, p < 0.001), and Total(H(2) = 41.13, p < 0.001). Higher educational level has a significant positive effect on older adults, specifically for working memory performance, delayed verbal memory and the fronto-subcortical composed score. Multiple regression models underscored the predictive value of the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex, right precuneus, and right isthmus cingulate gyrus, together with being an older adult or having a higher education. MRI measures, age, and education predict cognitive decline in PD. Longitudinal assessments are essential for refining atrophy-cognition correlations and optimizing patient stratification.
Editorial: Current status of neural networks that subserve emotion and cognition–unraveling the complex brain through multidisciplinary contributions in awake brain surgery
(Frontiers Media, 2025) Martín Monzón, Isabel; Alverne Freitas de Albuquerque, Lucas; Cervio, Andrés; Crivelli, Lucia; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
Is Sexting More of a Virtual or Gender Challenge? Factors Behind Non-Consensual Forwarding Among Adolescents
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Ojeda Pérez, Mónica; García Jiménez, María; Durán Segura, Mercedes; Rey Alamillo, Rosario del; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Social; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ayuntamiento de Sevilla
The increase in unauthorized dissemination of erotic-sexual content, and the resulting forwarding chains, has emerged as a concerning manifestation of cyberviolence among adolescents that needs to be addressed. This research explored the factors associated with the persistence of involvement in, and repeated victimization through, non-consensual forwarding. A total of 2604 adolescents (53.4% female) aged 11–19 years (M = 14.89; SD = 2.04) participated. Two subsamples were identified: those who had repeatedly engaged in non-consensual forwarding (n = 213) and those who had frequently been the victim of non-consensual forwarding (n = 297). Sexism, gender, and cyberbullying proved to be the main relevant factors in the persistence of this form of cyberviolence. Specifically, both benevolent and hostile sexism predicted persistent engagement in non-consensual forwarding, although hostile sexism predicted it in boys, not girls. Cyberbullying predicted the repeated victimization of non-consensual forwarding. The co-occurrence with cyberbullying reinforces the notion that non-consensual forwarding may serve as a mechanism for victim harm. Gender and cyberbullying victimization also predicted victimization by non-consensual forwarding, but the results had very small effect sizes. These findings underline the high relevance of sexism and gender in understanding what drives adolescents to persist in non-consensual forwarding. The results are discussed in light of potential normalization processes that may underlie the repetition of these behaviors. Key elements for developing prevention programs to eradicate this type of cyberviolence among youth are identified.
Simultaneous Analysis of Early Components P1 and N1 and Phase and Non-Phase Alpha Activities Associated with Word Recall
(MDPI, 2025) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; Navarro Martos, Remedios; Narbona González, Natividad; Martín Clemente, Rubén; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
The study of non-phase modulation of different frequencies in the human electroencephalography (EEG) is revealing new mechanisms involved in information processing. In particular, it has been described that the alpha band, through a desynchronization of its non-phase component, could represent a mechanism for sensory gain in visual stimulus processing. One key question to address is whether this activity can be modulated (increased) by the recall of a previously memorized stimulus. The objective of this study is to answer this question by recording EEG activity with 58 electrodes and applying time-frequency analysis techniques (Temporal Spectral Evolution and the Hilbert Transform) in a sample of 27 human participants during a word recall task. The results of the study showed an increase in alpha phase modulation for recalled words compared to not recalled words, which included modulation of the P1 component. Additionally, alpha non-phase modulation also increased for recalled words, suggesting that the enhanced P1 component response could, in fact, be an indirect result of the attenuation of background neural noise, as proposed by the sensory gain hypothesis.
Negotiating relationships within multispecies families: analysing dilemmas on humanisation of the bond
(Springer, 2025) López-Cepero Borrego, Javier; Español Nogueiro, Alicia; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
The literature indicates that companions are frequently considered part of our families. But, what does it mean? This article examines how the relationship between humans and nonhuman animals is defined within the family organization. We organized three online focus groups interviews, and the analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis. The relationships with animals seemed to be based on four themes: (1) external limits (legal, moral, and biological) that frame the human-animal relationship; (2) participants’ perception of their role within the relationship (e.g. caregivers); (3) characteristics perceived in the animal that determine her inclusion as a member of the family; and (4) level of humanisation understood from a two-dimensional model: according to the similarity between species and the balance between the needs of humans and non-human animals. These findings provide new perspectives on multispecies families and highlight unresolved dilemmas in dominant social discourses.
