Artículos (Ingeniería Gráfica)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11367

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Bibliometric analysis of remote sensing-based crop vulnerability to climate: trends and perspectives
(MDPI, 2026-06-30) Hoyos Alayo, Walter Manuel; Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Ingeniería Gráfica; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente; TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
Climate change is intensifying droughts, heatwaves, and hydrological extremes, increasing crop vulnerability and threatening global food security. This study analyzes the scientific evolution of research on remote sensing-based crop vulnerability to climate, focusing on temporal trends, geographical patterns, thematic structures, remote sensing data, and methodological approaches. A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective bibliometric analysis was applied to 2343 Scopus-indexed documents published between 1985 and 2026. Bibliometrix 5.1.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 were used to assess productivity, collaboration, intellectual structure, keyword co-occurrence, thematic evolution, and Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy. Results show sustained growth, with a 4% annual growth rate and a sharp acceleration after 2015, reaching 487 publications in 2025. This trend reflects a transition from descriptive crop monitoring toward predictive and operational geospatial intelligence. China, the United States, and India lead scientific production, while specialized journals concentrate dissemination. The most common remote sensing data and indicators include NDVI, MODIS, Landsat, Sentinel imagery, SAR, drought indices, vegetation condition metrics, and Google Earth Engine. Frequent methods include bibliometric mapping, keyword co-occurrence analysis, thematic clustering, machine learning, time-series analysis, and multi-sensor integration. Overall, the field is mature but still faces challenges in interoperability, geographical representation, validation, and decision-oriented applications.
Graphic documentation and digital characterization of the lanterns of the Royal Tobacco Factory in Seville: from laser scanning and photogrammetry to HBIM models
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2026-06-25) Chaza Chimeno, María del Rosario; Rico Delgado, Fernando; Rincón Millán, María Dolores; Esteve Pardal, Rafael; Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación; Ingeniería Gráfica
The aim of this research is to make a comparison of the results obtained when carrying out graphic surveys using different systems, with the aim of obtaining models which, in addition to graphically documenting the current state of elements of undoubted architectural value, facilitate their use in heritage intervention. To this end, the skylights on the roof of the former Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville, the current headquarters of the Rectorate of the University, one of the most emblematic buildings in the city due to its heritage and architectural value, have been taken as study elements, with the aim of highlighting their importance, giving impetus to their recovery and conservation. The aim is to document and highlight these elements using traditional drawing techniques combined with modern methods such, 3D scanning or photogrammetry, to finally obtain a 3D virtual model that, when taken to the BIM environment, generates an integral model that facilitates the analysis of possible conservation works. The current trend is moving towards “smart heritage facility management” (Hou et al., 2020). Integrating HBIM with digital twins enables a transition from reactive restoration to proactive and predictive maintenance (Hartwell et al.,2025). One of the seven original skylights, dating from the mid-18th century, are taken as the object of study.
Gamificación como estrategia en la enseñanza de la expresión gráfica
(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2026-04-30) Torres González, Marta; Infante Perea, Margarita Mª; Cantillana Merchante, Concepción; Ingeniería Gráfica
La formación en Expresión Gráfica constituye un componente esencial en los estudios de arquitectura, ingeniería y edificación, al favorecer el desarrollo de la percepción espacial, la comunicación técnica y el dominio de herramientas digitales. Sin embargo, este ámbito suele ser percibido por el alumnado como complejo y poco intuitivo. Con el fin de mejorar su comprensión y motivación, este estudio presenta una propuesta de innovación docente basada en gamificación, aplicada en el Grado en Edificación de la Universidad de Sevilla. La actividad se diseñó como un juego colaborativo estructurado en niveles de dificultad progresiva, utilizando Rhinoceros v.8 para el modelado 3D. Los estudiantes trabajaron en parejas con roles definidos, lo que permitió potenciar el razonamiento espacial, la toma de decisiones y la verbalización de procesos técnicos. El diseño se fundamentó en los principios del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje. Los resultados evidencian mejoras en la comprensión gráfica, la capacidad de representación tridimensional y la motivación del alumnado. No obstante, también se detectaron aspectos negativos relevantes. Entre ellos destacan la insuficiente precisión en el uso de tecnicismos, la ambigüedad o incoherencia en la descripción verbal de operaciones gráficas, y problemas de comunicación entre los miembros de algunas parejas, que generaron malentendidos, errores de interpretación y ejecuciones gráficas incorrectas. Asimismo, algunos grupos experimentaron presión temporal excesiva o priorizaron la rapidez sobre la calidad del dibujo. En conjunto, la gamificación se muestra como una estrategia eficaz para dinamizar la enseñanza de la Expresión Gráfica, aunque requiere ajustes que permitan mejorar la comunicación técnica y equilibrar los niveles de exigencia, tiempo y carga cognitiva.
