Artículos (Ingeniería Gráfica)

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Design of a waste classification system using a low experimental cost capacitive sensor and machine learning algorithms
(MDPI, 2025-02-04) Vesga Ferreira, Juan Carlos; Pérez Waltero, Harold Esneider; Barrera Vera, José Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
The management and classification of solid waste is one of the most important challenges worldwide. The objective is to design a basic waste classification system at the source using a low-cost experimental capacitive sensor and machine learning algorithms. For this, two types of sensor models were established (Traditional Model (MT) and Non-Traditional Model (MNT)), which were built with recyclable material and tested with different types of materials, in order to evaluate their behavior and sensitivity level. The results obtained demonstrated that the two sensors responded with acceptable sensitivity levels for each of the materials used as a test; however, the MNT was the one that generated the values with the greatest variability, an aspect that is deemed highly significant, because, thanks to this type of response to various types of materials, it facilitates the classification processes through the use of machine learning algorithms. Finally, the two prototypes of sensors manufactured can be considered of significant relevance for the development of more complex solutions, related to the classification and possible characterization of materials, when compared to the capacitive sensors found on the market, which only then allow us to identify if there is a presence or not of some object through adjustment by potentiometer, generating as a result a digital output. This aspect largely limits the use of commercial capacitive sensors to applications exclusively related to presence or level detection.
Courtyards as passive climate buffers: Enhancing thermal comfort and preventive conservation in mediterranean climates
(Elsevier, 2015) Torres González, Marta; Rodríguez Antuña, Luis; Bienvenido Huertas, José David; Alducín Ochoa, Juan Manuel; León Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Rubio Bellido, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE)
This study examines the role of Mediterranean courtyards as passive systems for mitigating extreme climatic conditions while enhancing thermal comfort and preserving architectural heritage. Using the Courtyard of the Maidens in the Royal Alcázar of Seville as a case study, the research includes a three-year monitoring campaign (2020–2023) to collect ambient temperature and relative humidity data, assessing seasonal variations and the impact of heatwaves. Key findings demonstrate that the courtyard moderates extreme temperatures, reducing reliance on active cooling and heating systems, and contributes to improved comfort levels for users. Additionally, the study highlights the courtyard’s role in minimising environmental stress on heritage materials, particularly its ability to maintain conditions favourable for the conservation of plasterwork and other decorative elements. The study underlines the importance of integrating passive architectural strategies, such as courtyards, into urban planning to promote sustainability and resilience in Mediterranean climates increasingly affected by climate change. It offers valuable insights into how historic architectural features can address contemporary environmental challenges.
Optimization of laser scanner positioning networks for architectural surveys through the design of genetic algorithms
(Elsevier, 2021) Cabrera Revuelta. Elena; Chávez de Diego, María José; Barrera Vera, José Antonio; Fernández Rodríguez, Yago; Caballero Sánchez, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I (ETSII); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica
In recent decades, the use of terrestrial laser scanners has become the principal method for metric data collection in architecture. However, there are no systematic procedures in place to plan the data capture process. This means that the obtaining tasks of the clouds of points are based either on operator experience, or on the overlap register that grants a complete acquisition. In both cases, data redundancy represents a significant percentage, which forces subsequent filtration or point removal. This work describes the design and development of an automated methodology, based on genetic algorithms, for the selection of a set of positions from which to execute the data capture process. The algorithm designed herein is applied to a variety of cases, thereby attaining the best station-positioning network for data collection, which maximizes coverage and minimizes overlap between clouds of points.
Evaluating resilience and thermal comfort in Mediterranean dwellings: a level(s) framework approach
(MDPI, 2025-02-18) Díaz López, Carmen; Pérez Rendón, Cristina Alba; Serrano Jiménez, Antonio José; Barrios Padura, Ángela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP206: SATH Sostenibilidad en Arquitectura, Tecnología y Patrimonio: Materialidad y Sistemas Constructivos; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM162: Composición, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente
The construction sector plays a pivotal role in urban development, providing a critical opportunity to foster a cultural shift towards the regeneration of housing stock. This shift focuses on sustainable and resilient urban interventions to extend the lifespan of buildings, starting from the design phase. In this context, the European Union’s Level(s) framework, which establishes sustainability indicators, is particularly relevant to this research, as it promotes circular economy principles and building resilience. The framework provides a comprehensive set of indicators that guide resilient housing rehabilitation methodologies. Indicator 2.3 supports the design and renovation of obsolete housing, emphasizing the maximization of resilience against climatic, functional, and socio-economic impacts. Meanwhile, Indicator 4.2 evaluates the thermal comfort of building occupants concerning indoor conditions throughout the year. The primary aim of this study is to develop a resilient housing rehabilitation methodology based on Level(s), which includes (i) assessing the current resilience of a pilot case, (ii) designing new resilient housing configurations, (iii) evaluating thermal comfort duration for older adults, and (iv) analyzing cost amortization. The research findings indicate that the proposed rehabilitation approach significantly improves occupants’ resilience to climate-related stressors and thermal comfort, particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of adapting thermal comfort standards for these populations and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of resilience strategies. The outcomes contribute to a flexible and accessible refurbishment model that meets diverse tenant needs, offering a scalable solution for sustainable urban interventions.