Enseñanza remota de emergencia por COVID-19 en la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México
( Red de Investigadores Educativos Chihuahua AC, 2024) Rodríguez Ruiz, Sergio Guillermo; Manzano Arrondo, Vicente; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
El confinamiento por COVID-19 obligó a las universidades en México a adoptar la enseñanza remota de emergencia (ERE) para dar continuidad a la educación. En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de la primera de tres fases de una investigación sobre prácticas docentes de profesores de la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México durante la ERE. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con tres profesores y tres estudiantes y sus respuestas fueron analizadas cualitativamente desde la perspectiva teórica del Marco de la comunidad de indagación para verificar la existencia de las distintas presencias que lo conforman: docente, social y cognitiva. Los resultados indican una tendencia más fuerte hacia la instrucción directa en comparación con la facilitación en la presencia docente, lo cual se ve reflejado, entre otros factores, por una carga mayor en el trabajo síncrono en contraposición con el asíncrono. La presencia social refleja pocas oportunidades para la socialización y cohesión grupal, así como una tendencia hacia el trabajo individual sobre el colaborativo. En la presencia cognitiva destaca la conveniencia de fortalecer las habilidades de indagación y la autorregulación de los estudiantes. Se concluye con algunas recomendaciones aplicables tanto a situaciones de ERE como a alternativas educativas multimodales
Predictive Modeling of Heart Rate from Respiratory Signals at Rest in Young Healthy Humans
(MDPI, 2024) Gómez González, Carlos María; Muñoz Burbano, Vanesa; Muñoz-Caracuel, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
Biological signals such as respiration (RSP) and heart rate (HR) are oscillatory and physiologically coupled, maintaining homeostasis through regulatory mechanisms. This report models the dynamic relationship between RSP and HR in 45 healthy volunteers at rest. Cross-correlation between RSP and HR was computed, along with regression analysis to predict HR from RSP and its first-order time derivative in continuous signals. A simulation model tested the possibility of replicating the RSP–HR relationship. Cross-correlation results showed a time lag in the sub-second range of these signals (849.21 ms ± SD 344.84). The possible modulation of HR by RSP was mediated by the RSP amplitude and its first-order time derivative (in 45 of 45 cases). A simulation of this process allowed us to replicate the physiological relationship between RSP and HR. These results provide support for understanding the dynamic interactions in cardiorespiratory coupling at rest, showing a short time lag between RSP and HR and a modulation of the HR signal by the first-order time derivative of the RSP. This dynamic would optionally be incorporated into dynamic models of resting cardiopulmonary coupling and suggests a mechanism for optimizing respiration in the alveolar system by promoting synchrony between the gases and hemoglobin in the alveolar pulmonary system.
Life satisfaction of adopted and non-adopted adolescents in four European countries
(Springer, 2025) Ferrari, Laura; Koumantakis, E.; Ranieri, Sonia; Charrier, L.; Román Rodríguez, Maite; Cáceres Campos, Isabel María; Miller, Laurie C.; Moreno Rodríguez, María del Carmen; Rivera de los Santos, Francisco José; Berchialla, Paola; Comoretto, R. I.; Carrera, Pablo; Pérouse de Montclos, Marie-Odile; Theie, Steinar; Palacios González, Jesús; Rosnati, Rosa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Adoptees, a group of children consistently shown to be at higher risk of psychosocial difficulties, face particular challenges during adolescence. However, few studies address the well-being of adopted adolescents, and cross-cultural comparisons are rarely reported. The present study assessed the life satisfaction of internationally adopted and non-adopted adolescents living in four European countries. An overall sample of 776 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were performed to investigate the association between adoption status and life satisfaction. Adoptees were found at higher risk for low life satisfaction across countries compared to their non-adopted peers (OR = 5.73, 95%CI 2.70-12.16). Friend support was a protective factor, while poor communication with parents was a risk factor for low life satisfaction in both groups. Our findings highlighted the importance of promoting family and social relationships to support the well-being of adopted and non-adopted adolescents in diverse European countries.