Seasonal and Spatial Assessment of Residential Photovoltaic Feasibility in Spain Under Current and Future Climate Conditions Using the APV,N Indicator
(MDPI, 2026) Torres González, Marta; Delgado Gutiérrez, Evelyn Yaneth; Kiszkis, Weronika; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Ingeniería Gráfica; Construcciones Arquitectónicas I; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
This study evaluates the spatial and seasonal feasibility of residential PV integration across 52 Spanish municipalities representing the country’s main urban areas. The assessment is based on the normalized photovoltaic sizing indicator (APV,N), defined as the PV area required to offset electricity demand per square metre of conditioned floor area. Simulations were performed under current climate conditions and future projections for 2050 and 2100 using the RCP4.5 scenario. Results reveal strong climatic and seasonal contrasts. Under current conditions, annual PV generation offsets approximately 17–18% of residential electricity demand. Southern and Mediterranean municipalities show the highest feasibility, with annual APV,N values of approximately 2–2.5, whereas northern and inland regions present severe winter limitations, with APV,N values frequently exceeding 15–20. Summer is the most favourable season, with PV systems covering more than 50% of seasonal demand in several southern municipalities. Future climate projections indicate a progressive improvement in PV feasibility. Under RCP4.5, annual APV,N decreases by approximately 5–10% by 2100, while the production-to-consumption (P/C) ratio improves by about 15–20% relative to present conditions, mainly due to reduced heating demand. The results demonstrate that future climate conditions may improve the viability of residential PV systems in Spain, particularly in southern and coastal urban areas, while northern regions will remain constrained during winter. The study provides quantitative benchmarks for climate-sensitive PV planning and long-term urban energy strategies.
Physical–mechanical behavior of cement and lime mortars with mixed aggregate of sand and crushed recycled glass
(Elsevier, 2026) Alducín Ochoa, Juan Manuel; Martín del Río, Juan Jesús; Corona, Yanet; Torres González, Marta; Flores Alés, Vicente; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II; Ingeniería Gráfica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; TEP198: Materiales y Construcción
Mortars made of mixed cement and lime (mixed mortar) have good mechanical behaviour and improve adhesion to other materials. In this study, mixed mortars have been prepared and characterized with a partial replacement of 25% of the natural aggregate by recycled crushed glass. The physical and mechanical properties have been evaluated and the ultrasonic transmission rates have been determined. The Student's t-test was used to statistically analyze the outcomes. Internal structures and potential mineralogical alterations were analyzed by SEM. The characteristics of these mortars were compared with those of reference ones. The resistance results have revealed an improvement of the mixed mortar with glass compared to the reference mixed mortar of 14% in bending and 10% in compression. Moreover, a decrease in Young's modulus has been shown in mixed mortars with glass in comparison with the reference mixed mortars, although the addition of glass does not imply statistically significant differences.
