Artículos (Ingeniería Gráfica)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11367

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 181

The Extremal Value Analysis of Sea Level in the Gulf of Cádiz and Alborán Sea: A New Methodology and the Resilience of Critical Infrastructures
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Alonso del Rosario, José J.; Yin, Danping; Vidal Pérez, Juan M.; Coronil Huertas, Daniel J.; Blázquez Gómez, Elizabeth; Pavón Quintana, Santiago; Muñoz Pérez, Juan J.; Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Ingeniería Gráfica; Junta de Andalucía; European Commission (EC)
Rising sea levels and increasing storm wave heights are two clear indicators of climate change affecting coastal environments worldwide. Coastal cities and infrastructure are particularly vulnerable to these hazards, highlighting the need for accurate predictions and effective adaptation and resilience strategies to protect human lives and economic activities. This study focuses on the Andalusia coast of southern Spain, from Cádiz to Almería, analyzing twelve years of sea level and wave height records using an Extreme Value Analysis. A key challenge lies in selecting the most suitable statistical distribution for long-term predictions. To address this, we propose a modified application of the Cramér–Rao Lower Bound and compare it with the Akaike Information Criteria and the Bayesian Information Criteria. Our results indicate that sea level extremes generally follow a Gumbel distribution, while wave height extremes align more closely with the Fisher–Tippett I distribution. Additionally, a high-resolution digital elevation model of the Navantia Puerto Real shipyard, generated with LiDAR scanning, was used to identify flood-prone areas and assess potential operational impacts. This approach allows for the development of practical recommendations for enhancing infrastructure resilience. The main contribution of this work includes the estimation of extreme regimes for sea level and wave stations, a novel and more efficient application of the Cramér–Rao Lower Bound, a comparative analysis with Bayesian criteria, and providing recommendations to improve the resilience of shipyard operations.
Mapping of seismic parameters of the Iberian Peninsula by means of a geographic information system
(Springer, 2018) Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Martínez Álvarez, F.; Ingeniería Gráfica; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
En este trabajo, los siguientes parámetros sísmicos, la magnitud máxima registrada, el valor b de Gutenberg–Ritcher y la tasa de actividad sísmica media (normalizada), AR, se han calculado para la Península Ibérica y alrededores. Se ha empleado un sistema de información geográfica para recopilar todos los datos, trabajar con diferentes sistemas geográficos y generar los mapas. Se ha considerado como entrada una versión mejorada del catálogo de terremotos del Instituto Geográfico Nacional de España. Debido a la evolución de la red de detección y la extensión del territorio, los valores de completitud deben sectorizarse para obtener valores b y valores AR fiables. Por lo tanto, se ha considerado un trabajo previo sobre regionalización.
Comparing seismic parameters for different source zone models in the Iberian Peninsula
(Elsevier, 2017) Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Morales Esteban, Antonio; Asencio Cortés, G.; Martínez Álvarez, F; Ingeniería Gráfica; Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Seismical parameters of five seismogenic zonings for the Iberian Peninsula have been determined in this work. For that purpose, this research has two key goals. The first is to generate a seismic catalog. The second to calculate the seismical parameters of all the zones of the seismogenic zonings selected. The first key goal has been the creation of a catalog of earthquakes for the Iberian Peninsula and adjacent areas. First, the National Geographic Institute of Spain's catalog has been completed and reviewed with the information from other catalog reviews and specific studies. Second, all magnitude calculations have been homogenized. Third, all dependent data have been eliminated through declustering. Finally, the year of completeness for each magnitude has been considered. The Quaternary active faults database of Iberia has also been used as input data. All of this information has been integrated into a geographic information system. The second key aim is the calculation of the seismical parameters. The first parameter obtained has been the b-value. A method which considers different years of completeness in accordance with the magnitude has been used. Also, the annual rate of earthquakes per square kilometer has been calculated. Moreover, the maximum magnitude known that Quaternary active faults might generate and maximum magnitude recorded in the catalog have been determined. Finally, based solely on the statistical parameters obtained, a critical discussion of the seismogenic zonings of the Iberian Peninsula has been conducted. The results show that some zonings possess insufficient data for a proper calculation of the seismic parameters, from a statistical point of view.