Addressing the sources of inter-subject variability in E-field parameters in anodal tDCS stimulation over motor cortical network
(IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2024) Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Callejón Leblic, María Amparo; Reina Tosina, Luis Javier; Roa Romero, Laura María; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía
Objetive: . Although transcranial direct current stimulation constitutes a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with promising results in a great variety of applications, its clinical implementation is compromised by the high inter-subject variability reported. This study aims to analyze the inter-subject variability in electric fields (E-fields) over regions of the cortical motor network under two electrode montages: the classical C3Fp2 and an alternative P3F3, which confines more the E-field over this region. Approach. Computational models of the head of 98 healthy subjects were developed to simulate the E-field under both montages. E-field parameters such as magnitude, focality and orientation were calculated over three regions of interest (ROI): M1S1, supplementary motor area (SMA) and preSMA. The role of anatomical characteristics as a source of inter-subject variability on E-field parameters and individualized stimulation intensity were addressed using linear mixed-effect models.Main results. P3F3 showed a more confined E-field distribution over M1S1 than C3Fp2; the latter elicited higher E-fields over supplementary motor areas. Both montages showed high inter-subject variability, especially for the normal component over C3Fp2. Skin, bone and CSF ROI volumes showed a negative association with E-field magnitude irrespective of montage. Grey matter volume and montage were the main sources of variability for focality. The curvature of gyri was found to be significantly associated with the variability of normal E-fields.Significance. Computational modeling proves useful in the assessment of E-field variability. Our simulations predict significant differences in E-field magnitude and focality for C3Fp2 and P3F3. However, anatomical characteristics were also found to be significant sources of E-field variability irrespective of electrode montage. The normal E-field component better captured the individual variability and low rate of responder subjects observed in experimental studies.
A systematic review of the use of blogs and vlogs as self-expressors for people with serious and common mental illness
(Springer, 2025) Muñoz-del-Pino, Iris María; Matías García, José Antonio; Saavedra Macías, Francisco Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
The use of blogs and vlogs by people with serious mental illness (SMI) and common mental illness (CMI) has attracted increasing academic interest due to the development of online illness narratives. This systematic review aims to explore the use of blogs and vlogs, identifying their narratives and characteristics, perceived benefits and adverse effects associated os their use. This would allow us to know the influence of this type of media on authors’ personal recovery. Following PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search of four databases was conducted, using terms such as ‘blog’, ‘vlog’ and ‘serious mental illness’ among the most relevant. The selected articles were empirical studies, written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2014 to 2024 and explored the use of blogs and vlogs by people with SMI and CMI. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Self-expression narratives on these platforms tend to be first-person and address issues such as stigma, barriers to treatment and self-management of symptoms. Key benefits include the creation of support networks, reduction of social isolation and individual empowerment, all of which are intrinsically related to personal recovery. However, risks were also identified, such as the possibility of employment discrimination and emotional vulnerability to negative comments. This review highlights the need for future research that explores cross-cultural experiences and provides a sound basis for the design of interventions that promote the positive use of blogs and vlogs in mental health recovery.