Case Study: Risk mapping of contamination from fish industry waste in the marinecoastal zone of the Santa Rosa District, Peru, using remote sensing tools
(2026) Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Hoyos Alayo, Walter Manuel; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Ingeniería Gráfica; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente; TEP107: Estructuras y Geotecnia
Anthropogenic contamination in marine-coastal ecosystems remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges globally. In Peru, despite the significant presence of fish processing activities, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments regarding the generation and management of solid waste from this sector. This study focuses on the Santa Rosa District in the Lambayeque region, analyzing the risk of contamination caused by fish industry waste discharged into the Pacific Ocean through Drain 4000, covering an area of approximately 16 km². Utilizing 455 Sentinel-2 L2A satellite images from 2018 to 2023 and remote sensing techniques integrated with GIS tools, we developed contamination risk maps that highlight the most vulnerable zones. The combination of these technologies enables a spatially detailed, timely, and cost-effective method for environmental monitoring. Results indicate that the areas surrounding the fish processing facilities in Santa Rosa are at high risk of contamination, posing serious ecological and socio-economic threats. These insights provide a foundation for targeted environmental policies and improved waste management strategies in the region
Generation of green hydrogen from wind energy in Huanchaco - La Libertad, Peru
(Universe Scientific Publishing, 2026) Castillo Vargas, Santos Andrés; Villoslada Chilón, Alexander Manuel; Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad Tecnológica del Perú; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
This study evaluates the technical potential for green hydrogen production from wind energy in the coastal district of Huanchaco, located in the La Libertad region of northern Peru. A long-term dataset of hourly wind speed records from 2010 to 2024, obtained from the NASA POWER (MERRA-2) database, was used to characterize the wind resource. Wind speeds measured at 50 m were extrapolated to the turbine hub height (80 m) using the power law. The statistical behavior of wind speed was modeled using a two-parameter Weibull distribution, with parameters estimated through the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), achieving an excellent fit (R2 > 0.99; RMSE < 0.01). The results indicate a moderate but seasonally stable wind regime, with monthly wind power density values ranging from 71 to 216 W/m2 and capacity factors between 0.17 and 0.32 for a Siemens Gamesa SG 2.1-114 wind turbine. The estimated annual electricity generation reaches approximately 4.65 GWh, enabling a hydrogen production of about 77.6 t per year through proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, assuming a specific energy consumption of 54 kWh/kg and a rectifier efficiency of 90%. A preliminary economic analysis yields a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of approximately 7.1 USD/kg under current investment conditions. These findings demonstrate that coastal regions, characterized by moderate but temporally stable wind regimes, can support technically viable configurations for decentralized green hydrogen production. The study provides region-specific quantitative evidence that contributes to energy planning and highlights the importance of considering both wind resource magnitude and temporal stability in wind-to-hydrogen system assessments.
Automation of learning workflows for 3D modeling skills in engineering education
(MDPI, 2026-05-13) Salmerón Medina, Francisco; Alcalde Rico, María; Canales Aguilera, Diego; Gómez Estern, Fabio; Valderrama Gual, Francisco Andrés; Ingeniería Gráfica; TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
This paper presents a novel platform for automated self-paced learning in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) courses within engineering education. The platform fully automates the entire learning cycle, including exercise generation, submission, scheduling, test design, and grading. The central hypothesis posits that complete automation reduces repetitive tasks for instructors, allowing them to dedicate more time to individualized student support. The system also provides key advantages: it generates unique exercises for each student to prevent plagiarism while maintaining comparable complexity; it delivers instantaneous grading and feedback to enhance motivation; and it enables students to work with almost any CAD software, as the evaluation relies on physical properties rather than commercial tools. After several years of successive testing and refinement, the tool can generate and accurately grade frequent activities in large student cohorts, providing abundant data points. Their statistical analysis, via multiple approaches, confirms that the system reliably produces individualized exercises, reduces grading errors, and offers prompt, consistent feedback, thereby supporting a more efficient and engaging learning process.
La IA como herramienta para la realización de trabajos monográficos en asignaturas de materiales de construcción
(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2025) Torres González, Marta; Flores Alés, Vicente; Ingeniería Gráfica; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II
Este trabajo presenta una experiencia de innovación docente en el Grado en Edificación de la Universidad de Sevilla, orientada a optimizar la adquisición de competencias, fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo y superar el enfoque puramente cognitivo en la asignatura Materiales II. El estudio, realizado con 120 estudiantes durante el curso 2024-2025, analiza la integración de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la elaboración de trabajos monográficos. La metodología estructuró la actividad en cuatro fases (organización de grupos, búsqueda de información, supervisión y evaluación), exigiendo la verificación exhaustiva de toda la información generada por la IA. La evaluación combinó memoria escrita, exposición oral y autoevaluación, mediante una matriz de competencias que vinculó pensamiento crítico y uso ético de la IA. Los resultados mostraron que la calidad del trabajo dependió del pensamiento crítico del estudiante: el uso superficial de la IA condujo a información imprecisa o desactualizada, especialmente en el manejo de la normativa vigente. Aunque la IA facilitó la redacción de textos extensos y coherentes, la búsqueda tradicional resultó más eficaz para localizar ejemplos reales y casos aplicados. Se concluye que la IA es un recurso útil como apoyo y catalizador del pensamiento reflexivo, pero no sustituye el juicio humano. Es necesaria una orientación docente que fomente la formulación de consultas eficaces y la verificación de datos. Los estudiantes valoraron el ahorro de tiempo, aunque manifestaron dudas sobre la fiabilidad de la información. El futuro docente requiere guías y modelos de evaluación que integren la trazabilidad del contenido generado por IA.
