Artículos (Psicología Experimental)
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Artículo Laziness and competence: The discursive social construction of resilient learner identity(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2025) Matías García, José Antonio; Cubero Pérez, Mercedes; Cubero Pérez, Rosario; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónStudents from marginalised and impoverished areas face significant challenges that increase the likelihood of school dropout and social exclusion. However, some students exhibit a resilient trajectory, completing compulsory studies and pursuing education beyond that level. To do so, these students must construct a learner identity that is coherent with school continuation while navigating the difficulties present in their context. The objective of this article is to examine the social construction of the learner identity of students who present such a resilient trajectory. The sample consisted of four focus groups of post-compulsory education students from Spain. Their discourse was studied qualitatively through an I-position and voices analysis, examining their view of themselves, the voices of their parents, teachers, peers and people from their neighbourhood, and the student’s view of others. The results indicated that the students developed a ‘lazy but capable’ view of themselves, in line with the social discourses present in the voices of their parents, teachers, and peers. Their voices served as resources for identity construction in interaction, which allowed the students’ confrontation and navigation of several risk factors from their context. Additionally, the view of others (i.e. enriched neighbourhoods) impacted the students’ construction of themselves. Lastly, the transformation of negative past self-views as positive ones in the present was frequent. The implications for psychosocial interventions in vulnerable neighbourhoods are discussed.
Artículo Correction: Lower levels of uric acid and striatal dopamine in non-tremor dominant Parkinson's disease subtype(PLOS, 2017-04) Huertas, Ismael; Jesús, Silvia; Lojo, José Antonio; García-Gómez, Francisco Javier; Cáceres-Redondo, María Teresa; Oropesa-Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social; Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología; Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; Fundación Mutua Madrileña; Programa "PFIS"; Programa Río Hortega; Programa Sara Borrell; Programa Miguel ServetThere are errors in the funding section.Artículo Lower levels of uric acid and striatal dopamine in non-tremor dominant Parkinson's disease subtype(PLOS, 2017-03) Huertas, Ismael; Jesús, Silvia; Lojo, José Antonio; García-Gómez, Francisco Javier; Cáceres-Redondo, María Teresa; Oropesa-Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; Fundación Mutua Madrileña; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation; Sociedad Andaluza de NeurologíaParkinson’s disease (PD) patients who present with tremor and maintain a predominance of tremor have a better prognosis. Similarly, PD patients with high levels of uric acid (UA), a natural neuroprotectant, have also a better disease course. Our aim was to investigate whether PD motor subtypes differ in their levels of UA, and if these differences correlate with the degree of dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. We included 75 PD patients from whom we collected information about their motor symptoms, DAT imaging and UA concentration levels. Based on the predominance of their motor symptoms, patients were classified into postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD, n = 36), intermediate (I, n = 22), and tremor-dominant (TD, n = 17) subtypes. The levels of UA and striatal DAT were compared across subtypes and the correlation between these two measures was also explored. We found that PIGD patients had lower levels of UA (3.7 vs 4.5 vs 5.3 mg/dL; P<0.001) and striatal DAT than patients with an intermediate or TD phenotype. Furthermore, UA levels significantly correlated with the levels of striatal DAT. We also observed that some PIGD (25%) and I (45%) patients had a predominance of tremor at disease onset. We speculate that UA might be involved in the maintenance of the less damaging TD phenotype and thus also in the conversion from TD to PIGD. Low levels of this natural antioxidant could lead to a major neuronal damage and therefore influence the conversion to a more severe motor phenotype.Artículo Abnormal cerebellar connectivity and plasticity in isolated cervical dystonia(PLOS, 2019-01) Porcacchia, Paolo; Álvarez de Toledo, Paloma; Rodríguez-Baena, Antonio; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Palomar, Francisco J.; Vargas González, Laura; Jesús, Silvia; Koch, Giacomo; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social; Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz; Fundacion Mutua Madrilena; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Jaques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Sociedad Andaluza de NeurologíaThere is increasing evidence that supports the role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of dystonia. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to test the hypothesis that patients with cervical dystonia may have a disrupted cerebellar cortical connectivity at rest, and that cerebellar plasticity is altered too. We enrolled 12 patients with isolated cervical dystonia and 13 controls. A paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol was applied over the right cerebellum and the left primary motor area. Changes in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials were analysed. Continuous and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation over the cerebellum was also applied. The effects of these repetitive protocols on cortical excitability, on intra-cortical circuits and on cerebellar cortical inhibition were analysed. In healthy subjects, but not in dystonic patients, a conditioning stimulus over the cerebellum was able to inhibit the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials from primary motor cortex. In healthy subjects continuous and intermittent cerebellar Theta Burst Stimulation were able to decrease and increase respectively motor cortex excitability. Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation was able to abolish the cerebellar cortical inhibition observed in basal condition. These effects were not observed in patients with cervical dystonia. Cerebellar cortical connectivity and cerebellar plasticity is altered at rest in patients with cervical dystonia.Artículo Imaging biomarkers of cortical neurodegeneration underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease(Springer Nature, 2025-01) Silva Rodríguez, Jesús; Labrador Espinosa, Miguel Ángel; Castro-Labrador, Sandra; Muñoz Delgado, Laura; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Castellano Guerrero, Ana María; Carrillo García, Fátima María; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Grothe, Michel J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo; Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Familias; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad de Sevilla; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Purpose: Imaging biomarkers bear great promise for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We compared the ability of three commonly used neuroimaging modalities to detect cortical changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD). Methods: 53 cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN), 32 PD-MCI, and 35 PDD underwent concurrent structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), and [18F]FDG PET. We extracted grey matter volumes (sMRI), mean diffusivity (MD, dMRI), and standardized uptake value ratios ([18F]FDG PET) for 52 cortical regions included in a neuroanatomical atlas. We assessed group differences using ANCOVA models and further applied a cross-validated machine learning approach to identify the modality-specific brain regions that are most indicative of dementia status and assessed their diagnostic accuracy for group separation using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: In sMRI, atrophy of temporal and posterior-parietal areas allowed separating PDD from PD-CN (AUC = 0.77 ± 0.07), but diagnostic accuracy was poor for separating PD-MCI from PD-CN (0.57 ± 0.10). dMRI showed most pronounced diffusivity changes in the medial temporal lobe, which provided excellent diagnostic performance for PDD (AUC = 0.87 ± 0.06), and a more modest but still significant performance for PD-MCI (AUC = 0.71 ± 0.09). Finally, [18F]FDG PET revealed pronounced hypometabolism in posterior-occipital regions, which provided the highest diagnostic accuracies for both PDD (AUC = 0.89 ± 0.05) and PD-MCI (AUC = 0.78 ± 0.05). In statistical comparisons, both [18F]FDG PET (p < 0.001) and dMRI (p < 0.031) outperformed sMRI for detecting PDD and PD-MCI. Conclusion: Among the tested modalities, [18F]FDG PET was most accurate for detecting cortical changes associated with cognitive impairment in PD, especially at early stages. Diffusion measurements may represent a promising MRI-based alternative.Artículo Young Councilwomen in Spain: Evolution of Political Engagement and Political Identity Construction(Hipatia Press, 2025) Pinheiro e Silva, Ana Beatriz; Parra Jiménez, Águeda; Sánchez Queija, María Inmaculada; Mata Benítez, Manuel de La; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Junta de AndalucíaLa participación de las mujeres en los órganos legislativos ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de esto, las mujeres todavía están subrepresentadas en todos los niveles políticos. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el compromiso y la construcción de la identidad política de mujeres jóvenes en España, analizando la trayectoria de mujeres concejalas del partido político español Podemos. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo, utilizando el método biográfico, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas sobre la trayectoria de mujeres concejalas de ese grupo político de izquierda. Los resultados fueron analizados a partir de la teoría ecológica del desarrollo humano de Bronfenbrener. Los resultados evidenciaron que el compromiso político de las participantes se desarrolló como un proceso que ha tenido influencias de factores que corresponden, tanto al nivel del microsistema, como del macrosistema. La investigación ha pretendido contribuir al campo de estudio de los temas de género, juventud, identidad y compromiso político con el objetivo de comprender las trayectorias vitales de las mujeres jóvenes que buscan más representatividad en la política municipal, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de esas trayectorias y experiencias.Artículo Decoupling Alpha Desynchronization from Neural Resource Use: Evidence from Cognitive Load Modulation(MDPI, 2025) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; Caballero Díaz, Rocío; Sarrias Arrabal, Esteban; Martín Clemente, Rubén; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Universidad de SevillaIn prior studies, desynchronization of the induced alpha band (non-phase-locked but time-locked) has been observed across various cognitive tasks. Proposed hypotheses for the cognitive role of this alpha decrement include neural activation, an inhibition/timing mechanism, or a reduction in “neural noise”. This study aimed to examine the effect of cognitive load on induced alpha activity using two versions of a go/no-go visual task: a single-target (ST) version with one target and one distractor, and a double-target (DT) version with two targets and two distractors. EEG was recorded from 58 electrodes, and Temporal Spectral Evolution (TSE) was used for time–frequency analysis. Behavioral results revealed faster reaction times in the ST task compared to the DT task. The P3 component displayed delayed latency and reduced amplitude under increased cognitive load, consistent with prior findings. However, the latencies and amplitudes of evoked and induced alpha responses were unaffected by cognitive load. This suggests that increased alpha desynchronization in subjects with cognitive impairment should not be interpreted as enhanced neural resource recruitment due to task difficulty. Instead, it may reflect other mechanisms unrelated to cognitive load differences in task performance.Artículo Initial adaptation of the University Student Depression Inventory for Spanish population(Universidad de Barcelona, 2025) Fernández Herrero, Lucía; Lanzarote Fernández, María Dolores; Martínez Cervantes, Rafael Jesús; Khawaja, Nigar G.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología ExperimentalLa sintomatología depresiva afecta a entre el 13.5 y el 67% de los estudiantes universitarios en España, lo que dificulta la consecución de sus objetivos académicos. El Inventario de Depresión de Estudiantes Universitarios (USDI) (Khawaja & Bryden, 2006) fue desarrollado originalmente en Australia para medir la sintomatología depresiva entre estudiantes universitarios de habla inglesa. El objetivo de la presente investigación es validar la versión española del USDI. Método: en primer lugar, se completó la adaptación del inglés al español. Se utilizó un diseño transversal basado en encuestas. Los datos se recogieron mediante una encuesta electrónica que se distribuyó a los estudiantes de una gran universidad del sur de España. Una muestra de 285 estudiantes completó el inventario, el 82.5% mujeres. Resultados: El análisis psicométrico reveló una sólida consistencia interna. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que el modelo original de tres factores correlacionados con un factor de segundo orden tenía un ajuste aceptable a los datos. Por último, no se encontró relación entre el USDI y variables sociodemográficas como la edad, el sexo, el nivel de estudios y la situación laboral. Conclusiones: La versión española del USDI cumplió los criterios psicométricos y se reveló como una medida válida para la población universitaria española.Artículo Digital strategies and behavior change techniques for preventing sexually transmitted infections: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews(MEDWAVE ESTUDIOS LTD, 2025) Duarte, Giuliano; Sanduvete Chaves, Susana; López Arenas, Daniel; Chacón Moscoso, Salvador; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. EspañaIntroducción: Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) son una de las principales causas de mortalidad prematura, con el sexo inseguro como un factor de riesgo predominante. Cambiar comportamientos sexuales de riesgo y adoptarlos como hábitos saludables es clave para mejorar la prevención de ITS, incluido el VIH, lo que resulta fundamental para la salud pública. Los avances tecnológicos en intervenciones digitales han revelado importantes oportunidades, y las revisiones sistemáticas han evaluado su efectividad. Estas intervenciones digitales, que utilizan tecnologías como teléfonos móviles, aplicaciones y dispositivos portátiles, han mostrado un gran potencial para reducir la transmisión de ITS, particularmente entre los jóvenes, quienes constituyen una población clave para su implementación. Objetivo: Este protocolo tiene como objetivo describir de forma anticipada una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas destinada a reunir, evaluar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre las intervenciones digitales de cambio de comportamiento para la prevención de ITS. En particular, busca identificar las técnicas de cambio de comportamiento más efectivas, con el fin de orientar el diseño de intervenciones basadas en evidencia que contribuyan a reducir