Impact of cartographic and labeling standards on the dissemination of Toponymy: particularities of bilingual regions. A case study: Euskadi, Spain
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Mitxelena Hoyos, Oihana; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Ingeniería Gráfica
Toponymy constitutes a system of literal location, which involves the understanding between linguistic and cartographic norms for effective communication. This complexity increases in bilingual territories. This study evaluates the impact of different labeling standards (national and regional) on cartographic legibility in Euskadi (Spain). One standard aims to homogenize results, while the other addresses bilingualism in Euskadi. The goal is to understand how different criteria for capital letters, language, and generic name omissions affect map readability. Apart from semiological issues, labeling efficiency is related to the length of label characters and the omission of names due to label overlapping. The methodology involves applying both standards to the same toponymy database, producing cartographic outputs at scales of 1:25,000 and 1:5,000. Then, a visual and statistical analysis of these maps is conducted. Quantitative results show greater legibility and labeling capacity for the regional standard, especially at the 1:25,000 scale. However, omitting generics in labels requires more effort in cartographic communication through symbo lization. Finally, the flexibility in the use of the national standard, based on cartographers’ experience, often converges with the regional standard’ solutions for this bilingual area.
Presencia de Lygistopterus sanguineus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Lycidae) en el sur de la Península Ibérica
(Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología, 2023) Barreda, José Manuel; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Ingeniería Gráfica
La familia Lycidae Laporte de Castelnau, 1836 se integra actualmente en la superfamilia Elateroidea (LAWRENCE, 1988; BOCÁKOVÁ & BOCÁK, 2007; CAI et al., 2022) y se compone de unas 4600 especies repartidas en seis subfamilias y 160 géneros distribuidas por todo el mundo (LAWRENCE et al., 2000; BOCÁK & BOCÁKO VÁ, 2006). Aunque antiguamente algunos autores como ESPAÑOL (1968) y ALLEMAND et al. (1999) la incluían en la desaparecida superfamilia Chantaroidea.
Geospatial Analysis of the Roman Site of Munigua Based on RGB Airborne Imagery
(MDPI, 2025-09-18) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Antón García, Daniel; Ingeniería Gráfica; Expresión Gráfica y Arquitectónica; Universidad de Sevilla
This study investigates the use of high-resolution RGB aerial imagery from Spain’s National Aerial Orthophotography Plan (PNOA) for archeological feature detection through spectral index analysis and unsupervised clustering. Focusing on the Roman site of Munigua, eight orthophotographs acquired between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed to compute five RGB-based spectral indices: VARI, GLI, ExG, CSI, and BI. These indices were used to detect surface spectral anomalies potentially linked to buried archeological structures. A multi-temporal approach was employed, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Means clustering applied independently to each image. This allowed for the identification of temporally persistent anomalies (areas that remained within the same spectral cluster across multiple years), suggesting the presence of underlying anthropogenic features. Despite the lack of near-infrared data, the combination of RGB-based indices and temporal clustering proved effective for non-invasive prospection. The methodology is scalable, repeatable, and relies entirely on open-access datasets, making it suitable for broader applications in heritage monitoring and landscape archeology. The results underscore the potential of RGB imagery and time-series clustering in detecting subtle archeological signals within complex vegetated environments.