Learning effectiveness of virtual environments for 3D terrain interpretation and data acquisition
(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Pérez Romero, Antonio Miguel; Castro García, Miguel; León-Bonillo, Manuel José; Manzano-Agugliaro, F.; Ingeniería Gráfica; AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory; RNM931: Tecnologías de la Información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different learning strategies for 3D terrain interpretation and data acquisition by engineering students. According to the experimental design, students received homogeneous training, followed by differential training, which divided the students into three statistically homogeneous groups where each group was subject to a different learning process: (1) virtual environment learning; (2) learning using physical scale models; and (3) a theoretical class. Afterwards, the students were evaluated using two tests under real field conditions. Results were obtained for the following study variables: field-test scores and whether or not the student was repeating the course. The students who learned using physical scale models obtained the best scores; their scores were significantly higher than those of students using virtual environment or a theoretical class. These findings open up new perspectives on the teaching of surveying with respect to other teaching methods.
Así vigilamos la salud hídrica de Doñana desde el cielo
(Conversation Media Group, 2025-07-14) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
En el contexto actual de emergencia climática y creciente escasez de agua, la gestión eficiente de este recurso es un desafío urgente. El Parque Nacional de Doñana, joya ecológica del sur de Europa, representa un ejemplo paradigmático de esta problemática. La disminución del nivel freático, el retroceso de lagunas temporales y el aumento de las temperaturas son signos visibles de un ecosistema en riesgo. Ante este escenario, las técnicas de teledetección, aquellas tecnologías basadas en la observación de la Tierra, desempeñan un papel esencial para comprender y anticipar los efectos del cambio climático sobre los recursos hídricos. Gracias al tratamiento digital de imágenes satelitales, y mediante el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, es posible identificar con precisión las variaciones en la cobertura de agua y vegetación.
Cómo predecir las cosechas a partir de imágenes por satélite
(Conversation Media Group, 2021-07-11) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Uno de los principales problemas del productor agrario es poder conocer, con exactitud, las toneladas de cosecha que va a obtener en su parcela. Dicha información es de gran importancia para la economía del empresario. Por un lado le permite cuantificar su beneficio. Por otro, gestionar los posibles mercados en los cuales pretende vender el producto cosechado. Los sistemas de aforo de cosecha actuales se basan en conteos basados en unidades de muestreo a pie de campo. Es cierto que tienen bastante acierto con la realidad, siempre y cuando sean efectuados por expertos conocedores de las características específicas del cultivo o plantación que se trate. Sin embargo, el uso de nuevas técnicas que permitan estimar la producción, basadas en el uso de big data a partir de imágenes satélites y en el internet de las cosas (IoT) se ha convertido en una herramienta de enorme importancia. Sus porcentajes de acierto alcanzan hasta el 95 %.
A las marismas de Doñana podrían quedarles 60 años de vida
(Conversation Media Group, 2026) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Las marismas de Doñana constituyen uno de los ecosistemas más valiosos de Europa. Situadas en el suroeste de la península ibérica, actúan como refugio para cientos de especies de aves migratorias,regulan el ciclo natural del agua ydesempeñan un papel clave en el equilibrio ecológico del territorio.Sin embargo, este paisaje emblemático se encuentra hoy en una situación crítica
Determinação da dose ótima de Trichoderma harzianum no desenvolvimento morfofisiológico de Pinus radiata em viveiro
(Reativar Ambiental, 2026) Cotrina-Urbina, Erlisson Jhoan; Hoyos Alayo, Walter Manuel; Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
A produção de mudas de Pinus radiata requer alternativas que aumentem o vigor e reduzam o uso de insumos químicos. Este estudo determinou a dose de Trichoderma harzianum sobre o desempenho morfofisiológico. O estudo executou um delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso com 48 unidades experimentais, 4 blocos, 4 tratamentos e 3 repetições por tratamento em cada bloco, com avaliação semanal durante 20 semanas. A equipe aplicou 0,75, 1,00 e 1,25 g/L ao substrato por drench, 100 mL por muda a cada 15 dias, e incluiu um controle sem aplicação. As doses intermediárias aumentaram a altura, 1,00 g/L atingiu 19,2 cm e 0,75 g/L 18,9 cm, com incrementos de 3,7 cm e 3,5 cm em relação ao controle, equivalentes a 24% e 22%. A análise situou o efeito no limiar de significância e o teste de Tukey separou o controle em a de 0,75 e 1,00 g/L em b, enquanto 1,25 g/L permaneceu em ab. O diâmetro do colo não diferiu, p = 0,230, o peso fresco não alcançou significância, p = 0,139, e a biomassa não diferiu, p = 0,2610. O estudo recomenda 1,00 g/L por apresentar maior altura e resposta mais uniforme, e propõe validação no pós-transplante com sobrevivência e massa seca.