la transmisión de ITS. Métodos: Este protocolo detalla una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas. La calidad metodológica de las revisiones incluidas será evaluada con la herramienta AMSTAR-2, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA-P. Se realizarán búsquedas exhaustivas en las bases de datos Cochrane, PubMed, Epistemonikos y PsycINFO. Se incluirán revisiones que evalúen el efecto de intervenciones digitales de cambio de comportamiento para prevenir ITS, abarcando tecnologías como teléfonos móviles, aplicaciones y sitios web. Los datos extraídos identificarán componentes clave mediante la Taxonomía de Técnicas de Cambio de comportamiento (BCTTv1). Este protocolo está registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42023485887). Resultados: esperados Se espera que esta revisión aporte conocimientos teóricos sobre el cambio de comportamiento en la prevención de ITS mediante intervenciones digitales, identificando las técnicas más efectivas. Estos hallazgos servirán para diseñar intervenciones escalables y basadas en evidencia, especialmente dirigidas a los jóvenes, y guiarán a los responsables de políticas en la implementación de estrategias más efectivas para reducir la transmisión de ITS a nivel global.Artículo Standardization of decision-making skills but persistent impulsivity after chronic stimulant exposure in ADHD patients(Elsevier, 2025) Lobato Camacho, Francisco José; Vargas Romero, Juan Pedro; López García, Juan Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). EspañaAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with deficits in executive function. Even though attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are the more distinctive symptoms, impairment in other cognitive processes, for instance memory, could be due to the interferences from these symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether information processing errors made by individuals with ADHD arise primarily from impulsive responding or reflect a more fundamental difference in how they process information, potentially due to compensatory mechanisms developed throughout childhood. This study analyzes pattern separation (distinguishing similar stimuli), recognition memory, decision-making, and impulsivity in both ADHD-diagnosed and non-diagnosed youth population. We further examined possible treatment effects by dividing the ADHD group into three cohorts based on stimulant medication duration. We evaluate their response latency and responses utilizing the signal detection theory method. While ADHD participants exhibited poorer recognition memory compared to controls, this pattern did not show a statistically significant difference in pattern separation. Additionally, both processes improved with longer treatment duration within the ADHD group, leading to decreased error commission. Decision-making analyses revealed sex-specific response strategies within the ADHD group, but both groups showed similar adjustment to task difficulty. However, the ADHD group responses were notably faster, associated with a higher error rate. Additionally, response times varied depending on the stimulus type, suggesting potential differences in how the ADHD group processed information compared to the control group. These findings collectively point towards a possible difference in information management in ADHD, that is also characterized by faster, but less accurate, processing.Artículo TMS intensity and focality correlation with coil orientation at three non-motor regions(IOP Publishing, 2022) Gómez Feria, José; Fernández Corazza, Mariano; Martín Rodríguez, Juan Francisco; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AUIP); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación. Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Universidad de SevillaObjective. The aim of this study is to define the best coil orientations for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)for three clinically relevant brain areas: pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), inferior frontal gyrus(IFG), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), by means of simulations in 12 realistic head models of the electric field (E-field). Methods. We computed the E-field generated by TMS in our three volumes of interest(VOI)that were delineated based on published atlases. We then analysed the maximum intensity and spatial focality for the normal and absolute components of the E-field considering different percentile thresholds. Lastly, we correlated these results with the different anatomical properties of our VOIs. Results. Overall, the spatial focality of the E-field for the three VOIs varied depending on the orientation of the coil. Further analysis showed that differences in individual brain anatomy were related to the amount of focality achieved. In general, a larger percentage of sulcus resulted in better spatial focality. Additionally, a higher normal E-field intensity was achieved when the coil axis was placed perpendicular to the predominant orientations of the gyri of each VOI. A positive correlation between spatial focality and E-field intensity was found for PPC and IFG but not for pre-SMA. Conclusions. For a rough approximation, better coil