Circularidad como alternativa sostenible en la autoconstrucción de viviendas en zonas vulnerables de Latinoamérica
(Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2025) González-Vallejo, Patricia; Yajnes, Marta Edith; Caruso, Susana Inés; Muñoz-Sanguinetti, Claudia Marcela; Ingeniería Gráfica
Este estudio evalúa la viabilidad económica y ambiental de incorporar subproductos derivados de residuos de construcción y demolición y materiales reciclados en la construcción de cerramientos de viviendas sociales en zonas vulnerables. Se aplica a un caso estudio en la ciudad de Temuco (Chile), comparando la propuesta con una solución constructiva convencional y con otras investigaciones que también emplean subproductos en edificación. La metodología incluye el análisis de costes apoyado en bases de datos de la construcción y en el proyecto arquitectónico para determinar los recursos y, los impactos económico y ambiental. La evaluación ambiental se realiza mediante indicadores como huella de carbono, huella ecológica, energía incorporada y generación de residuos de construcción y demolición, utilizando bases de datos especializadas como Ecoinvent y SimaPro. Los resultados muestran que el uso de subproductos no solo reduce los costes de construcción, sino que también disminuye el impacto ambiental, promueve la economía circular y fomenta el empleo local. La comparación con otros estudios indica que la propuesta tiene ventajas económicas y ambientales. No obstante, se identifica el uso del cemento como un factor de alto impacto ambiental, lo que sugiere la necesidad de explorar alternativas más sostenibles en futuras investigaciones. En conclusión, el estudio confirma la viabilidad económica y ambiental de soluciones constructivas sostenibles en viviendas sociales en zonas vulnerables, contribuyendo al desarrollo de prácticas más responsables y resilientes en el sector de la construcción.
Assessment of energy efficiency and energy poverty of the residential building stock of the city of Seville using GIS
(MDPI, 2025-06-07) Aguilar Aguilera, Antonio Jesús; Hoz Torres, María Luisa de la; Aguilar Camacho, Joaquín; Guerrero Rivera, María Fernanda; Ingeniería Gráfica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
In the European Union, 75% of the residential building stock is estimated to have energy inefficiencies, which increases the probability of falling into energy poverty. Poor thermal conditions reduce the quality of life of dwelling occupants. Renovating the residential building stock is essential to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and energy poverty in cities. This study aims to assess and map the energy efficiency and energy poverty of residential buildings in Seville at the urban district and census tract level. A total of 45,908 dwellings were evaluated using data from the Energy Performance Certificates database and demographic and economic information from national and official databases. The analysis considers dwelling typology, year of construction, average household income, and geographic location at the district and census tract level. The results show that Seville’s residential building stock performs poorly, with 83% and 92% of dwellings rated “E” or lower for energy consumption and CO2 emissions, respectively. The findings of this GIS-based study help identify urban areas with less efficient buildings and higher energy poverty risk, providing valuable information to develop targeted renovation strategies and reduce the climate impact of Seville’s residential building stock.
Historical "Sebka" Plaster Claddings: Geometric Analysis, Construction Insights, Conservation Status, and Digital Recreation of Polychrome
(Taylor and Francis, 2025-07-03) Torres González, Marta; Blasco-López, Francisco Javier; Alejandre Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Gráfica; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Historic plasterwork façades, particularly sebka panels in UNESCO World Heritage sites such as the Courtyard of the Maidens, represent outstanding examples of Islamic and Mudéjar decorative traditions. Despite their cultural significance, these ornamental claddings are highly susceptible to environmental degradation, structural vulnerabilities, and inappropriate restoration practices. This research adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the preventive conservation of historical plasterwork, combining geometric analysis, environmental monitoring, and material characterisation. Non-destructive techniques, such as infrared thermography (IRT), allowed for the diagnosis of concealed pathologies and construction systems, while XRD analysis provided unprecedented insight into the original polychrome finishes. The study identified typological variations in sebka panels and underscored the role of temperature and relative humidity fluctuations in the mechanical failure of decorative elements, such as pineapples and metal fixings. Crucially, the analysis of the remaining polychromies revealed the original colour palette — featuring azurite blue, vermilion, red ochre, and organic black — thereby recovering the chromatic richness of these unique plasterworks. The outcomes of this research offer innovative preventive conservation strategies and a comprehensive diagnostic methodology that can serve as a reference for the preservation of Islamic-Mudéjar plasterwork in Spain and beyond, ensuring the safeguarding of their material authenticity and artistic integrity.