Modular dynamics paradigm in biosystems multilevel modeling: Software design and PBPK/PD validation
(Elsevier, 2025-04) Prado-Velasco, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC214: Modelado Multiescala y Tecnologías Emergentes en Bioingeniería
Objective: The development of mechanistic-based modeling and simulation (M&S) tools is essential for advancing our understanding of biological systems. This study presents a novel M&S software tool, Cyborgs Simulator (CybSim), which employs a novel modular modeling paradigm on top of an acausal object-oriented modeling language (OOML)-defined architecture. This paradigm avoids the imposition of hard links between biosystem components and the mechanisms that drive their dynamics, thus facilitating the evolution of the biological model with newly discovered mechanisms. Methods: Following an examination of the fundamental principles underlying the formal definition of mechanistic models in the field of biosciences, which provides the rationale for the modular dynamics paradigm, a conceptual framework and subsequent computational design of CybSim that supports it are presented. In addition, the description includes pertinent features of CybSim, such as the multi-modeling approach, the separation of biosystems from artificial (machine) components, and their connection to algorithmic blocks. The reliability and accuracy of CybSim are evaluated through the construction and comparison of the predictions of two physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models with their published references, in other M&S tools. Results: The logarithmic absolute errors of bacterial count predictions were below 2 % in almost all scenarios of the aditoprim model in pigs (reference model in Berkeley Madonna 8.3.23), while the mean absolute prediction errors calculated as a function of time were similar to the numerical precision of the integrators ( in all scenarios of the caffeine model in humans (reference model in mrgsolve 1.5.1). PBPK/PD models in CybSim required only one flow-limited tissue for all mechanistic configurations, demonstrating the reliability of the modular modeling paradigm. The validation of CybSim included other essential features such as the incorporation of a module for accessing and predicting of biological–physiological data, an algorithmic system that includes metric blocks and pharmacodynamics, and an artificial systems module. Conclusion: The study confirms that the modular dynamics paradigm can be implemented under modern acausal OOML M&S tools to facilitate the discovery and addition of new mechanistic knowledge in biosystems models. CybSim is a novel graphical modular modeling tool for biosystems that incorporates this paradigm and has been validated under several scenarios for the PBPK modeling approach.
Smart Sensors and Virtual Physiology Human Approach as a Basis of Personalized Therapies in Diabetes Mellitus
(Bentham Open, 2010) Fernández Peruchena, Carlos María; Prado-Velasco, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a growing incidence and prevalence in modern societies, pushed by the aging and change of life styles. Despite the huge resources dedicated to improve their quality of life, mortality and morbidity rates, these are still very poor. In this work, DM pathology is revised from clinical and metabolic points of view, as well as mathematical models related to DM, with the aim of justifying an evolution of DM therapies towards the correction of the physiological metabolic loops involved. We analyze the reliability of mathematical models, under the perspective of virtual physiological human (VPH) initiatives, for generating and integrating customized knowledge about patients, which is needed for that evolution. Wearable smart sensors play a key role in this frame, as they provide patient’s information to the models. A telehealthcare computational architecture based on distributed smart sensors (first processing layer) and personalized physiological mathematical models integrated in Human Physiological Images (HPI) computational components (second processing layer), is presented. This technology was designed for a renal disease telehealthcare in earlier works and promotes crossroads between smart sensors and the VPH initiative. We suggest that it is able to support a truly personalized, preventive, and predictive healthcare model for the delivery of evolved DM therapies.
Utilización de mapas Getis-Ord Gi* para entender la movilidad ciclista durante la temporada de invierno en Valencia, España
(Publicaciones Dyna, 2022-07) Pino Cáceres, María del Mar; Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Cáceres Sánchez, Noelia; Pino Mejías, José Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM931: Tecnologías de la información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
En los últimos años, la Administración ha prestado más aten-ción al uso de la bicicleta a la hora de considerar los planes de movilidad sostenible. La comprensión de los patrones espacio-temporales de la movilidad ciclista puede servir de referencia para la planificación de las infraestructuras ciclistas. Este estudio ex-plora la aplicación de la estadística Getis-ord Gi*, extendiendo los valores de los contadores por métodos de interpolación espacial, para analizar los efectos geográficos del invierno en la movilidad ciclista en Valencia (España). A partir de 447.845 medidas reco-gidas por 59 detectores, se analizó la variabilidad del número de bicicletas en días laborables y en fines de semana en términos de puntos calientes/fríos consecutivos, disminuyentes, intensos, persistentes, oscilantes, esporádicos o nuevos, con una variación temporal de 30 minutos. A diferencia de lo que cabría esperar, la estación invernal no influye de forma significativa en el uso de la bicicleta en los alrededores de los campus universitarios en días laborables o en las zonas de recreo durante los fines de semana, definiéndolos como puntos calientes. En cambio, los alrededores de Valencia presentan puntos fríos que se intensifican, estando limitados por las estaciones de metro, pues este periodo inver-nal es cuando se producen cambios en los medios de transporte. Los puntos calientes persistentes muestran patrones de movilidad aceptados entre la población de Valencia que podrían ser promovi-dos por el gobierno local, por ejemplo, mejorando la disponibilidad de bicicletas entre los estudiantes y diseñando paseos de fin de semana atractivos para los ciudadanos como actividad saludable.