orientations can be based on the individual’s specific brain morphology at the VOI. Moreover, TMS computational models should be employed to obtain better coil orientations in non-motor regions of interest. Significance. Finding better coil orientations in non-motor regions is a challenge in TMS and seeks to reduce interindividual variability. Our individualized TMS simulation pipeline leads to fewer inter-individual variability in the focality, likely enhancing the efficacy of the stimulation and reducing the risk of stimulating adjacent, non-targeted areas.Artículo Spanish Validation of the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST): A Cost-effective Stress Induction Protocol(Cambridge University Press, 2025) Santos Carrasco, Daniel; Casa Rivas, Luis Gonzalo de La; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaThe rise of stress studies has led to the existence of multiple stress induction protocols. However, cultural differences in stress reactivity are often overlooked. Therefore, this study aims to validate the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) in the Spanish population. A sample of 96 young adult participants was divided into an experimental group and a control group based on whether they were exposed to the MAST or a non-stressful control task. State anxiety and positive and negative affects were measured before and immediately after the protocol, while physiological stress (blood pressure and heart rate) was monitored throughout the experiment. The experimental group exhibited an increase in state anxiety, negative affect, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures after the MAST protocol. Participants with higher psychopathological risk presented higher scores of psychological stress than those with lower risk. Finally, it was found that participants with higher mathematical performance exhibited lower anxious reactivity following stressor exposure. Our results confirm the efficacy of the MAST and its validation for use in the Spanish population.Artículo A multispecies journey: companion animals and family development from a life-course perspective(Federación Española de Sociología, 2025) López-Cepero Borrego, Javier; Español Nogueiro, Alicia; Rodríguez Banda, Ángel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología ExperimentalEl presente estudio analiza el papel de los animales de compañía en el curso de vida de la familia. Utiliza para ello un enfoque evolutivo, conceptualizando el vínculo entre especies como una intersección de trayectorias vitales de animales humanos y no humanos. Se llevaron a cabo tres grupos focales en línea y se realizó un análisis temático utilizando una perspectiva vivencial y constructivista. Los cuatro temas extraídos hacen referencia a momentos de convivencia: 1) la llegada del animal, 2) la maduración conjunta de la relación, 3) los cambios relacionados con las transiciones familiares, y 4) el final de la relación. Estos temas describen cómo la individualidad de los animales de compañía y la identidad de la familia coevolucionan a lo largo del curso de la vida y ponen de relieve los retos a los que se enfrentan las familias. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura que cuestiona los discursos sociales dominantes y muestran modelos emergentes de familias multiespecies.Artículo ‘There Is Not a Word’, but Is It Necessary? Analyzing Pragmatic Decisions Regarding Terminology Within Multispecies Family Relationships(MDPI, 2025) López-Cepero Borrego, Javier; Español Nogueiro, Alicia; Rodríguez Banda, Ángel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología ExperimentalAbstract: This study analyzes the decision making that underlies the choice of terms we use to refer to companion animals. Three focus groups were developed, including participants from different demographic backgrounds who answered questions about their experience cohabitating with companion animals. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Thematic Analysis, carrying out a progressive refinement of the semantic contents until abstracting general themes. This study organizes the results based on three themes: (1) What you mean to me, contemplating human–animal relationships such as multispecies family, pet–owner relationship, human-like relationship, and objectivization; (2) Others’ surveillance, encompassing the role of social pressure in decision making; and (3) A good solution (here and now), focused on the strategic decisions made to balance the prior questions. The analysis shows that companion animals are usually considered part of the family, but that importance is not always freely communicated outside of the household. Often, participants try to nuance the importance of their companion animals, mask this relationship behind jokes, or tend to isolate themselves to avoid hostile social attention. These findings show the dilemmas faced by people who live with animals and point to the urgency of revising hegemonic discourses to improve the integration of these new family models in Spanish society.Artículo A Scale for Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Studies Based on Observational Methodology(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Asturias, 2024) Sanduvete Chaves, Susana; López Arenas, Daniel; Anguera Argilaga, María Teresa; Chacón Moscoso, Salvador; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). EspañaAntecedentes: Hasta donde conocemos, hay escasa evidencia de validez de escalas para medir calidad metodológica de estudios basados en metodología observacional (EBMO). Se presentan evidencias de validez de la Escala de Calidad Metodológica (MQSOM) para EBMO en base a su estructura interna. Método: Se aplicó MQSOM a 650 artículos que emplearon metodología observacional. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) para la fiabilidad inter e intracodificadores. Se realizó un análisis paralelo mediante implementación óptima para estudiar su dimensionalidad. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con media muestra obtenida aleatoriamente, seguido de un análisis factorial confirmatorio con la otra mitad. Resultados: La fiabilidad inter e intra codificador fueron adecuadas (CCI > ,73). El análisis paralelo sugirió multidimensionalidad (UniCo = .41, ECV = .31). Se obtuvo una estructura factorial de segundo orden (factor general: Calidad metodológica) con dos factores de primer orden (F1 Diseño y F2 Medición y análisis), RMSEA = 0.000, NNFI = 1, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, con adecuados resultados en fiabilidad y discriminación. Conclusiones: MQSOM es un instrumento breve (11 ítems), útil para profesionales de la intervención, investigadores o comisiones de valoración, para diseñar, implementar o evaluar EBMO.Artículo Effects of the Regular Use of Virtual Environments on Spatial Navigation and Memory(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2024) Lobato Camacho, Francisco José; Vargas Romero, Juan Pedro; López García, Juan Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaIntroduction: The cognitive effects of video games have garnered increasing attention due to their potential applications in cognitive rehabilitation and evaluation. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these cognitive modifications remain poorly understood. Objectives: This study investigates the fundamental mnemonic processes of spatial navigation, pattern separation, and recognition memory, closely associated with the hippocampus. Our objective is to elucidate the interaction of these cognitive processes and shed light on rehabilitation mechanisms that could inform the design of video games aimed at stimulating the hippocampus. Method: In this study, we assessed 48 young adults, including both video game players and non-players. We utilized virtual reality and cognitive tasks such as the Lobato Virtual Water Maze and the Mnemonic Similarity Task to evaluate their cognitive abilities. Results: Our key findings highlight that gamers exhibit heightened pattern separation abilities and demon- strate quicker and more accurate spatial learning, attributed to the cognitive stimulation induced by video games. Additionally, we uncovered a significant relationship between spatial memory, guided by environmental cues, and pattern separation, which serves as the foundation for more efficient spatial navigation. Conclusions: These results provide valuable insights into the cognitive impact of video games and offer potential for monitoring changes in rehabilitation processes and early signs of cognitive decline through virtual reality-based assessments. Ultimately, we propose that examining the relationships between cognitive processes represents an effective method for evaluating neurodegenerative conditions, offering new possibilities for early diagnosis and intervention.Artículo Reliability analysis of individual visual P1 and N1 maps indicates the heterogeneous topographies involved in early visual processing among human subjects(Elsevier, 2021) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; Del Barco Gavala, Alberto; Galvao Carmona, Alejandro; Martín Clemente, Rubén; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). EspañaThere is a lack of studies regarding the reliability of the event-related components (ERPs) of an electroencephalogram (EEG) used to assess cognitive processing in human subjects. To explore the reliability scores for the P1 and N1 components in two sessions (separated by an average of 116 days), twenty subjects performed a visual lateralized detection paradigm and EEG recording (58 channels) were employed. The session factor did not modulate the P1/N1 latencies. The visual field factor (left (LVF) or right (RVF)) was a determinant for the P1 and N1 topographical distributions as shown in previous studies. Moreover, topographical maps of the grand average showed a very strong correlation level between sessions (>0.9). Finally, individual maps demonstrated that the classic contralateral pattern for the P1 and N1 components was not always present in all subjects. In particular, compared to the N1 component, the P1 component exhibited a more complex set of individual topographical distributions, revealing that some steps are more heterogeneous among human subjects in early visual processing.Artículo Neural bases of referential thinking in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and high-risk mental states: A systematic review(ELSEVIER, 2025) Santos Carrasco, Daniel; Rodríguez Testal, Juan Francisco; Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). EspañaBackground and objectives: Nowadays, schizophrenia research is moving towards the search for early signs of illness. One of the psychosis progression markers highlighted in scientific literature is referential thinking. Thus, the main objective of this work is to analyze the main forms of assessment of referential thinking, as well as the neural bases underlying this process in people with high-risk mental states and psychotic spectrum disorders. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in three electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubMed). Experimental studies with case-control designs were searched, and then analyzed both bibliographically and based on their potential risk of bias through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021291691]. Results: Of the 200 potentially relevant studies, 28 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the most common way of assessment was the experimental task of making self-reflection about personality phrases and traits. In the studies reviewed, there was a greater number of negative self-references and a greater response latency among the patients when compared to controls. Regarding neural bases, patients showed more neural activity associated with referential thinking in areas such as the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, or the precuneus. Conclusions: The results confirm the hypothesis of referential thinking as an indicator of progression in the psychotic continuum, while highlighting a set of areas that could be hyperactivated in a network of posteroanterior functional connectivity. This antero-posterior hub could underlie the referential thinking deficit in neuropsychiatric disorders.Artículo El Attention Network Test en el estudio de los déficits cognitivos de pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención(IMR Press, 2019) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; García Valdecasas Colell, Macarena; Galvao Carmona, Alejandro; Sarrias Arrabal, Esteban; Tirapu Ustárroz, Javier; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología ExperimentalIntroducción El Attention Network Test (ANT) se ha aplicado en el estudio de las posibles alteraciones atencionales en diversas neuropatologías en los últimos años. Este test permite el análisis de diversas redes implicadas en el proceso atencional (alerta, orientación y sistema ejecutivo). Desarrollo La aplicación particular del ANT en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención muestra que es posible encontrar diversas alteraciones de las tres redes atencionales según los estudios e incluso, en algunos casos, la ausencia de alteraciones en ellas. Las posibles causas de esta heterogeneidad pueden deberse a variaciones metodológicas en la aplicación del test, otras condiciones patológicas no consideradas de los pacientes y el análisis de redes sugerido por los creadores del modelo y que se ha demostrado en diversos estudios que puede llevar a interpretaciones erróneas. Conclusiones A pesar de los resultados todavía poco concluyentes con la aplicación del ANT en el trastorno por déficit de atención, este test muestra múltiples aplicaciones que permitirán desentrañar los diversos déficits cognitivos que están presentes en los pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención. Entre ellos, el test puede analizar diversos mecanismos que pueden estar afectados en estos pacientes (la alerta tónica y fásica, la expectativa temporal o espacial, el grado de interferencia de los estímulos distractores, el parpadeo atencional o la inhibición de retorno). El ANT puede ayudar a una mejor caracterización de los pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención más allá de las formas clásicas consideradas hasta ahora (inatento o combinado).Artículo Estudio del deterioro cognitivo en esclerosis múltiple, trastorno de déficit atencional y estados mentales de alto riesgo: Aproximaciones psicofisiológicas(Universidad de La Habana, 2019) Vázquez Marrufo, Manuel; García Valdecasas Colell, Macarena; Galvao Carmona, Alejandro; García Torres, Miguel; Senín Calderón, Cristina; Rodríguez Testal, Juan Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). EspañaEl deterioro cognitivo en las enfermedades del sistema nervioso sigue siendo a día de hoy un reto para la investigación en el campo de la Psicología. En el presente trabajo se recogen algunas evidencias de cómo a través de la Psicofisiología es posible estudiar las alteraciones cognitivas con una resolución de un milisegundo o por ejemplo evaluar mecanismos cognitivos que no implican una respuesta voluntaria por parte del paciente. Estos abordajes serán presentados por un lado, en enfermedades ampliamente estudiadas como la esclerosis múltiple o el trastorno por déficit de atención, y por otro lado, en el caso de los estados mentales de alto riesgo, una fase muy temprana del potencial desarrollo de trastornos psicóticos en sujetos humanos. Las evidencias expuestas en las próximas páginas permitirán mostrar que es posible complementar nuestro conocimiento sobre el deterioro cognitivo en diversos tipos de enfermedades cerebrales mediante el uso de técnicas psicofisiológicas.