Diagnosis by SAM Linked to Machine Vision Systems in Olive Pitting Machines
(MDPI, 2025) Villanueva Gandul, Luis; Madueño Luna, Antonio; Madueño Luna, José Miguel; López Gordillo, Miguel Calixto; González Ortega, Manuel Jesús; Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Ingeniería Gráfica
Computer Vision (CV) has proven to be a powerful tool for automation in agri-food industrial processes, offering high-precision solutions tailored to specific working conditions. Recent advancements in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have revolutionized CV applications, enabling systems to autonomously learn and optimize tasks. However, ANN-based approaches often require complex development and lengthy training periods, making their implementation a challenge. In this study, we explore the use of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), a pre-trained neural network developed by META AI in 2023, as an alternative for industrial segmentation tasks in the table olive (Olea europaea L.) processing industry. SAM’s ability to segment objects regardless of scene composition makes it a promising tool to improve the efficiency of olive pitting machines (DRRs). These machines, widely employed in industrial processing, frequently experience mechanical inefficiencies, including the “boat error,” which arises when olives are improperly oriented, leading to defective pitting and pit splinter contamination. Our approach integrates SAM into n CV workflow to diagnose and quantify boat errors without designing or training an additional task-specific ANN. By analyzing the segmented images, we can determine both the percentage of boat errors and the size distribution of olives during transport. The results validate SAM as a feasible option for industrial segmentation, offering a simpler and more accessible solution compared to traditional ANN-based methods. Moreover, our statistical analysis reveals that improper calibration—manifested as size deviations from the nominal value—does not significantly increase boat error rates. This finding supports the adoption of complementary CV technologies to enhance olive pitting efficiency. Future work could investigate real-time integration and the combination of CV with electromechanical correction systems to fully automate and optimize the pitting process.
Development of a computer vision-based method for sizing and boat error assessment in olive pitting machines
(MDPI, 2025-06-13) Villanueva Gandul, Luis; Madueño Luna, Antonio; Madueño Luna, José Miguel; López Gordillo, Miguel Calixto; González Ortega, Manuel Jesús; Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos; Ingeniería Gráfica; AGR280: Ingeniería Rural; AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory
Table olive pitting machines (DRRs) are essential in the agri-food industry but face significant limitations that constrain their performance and compromise process reliability. The main defect, known as the “boat error”, results from improper olive orientation during pitting, leading to bone fragmentation, pulp damage, and potential risks to consumer safety. Traditional quality control methods, such as the use of flotation tanks and expert sensory evaluation, rely on destructive sampling, are time-consuming, and reduce overall productivity. To address these challenges, this study presents a novel computer vision (CV) system integrated into a commercial DRR machine. The system captures high-speed images of Gordal olives (Olea europaea regalis) just before pitting; these are later analyzed offline using a custom MATLAB application that applies HSV-based segmentation and morphological analysis to quantify the olive size and orientation. The method accurately identifies boat error cases based on angular thresholds, without interrupting the production flow or damaging the product. The results show that 97% of olives were correctly aligned, with only 1.1% presenting critical misorientation. Additionally, for the first time, the system allowed a detailed evaluation of the olive size distribution at the machine inlet, revealing an unexpected proportion of off-caliber olives. This contamination in sizing suggests a possible link between calibration deviations and the occurrence of boat errors, introducing a new hypothesis for future investigation. While the current implementation is limited to offline analysis, it represents a non-destructive, low-cost, and highly precise diagnostic tool. This work lays the foundation for a deeper understanding of DRR machine behavior and provides a framework for future developments aimed at optimizing their performance through targeted correction strategies.
Reframing descriptive geometry in the digital era
(2025) Barrera Vera, José Antonio; Narváez Rodríguez, Roberto; Ingeniería Gráfica; TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
The relationship between descriptive geometry and architecture is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by both the increasing complexity of contemporary architectural demands and the evolution of digital tools. Each technological era – from traditional descriptive geometry through 2D CAD, 3D modelling, computational design, to emerging AI approaches – has fundamentally altered the way geometry is accessed, conceptualised, and manipulated. These transformations have led to the development of new cognitive frameworks for spatial thinking. This article examines this transformation through two complementary analyses. First, it investigates how different technological eras have redefined the medium through which architects engage with geometry, focusing on how these shifts in medium have transformed cognitive mechanisms from projection-based reasoning to algorithm-based thinking and, more recently, to natural language interaction. Second, the article identifies descriptive geometry's evolving roles in contemporary architectural practice, research, and education, revealing both invariant principles that persist regardless of technological mediums and new geometric competencies required by contemporary architectural challenges. The analysis demonstrates that descriptive geometry represents not a fixed operational methodology but an evolving framework for spatial reasoning that transcends specific technological implementations. This contributes to the ongoing dialogue about geometric literacy in the computational age.