Impaired motor cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder in young adults
(Wiley, 2020-04-23) Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Ruiz Veguilla, Miguel; Álvarez de Toledo, Paloma; Aizpurúa Olaizola, Oier; Zarandona, Iratxe; Canal Rivero, Manuel; Rodríguez Baena, Antonio; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; Fundación Mutua Madrileña; Fundación Progreso y Salud; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología; Universidad de Sevilla
Maladaptive cortical plasticity has been described in individuals with heroin and methamphetamine addiction and may mediate other substance abuse disorders. It is unknown whether cannabis dependence in humans alters the capacity for induction of cortical plasticity. The aim of this study was to non-invasively investigate cortical plasticity with transcranial magnetic stimulation in young adults who meet DSM-5 criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Thirty men (ages 20– 30) who used cannabis daily over the previous 6 months (15 diagnosed of CUD) and 15 demographically matched non-users were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent two sessions of theta burst stimulation (TBS) in which either continuous TBS (cTBS; 600 pulses, 80% active motor threshold) or intermittent TBS (iTBS; 2-s train of cTBS repeated every 10 s for a total of 190 s, 600 pulses) was applied over the primary motor cortex. The effects of these protocols were assessed by analysing the contralateral motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The relationships between cortical plasticity and problematic cannabis use, degree of dependence, and nicotine addiction were also investigated. Significant MEP inhibition after cTBS was observed in both cannabis users without CUD and non-users, while this inhibition was not seen in cannabis users with CUD. Strikingly, less motor cortical plasticity was observed in subjects with severe problematic cannabis use. No significant differences between users and non-users were found in the iTBS-induced cortical plasticity measures. Our study provides the first evidence of maladaptive cortical plasticity associated with cannabis use disorder and problematic cannabis use in humans.
Short-afferent inhibition and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative review and challenges
(Elsevier, 2020-02-06) Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; Fundación Mutua Madrileña; Fundación Progreso y Salud; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología
Traditionally, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been considered a single neurotransmitter (dopaminergic) disease. However, research over the past 20 years has shed light on the involvement of multiple neurotransmission systems, in particular, the cholinergic system. Research has mainly focused on the role of this system in the pathophysiology of PD and its implications in the development of motor and non-motor disorders. Short-latency sensory afferent inhibition (SAI), investigates sensori-motor integration, and has emerged as a putative neurophysiological marker of cholinergic function in the human brain. In this quantitative review, a moderate-to-severe reduction in SAI was observed in PD patients. Furthermore, through moderator analysis, the impairment of SAI was shown to be associated with disease duration and therapeutic state. Patients under dopaminergic agents (“on” state) displayed worse SAI than those after dopaminergic agent withdrawal (“off”). We further assess the potential value of SAI as a marker of cognitive impairment in PD, and its association with four specific cognitive domains. This analysis revealed that patients with cognitive impairment displayed significantly lower levels of SAI than those without cognitive impairment. To conclude, a set of challenges to be addressed before SAI can be validated as a useful clinical tool in PD are presented.
Mujeres, ciencia y psicología: el ininterrumpido debate sobre el determinismo biológico
(Colegio Oficial de Psicología de Andalucía Occidental, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Huelva, Universidad de Sevilla, 2025) Sánchez González, Natividad; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
Aunque la psicología de género no fue reconocida como área de especialización hasta mediados del siglo XX, la construcción psicológica de la feminidad tiene un largo pasado que se remonta a la filosofía clásica. Este trabajo se centrará en considerar históricamente el papel que el determinismo biológico ha jugado en la conformación del espacio disciplinar de la psicología de género. Analizaré particularmente la contribución de la teoría de la evolución y de sus extensiones sociales y psicológicas que, usadas como argumento de autoridad científica, legitimaron usos sociales y sirvieron de barrera de contención ante las demandas feministas de la época. Se considerará la influencia de factores ajenos a lo científico en la determinación de sus modos de pensamiento, sus construcciones teóricas y sus prácticas. Examinaré, las reacciones al determinismo biológico, principalmente desde la psicología, que defendieron el origen social y cultural de las diferencias entre los sexos. Para concluir sostendré que el determinismo biológico todavía vigente especialmente en el campo de las neurociencias se basa en las mismas suposiciones que tiempo atrás y argumentando que el trabajo histórico puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor las dinámicas y las relaciones de poder actuales dentro de este dominio epistémico.