Developing Topographic Surveying Software to Train Civil Engineers
(ASCE, 2017) Castro García, Miguel; Pérez Romero, Antonio Miguel; León-Bonillo, Manuel José; Manzano Agugliaro, Francisco; Ingeniería Gráfica
In this study, software was developed for the improvement of professional skills in topographic-surveying subjects taught in engineering degree programs. This learning tool is focused on developing the skill involved in virtual rod reading through the telescope of topographic equipment, attempting to completely substitute a traditional practical class (laboratory and field work). For assessment of the developed tool, two experimental student units were created by a process of homogenization of knowledge and later subdivided into groups. The first experimental unit was trained traditionally in handling topographic equipment. The second unit was trained virtually with the developed software. Results obtained for each group showed a high level of learning and revealed characteristics that differentiate the acquired professional skills. Because the effectiveness of reaching pedagogical goals with virtual training was demonstrated, it was concluded that the developed software could be substituted for field practice, offering a viable alternative in situations where there are insufficient economic resources for the teaching of topographic surveying.
Phoenician colonization from its origin to the 7th century BC
(Informa UK Limited, 2025) Manzano Agugliaro, Francisco; Marín-Buzón, Carmen; Carpintero Lozano, Susana; López Castro, José Luis; Ingeniería Gráfica; RNM931: Tecnologías de la Información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
Phoenician colonization, from its origins to the 7th century BC, was characterized by strategic expansion, the establishment of trade networks, and significant cultural interactions with indigenous populations. Phoenician expansion reached the Atlantic coast and key points throughout North Africa as early as the 9th century BC, where small commercial settlements were established. From the beginning of the 8th century BC, colonial settlements multiplied, designed to accommodate growing populations and enable the exploitation of natural resources. These settlements developed into urban and territorial centers, concentrated along major navigation routes near the Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Sicily. By the 7th century BC, the older Western colonies had founded new settlements on their peripheries, including previously uninhabited areas. These new colonies formed part of a Phoenician political-territorial space defined during the previous century, which encompassed two main regions: the central Mediterranean and the western Mediterranean
Exactitud posicional en la representación de la trama urbana de Cádiz (s. XVIII):un conjunto de mapas únicoen la cartografía histórica de España
(Asociación Española de Geografía, 2025) Aguilar Camacho, Joaquín; Granado Castro, Gabriel; Ingeniería Gráfica
El artículo recopila y analiza el singular repertorio cartográfico de plantas urbanas de Cádiz a lo largo del siglo XVIII, que plasmó la fisonomía de esta plaza fuerte mostrando la evolución de su trama y sistema defensivo durante un período, el ilustrado, en el que la ciudad adquirió todo su esplendor. Los primeros ejemplares fueron elaborados por el Corps du génie francés durante la Guerra de Sucesión española; el resto, pertenecen al cuerpo homólogo español, fundado en el año 1710 a instancias de Felipe V. La investigación desarrollada aporta una visión general sobre el grado de exactitud posicional alcanzado por el conjunto de planos, evaluada en términos del error promedio cuadrático (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE) y su desviación estándar muestral, con ayuda de la herramienta MapAnalyst. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar y caracterizar ciertos aspectos que ayudan a interpretar la dispar exactitud del repertorio y confirmar la existencia de relaciones entre sus ejemplares.