Three-dimensional modeling of the La Pastora Dolmen in Valencina de la Concepción, Seville, using photogrammetric techniques
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Martínez Álvarez, Rubén; Mejías García, Juan Carlos; León-Bonillo, Manuel José; Pérez Romero, Antonio Miguel; Marín-Buzón, Carmen; Ingeniería Gráfica; Prehistoria y Arqueología; Junta de Andalucía; RNM931: Tecnologías de la Información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica; HUM949: Tellus. Prehistoria y Arqueología en el sur de Iberia; AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory
In this study, we present the advances of photogrammetry applied to prehistorical research, focusing on the creation of three-dimensional models of the dolmens of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville). Photogrammetry has proven to be an invaluable tool in the documentation and analysis of archaeological sites, enabling precise and detailed capture of ancient architecture. In this study, we applied photogrammetric techniques to capture high-resolution images of Dolmen de La Pastora, one of the most significant megalithic monuments of the 5th millennium BP in the Iberian Peninsula with great historical and cultural importance. This multidisciplinary focus allows us not only to visually explore the monuments in detail but also to analyse their internal structure, orientation, and possible construction patterns. Additionally, we explore the utility of these 3D models in archaeological education and outreach, offering researchers and the general public the opportunity to virtually interact with these historical monuments. In conclusion, this work manifests the possibilities the power of photogrammetry offers in the field of prehistorical research and its ability to revolutionize the way we study and understand our past. The generated 3D models not only enhance our appreciation of megalithic architecture but also provide an innovative approach to the analysis and preservation of endangered or deteriorating archaeological sites. With this contribution, apart from, we aim to advance the exploration of prehistory and inspire future interdisciplinary research in the fields of archaeology and image technology, providing possible visits to places that are difficult to access or where the constant passage of humans may cause deterioration to the World Heritage Sites.
Design of a waste classification system using a low experimental cost capacitive sensor and machine learning algorithms
(MDPI, 2025-02-04) Vesga Ferreira, Juan Carlos; Pérez Waltero, Harold Esneider; Barrera Vera, José Antonio; Ingeniería Gráfica; TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
The management and classification of solid waste is one of the most important challenges worldwide. The objective is to design a basic waste classification system at the source using a low-cost experimental capacitive sensor and machine learning algorithms. For this, two types of sensor models were established (Traditional Model (MT) and Non-Traditional Model (MNT)), which were built with recyclable material and tested with different types of materials, in order to evaluate their behavior and sensitivity level. The results obtained demonstrated that the two sensors responded with acceptable sensitivity levels for each of the materials used as a test; however, the MNT was the one that generated the values with the greatest variability, an aspect that is deemed highly significant, because, thanks to this type of response to various types of materials, it facilitates the classification processes through the use of machine learning algorithms. Finally, the two prototypes of sensors manufactured can be considered of significant relevance for the development of more complex solutions, related to the classification and possible characterization of materials, when compared to the capacitive sensors found on the market, which only then allow us to identify if there is a presence or not of some object through adjustment by potentiometer, generating as a result a digital output. This aspect largely limits the use of commercial capacitive sensors to applications exclusively related to presence or level detection.
Courtyards as passive climate buffers: Enhancing thermal comfort and preventive conservation in mediterranean climates
(Elsevier, 2015) Torres González, Marta; Rodríguez Antuña, Luis; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Alducín Ochoa, Juan Manuel; León Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Ingeniería Gráfica; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
This study examines the role of Mediterranean courtyards as passive systems for mitigating extreme climatic conditions while enhancing thermal comfort and preserving architectural heritage. Using the Courtyard of the Maidens in the Royal Alcázar of Seville as a case study, the research includes a three-year monitoring campaign (2020–2023) to collect ambient temperature and relative humidity data, assessing seasonal variations and the impact of heatwaves. Key findings demonstrate that the courtyard moderates extreme temperatures, reducing reliance on active cooling and heating systems, and contributes to improved comfort levels for users. Additionally, the study highlights the courtyard’s role in minimising environmental stress on heritage materials, particularly its ability to maintain conditions favourable for the conservation of plasterwork and other decorative elements. The study underlines the importance of integrating passive architectural strategies, such as courtyards, into urban planning to promote sustainability and resilience in Mediterranean climates increasingly affected by climate change. It offers valuable insights into how historic architectural features can address contemporary environmental challenges.