Sesgos de género: un análisis de los factores que contribuyen a la desigualdad en la investigación psicológica
(Colegio Oficial de Psicología de Andalucía Occidental, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Huelva, Universidad de Sevilla, 2025) García Jiménez, María; Trigo Sánchez, María Eva; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
Los sesgos de género que se producen en la investigación, si bien no siempre ocurren de forma consciente, contribuyen a mantener o acentuar las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres. Como ocurre en otras ciencias, la psicología tampoco es ajena a este tipo de errores sistemáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar en qué situaciones son susceptibles de aparecer este tipo de sesgos y de qué forma se cometen en la investigación en psicología. Para ello, se analiza el impacto que tienen dichos sesgos a lo largo de las distintas etapas que componen el proceso de una investigación psicológica, desde la formación del grupo de trabajo que realizará la investigación hasta el momento de su publicación. En cada etapa de investigación se proponen estrategias para evitar investigaciones potencialmente sesgadas sobre la base de ejemplos que sirven para ilustrar algunos sesgos de género que se han cometido en trabajos empíricos previos. Se concluye sobre la relevancia de la formación en y con perspectiva de género en los planes de estudio en psicología para favorecer una ciencia psicológica precisa y una práctica profesional de calidad.
Pensar despacio sobre las mujeres que sufren violencia machista
(Colegio Oficial de Psicología de Andalucía Occidental, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Huelva, Universidad de Sevilla, 2025) Cala Carrillo, María Jesús; García Jiménez, María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
Durante la intervención con mujeres que han sufrido algún tipo de violencia machista, diferentes profesionales tomarán decisiones (e.g., creerlas o no) y harán atribuciones a su comportamiento (por ejemplo, responsabilizarlas de la violencia que sufren) mediadas por creencias previas estereotipadas sobre las víctimas, en ocasiones erróneas. Esta actuación inadecuada de quienes supuestamente deben ayudarlas y/o protegerlas, puede llevar a una victimización secundaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es ilustrar la relevancia de dicho pensamiento estereotipado señalando el papel que juega en la toma de decisiones. Partiendo de la distinción del pensamiento rápido y pensamiento lento de Daniel Kahneman, nos centramos en el primero y en su relación con los estereotipos de género y el papel que juegan en nuestras atribuciones y toma de decisiones. Seguidamente profundizaremos en tres creencias estereotipadas sobre las mujeres que sufren violencia para contrastarlas con lo que desde la investigación psicológica se sabe sobre ellas y sus experiencias: (1) creer que las mujeres víctimas son pasivas, no se resisten a la violencia, (2) creer que mienten cuando la denuncia no se interpone inmediatamente después de un episodio de violencia y (3) creer que mienten si su relato presenta inconsistencias. El trabajo concluye resaltando la importancia de tomar conciencia sobre dichas creencias y la necesidad de reemplazarlas por un pensamiento basado en la evidencia científica para disminuir así el riesgo de victimización secundaria. Esto requiere, necesariamente, de una formación y especialización profesional con base en la investigación psicológica.
Equidad de los test psicológicos desde una perspectiva de género: análisis de buenas prácticas en psicometría
(Colegio Oficial de Psicología de Andalucía Occidental, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Huelva, Universidad de Sevilla, 2025) Rivera de los Santos, Francisco José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
Los test psicológicos son herramientas clave en la evaluación de características cognitivas, sociales, emocionales y comportamentales. En el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de dichos test se abordan de forma frecuente las evidencias de fiabilidad y validez, pero el análisis de la equidad, específicamente desde una perspectiva de género, sigue siendo un reto. Este artículo analiza las prácticas habituales en el abordaje de género en la construcción y análisis de estos instrumentos. A través de una revisión sistemática de 20 estudios publicados en el año 2023 en revistas especializadas del campo de la evaluación psicológica, se identifican buenas prácticas psicométricas para abordar la equidad de género. Los resultados muestran que, aunque algunos estudios incluyen análisis de funcionamiento diferencial de ítems (Differential Item Functioning, DIF) y pruebas de invarianza factorial, son pocos los que desglosan resultados por género o implementan medidas adecuadas y sistemáticas para abordar la equidad. El artículo propone una serie de recomendaciones para garantizar la equidad de género en la psicometría, destacando la importancia de integrar análisis diferenciados por género en todas las etapas del desarrollo y validación de los test psicológicos. Se concluye que una mayor atención a la equidad de género es esencial para evitar sesgos que distorsionen los resulta-dos y asegurar evaluaciones justas.

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