Avaliação comparativa das farinhas das cascas de Citrus aurantifolia e Passiflora edulis como bioadsorventes para a remoção de arsênio da água potável
(Reativar Ambiental, 2026) Hoyos Alayo, Walter Manuel; Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Ingeniería Gráfica; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
A contaminação por arsênio na água para consumo humano permanece uma crise persistente em comunidades rurais e periurbanas no Peru, onde as concentrações medidas frequentemente excedem o limite máximo permissível de 0,010 mg/L, aumentando a vulnerabilidade em saúde pública. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia das farinhas de casca de Citrus aurantifolia e Passiflora edulis como bioadsorventes para remoção de arsênio em água potável. Implementou-se um delineamento fatorial 4×3 (dose e tempo de contato), ajustado por um modelo de metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR/RSM); a validação analítica foi realizada por ICP-OES e a inferência estatística incluiu ANOVA com modelo fatorial geral complementar. A farinha de Passiflora edulis atingiu remoções de até 90,2% sob condições ótimas (3,92 g L⁻¹, 29,1 min), reduzindo a concentração final de arsênio para 0,010 mg/L. Em contraste, a farinha de Citrus aurantifolia atingiu remoção máxima de 56,1% em 7,76 g L⁻¹ e 49,1 min. O modelo estatístico explicou mais de 96% da variabilidade e confirmou a importância da dose e o efeito sinérgico do tempo de contato, com ajuste superior para Passiflora edulis (R² ajustado = 95,85%). Concluímos que a farinha de casca de Passiflora edulis é uma alternativa eficiente, de baixo custo e alinhada à economia circular, viável para contextos com restrições tecnológicas
Using satellite remote sensing to estimate rangeland carrying capacity for sustainable management of the Marismeño horse in Doñana National Park, Spain
(MDPI, 2025-12-05) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Díaz de la Serna Moreno, Ángel; Delgado Pertíñez, Manuel; Ingeniería Gráfica; Agronomía; RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
Rangeland degradation poses a serious challenge for the sustainable management of free-ranging livestock in Mediterranean wetlands. In Doñana National Park, Spain, the endangered Marismeño horse depends exclusively on natural forage, making it essential to monitor vegetation productivity and grazing suitability under increasing climate variability. This study presents a satellite-based assessment of rangeland carrying capacity to support the adaptive management of this iconic breed. A six-year time series (2015–2020) of 1242 images from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and Sentinel-2 (L1C/L2A) was processed using ILWIS and Python-based workflows to derive vegetation indices (GNDVI, NDMI) and model aboveground biomass, forage energy, and grazing pressure across five grazing units. Results revealed strong seasonal cycles, with biomass and nutritive value peaking in spring and declining sharply in summer. Ecotonal zones such as La Vera y Sotos acted as crucial refuges during drought-induced resource shortages. The harmonized multi-sensor approach demonstrated high reliability for mapping forage dynamics and assessing carrying capacity at fine scales. This remote sensing framework offers an effective, scalable tool for sustainable livestock management in Doñana, directly supporting biodiversity conservation and the long-term resilience of Mediterranean rangeland ecosystems.
The hidden cost of comfort: regulatory blindness to humidity and a new energy poverty index for tropical housing
(Elsevier, 2025) Delgado Gutiérrez, Evelyn Yaneth; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Canivell, Jacinto; Torres González, Marta; Ingeniería Gráfica; Construcciones Arquitectónicas II
Prevailing thermal comfort and energy efficiency standards such as ASHRAE 55 and NEC HS-EE are fundamentally misaligned with the climatic realities of tropical regions, where relative humidity—rather than temperature—constitutes the dominant factor influencing occupant comfort. Both frameworks rely primarily on-air temperature and running mean calculations, neglecting the substantial influence of relative humidity. This simplification is particularly problematic in tropical climates, where high humidity levels frequently amplify the perception of heat, impair natural cooling mechanisms, and significantly increase the need for mechanical systems. This study evaluates the performance of low-income housing in coastal Ecuador using dynamic simulations under current and future climate scenarios, comparing energy demand outcomes for envelope designs compliant with NEC and ASHRAE standards. The results show that these standards, while effective in temperate climates, lead to internal overheating and substantially increased cooling loads when applied to tropical settings. Moreover, the inclusion of relative humidity in comfort analysis reveals that actual thermal conditions often surpass acceptable thresholds—even when operative temperatures fall within the normative comfort bands. To better reflect the lived thermal experience, a modified energy poverty indicator is proposed, integrating relative humidity as a key variable. Findings show that achieving real comfort conditions under high humidity may require up to ten times more energy than estimated by temperature-only models, pushing household costs beyond affordability limits. These results highlight a critical mismatch between prevailing standards and tropical climatic conditions, underscoring the need for more context-sensitive frameworks that explicitly address humidity-driven discomfort and its socioeconomic consequences

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