Optimization of laser scanner positioning networks for architectural surveys through the design of genetic algorithms
(Elsevier, 2021) Cabrera Revuelta. Elena; Chávez de Diego, María José; Barrera Vera, José Antonio; Fernández Rodríguez, Yago; Caballero Sánchez, Manuel; Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Ingeniería Gráfica
In recent decades, the use of terrestrial laser scanners has become the principal method for metric data collection in architecture. However, there are no systematic procedures in place to plan the data capture process. This means that the obtaining tasks of the clouds of points are based either on operator experience, or on the overlap register that grants a complete acquisition. In both cases, data redundancy represents a significant percentage, which forces subsequent filtration or point removal. This work describes the design and development of an automated methodology, based on genetic algorithms, for the selection of a set of positions from which to execute the data capture process. The algorithm designed herein is applied to a variety of cases, thereby attaining the best station-positioning network for data collection, which maximizes coverage and minimizes overlap between clouds of points.
Evaluating resilience and thermal comfort in Mediterranean dwellings: a level(s) framework approach
(MDPI, 2025-02-18) Díaz López, Carmen; Pérez Rendón, Cristina Alba; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Ingeniería Gráfica; TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
The construction sector plays a pivotal role in urban development, providing a critical opportunity to foster a cultural shift towards the regeneration of housing stock. This shift focuses on sustainable and resilient urban interventions to extend the lifespan of buildings, starting from the design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Level(s) framework, which establishes sustainability indicators, is particularly relevant to this research, as it promotes circular economy principles and building resilience. The framework provides a comprehensive set of indicators that guide resilient housing rehabilitation methodologies. Indicator 2.3 supports the design and renovation of obsolete housing, emphasizing the maximization of resilience against climatic, functional, and socio-economic impacts. Meanwhile, Indicator 4.2 evaluates the thermal comfort of building occupants concerning indoor conditions throughout the year. The primary aim of this study is to develop a resilient housing rehabilitation methodology based on Level(s), which includes (i) assessing the current resilience of a pilot case, (ii) designing new resilient housing configurations, (iii) evaluating thermal comfort duration for older adults, and (iv) analyzing cost amortization. The research findings indicate that the proposed rehabilitation approach significantly improves occupants’ resilience to climate-related stressors and thermal comfort, particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of adapting thermal comfort standards for these populations and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of resilience strategies. The outcomes contribute to a flexible and accessible refurbishment model that meets diverse tenant needs, offering a scalable solution for sustainable urban interventions.
Modular dynamics paradigm in biosystems multilevel modeling: Software design and PBPK/PD validation
(Elsevier, 2025-04) Prado-Velasco, Manuel; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; TIC214: Modelado Multiescala y Tecnologías Emergentes en Bioingeniería
Objective: The development of mechanistic-based modeling and simulation (M&S) tools is essential for advancing our understanding of biological systems. This study presents a novel M&S software tool, Cyborgs Simulator (CybSim), which employs a novel modular modeling paradigm on top of an acausal object-oriented modeling language (OOML)-defined architecture. This paradigm avoids the imposition of hard links between biosystem components and the mechanisms that drive their dynamics, thus facilitating the evolution of the biological model with newly discovered mechanisms. Methods: Following an examination of the fundamental principles underlying the formal definition of mechanistic models in the field of biosciences, which provides the rationale for the modular dynamics paradigm, a conceptual framework and subsequent computational design of CybSim that supports it are presented. In addition, the description includes pertinent features of CybSim, such as the multi-modeling approach, the separation of biosystems from artificial (machine) components, and their connection to algorithmic blocks. The reliability and accuracy of CybSim are evaluated through the construction and comparison of the predictions of two physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models with their published references, in other M&S tools. Results: The logarithmic absolute errors of bacterial count predictions were below 2 % in almost all scenarios of the aditoprim model in pigs (reference model in Berkeley Madonna 8.3.23), while the mean absolute prediction errors calculated as a function of time were similar to the numerical precision of the integrators ( in all scenarios of the caffeine model in humans (reference model in mrgsolve 1.5.1). PBPK/PD models in CybSim required only one flow-limited tissue for all mechanistic configurations, demonstrating the reliability of the modular modeling paradigm. The validation of CybSim included other essential features such as the incorporation of a module for accessing and predicting of biological–physiological data, an algorithmic system that includes metric blocks and pharmacodynamics, and an artificial systems module. Conclusion: The study confirms that the modular dynamics paradigm can be implemented under modern acausal OOML M&S tools to facilitate the discovery and addition of new mechanistic knowledge in biosystems models. CybSim is a novel graphical modular modeling tool for biosystems that incorporates this paradigm and has been validated under several scenarios for the PBPK modeling approach.
Smart Sensors and Virtual Physiology Human Approach as a Basis of Personalized Therapies in Diabetes Mellitus
(Bentham Open, 2010) Fernández Peruchena, Carlos María; Prado-Velasco, Manuel; Ingeniería Gráfica
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a growing incidence and prevalence in modern societies, pushed by the aging and change of life styles. Despite the huge resources dedicated to improve their quality of life, mortality and morbidity rates, these are still very poor. In this work, DM pathology is revised from clinical and metabolic points of view, as well as mathematical models related to DM, with the aim of justifying an evolution of DM therapies towards the correction of the physiological metabolic loops involved. We analyze the reliability of mathematical models, under the perspective of virtual physiological human (VPH) initiatives, for generating and integrating customized knowledge about patients, which is needed for that evolution. Wearable smart sensors play a key role in this frame, as they provide patient’s information to the models. A telehealthcare computational architecture based on distributed smart sensors (first processing layer) and personalized physiological mathematical models integrated in Human Physiological Images (HPI) computational components (second processing layer), is presented. This technology was designed for a renal disease telehealthcare in earlier works and promotes crossroads between smart sensors and the VPH initiative. We suggest that it is able to support a truly personalized, preventive, and predictive healthcare model for the delivery of evolved DM therapies.
Utilización de mapas Getis-Ord Gi* para entender la movilidad ciclista durante la temporada de invierno en Valencia, España
(Publicaciones Dyna, 2022-07) Pino Cáceres, María del Mar; Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Cáceres Sánchez, Noelia; Pino Mejías, José Luis; Ingeniería Gráfica; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; RNM931: Tecnologías de la información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
En los últimos años, la Administración ha prestado más aten-ción al uso de la bicicleta a la hora de considerar los planes de movilidad sostenible. La comprensión de los patrones espacio-temporales de la movilidad ciclista puede servir de referencia para la planificación de las infraestructuras ciclistas. Este estudio ex-plora la aplicación de la estadística Getis-ord Gi*, extendiendo los valores de los contadores por métodos de interpolación espacial, para analizar los efectos geográficos del invierno en la movilidad ciclista en Valencia (España). A partir de 447.845 medidas reco-gidas por 59 detectores, se analizó la variabilidad del número de bicicletas en días laborables y en fines de semana en términos de puntos calientes/fríos consecutivos, disminuyentes, intensos, persistentes, oscilantes, esporádicos o nuevos, con una variación temporal de 30 minutos. A diferencia de lo que cabría esperar, la estación invernal no influye de forma significativa en el uso de la bicicleta en los alrededores de los campus universitarios en días laborables o en las zonas de recreo durante los fines de semana, definiéndolos como puntos calientes. En cambio, los alrededores de Valencia presentan puntos fríos que se intensifican, estando limitados por las estaciones de metro, pues este periodo inver-nal es cuando se producen cambios en los medios de transporte. Los puntos calientes persistentes muestran patrones de movilidad aceptados entre la población de Valencia que podrían ser promovi-dos por el gobierno local, por ejemplo, mejorando la disponibilidad de bicicletas entre los estudiantes y diseñando paseos de fin de semana atractivos para los ciudadanos como actividad saludable.

Examinar

Envíos recientes