Validation of Regional Positioning Service User Connectionsas Support in Update Cartography
(Wiley Online Library, 2025-02) Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Ramos Sánchez, Francisco Jesús; Marín-Buzón, Carmen; Verdú Vázquez, Amparo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM931: Tecnologías de la información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
The significant demand for highly updated geospatial or cartographic information surpasses the capacity of the official agencies responsible for its generation. The procedure for updating official cartography, in some Spanish regions, can take more than three or 4 years. This long process depends to a large extent on the national planning of aerial flights, but also on actions linked to the updates of changes in their geodatabases. There are alternative non-cartographic sources of geoinformation that can locate these variations more quickly than waiting for triannual orthophoto generation and reduce these times. This article focusses on a potential option derived from the location of users connections to a regional differential position corrections transmission system in Andalusia (Spain) used by surveyors. Three data selection studies are presented to evaluate this source for the detection of new or altered construction, covering the period 2008–2016. The results show a 95% success rate for new developments, 87% for newlinear public works, and 72% for new urban services or facilities, validating its potential usefulness for updating cartography. The main advantages of this source lie in the speed of detection of an area under construction and in the definition of a preliminary boundary. The analysis of temporal statistics from this source, filtered by construction activities, can also be useful in target-ing and prioritizing the mapping planning of public agencies and improving the effectiveness of false positive image-to-imagechange detection, reducing the time to update the official cartography.
Sistema automático de gestión de consultas en aulas informáticas
(Publicaciones DYNA, 2012-03-30) Roces-García, Jorge; Álvarez-Cuervo, Rafael; Alonso-González, Jorge; García Ruesgas, Laura; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica
Las aulas dotadas con ordenadores son cada día más frecuentes en la docencia de múltiples disciplinas técnicas. Un problema que se presenta en estas aulas es la gestión, ecuánime, de las solicitudes de consulta de los alumnos durante su trabajo. Normalmente,los alumnos solicitan la ayuda llamando la atención del profesor alzando la mano en el momento en que surge una duda y el profesor debe decidir qué alumno atenderá, por lo que muchos no serán atendidos debidamente si las peticiones se acumulan. Actualmente la gestión de colas es un proceso automatizable y parece anacrónico atender las consultas de los estudiantes de forma arbitraria. En un aula universitaria se ha introducido una nueva herramienta TIC, denominada CRONOS, un programa informático experimental, desarrollado por los autores de este artículo, que se ejecuta en los puestos de trabajo del aula y en un computador servidor equipado con un monitor visible desde todos los puntos del aula. El sistema no requiere la adquisición de hardware específico. CRONOS se encarga de gestionar la cola de consultas de los alumnos recibiendo éstas en la secuencia en que se generan y mostrando en el monitor del servidor el número del puesto de trabajo que el profesor debe atender a continuación. Los alumnos pueden solicitar consultas de dudas o de corrección para que el profesor evalúe su trabajo finalizado. Esta nueva herramienta docente es aceptada por los alumnos como un estímulo muy positivo y motivacional. Una vez implementado el sistema y comparadas las sesiones tradicionales respecto a las sesiones con CRONOS, se ha comprobado que resulta de gran utilidad para estudiar el desarrollo de la actividad docente y mejorarla, porque permite medir la efectividad del trabajo del alumno y optimizar los tiempos de espera y de atención, entre otros parámetros
Projective geometric model for automatic determination of X-ray-emitting source of a standard radiographic system
(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) García Ruesgas, Laura; Álvarez-Cuervo, Rafael; Valderrama Gual, Francisco Andrés; Roja-Sola, José Ignacio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Oviedo
Background and objective Currently, many orthopedic operations are planned by analyzing X-rays. The exact position of the focus is needed to calculate the real size of an object that is represented in conical projection, although in practice, this position is difficult to determine using current X-ray commercial systems. In this paper, a new geometric model is proposed in order to determine accurately, practically, and economically the location of the emitting source of commercial imaging systems using a single standard X-ray image. Method The method requires a specific reference locator object to be positioned in the visual field of radiographic image. Because this object cannot implement ideal geometric points, but instead works with small spheres, it was necessary to experimentally validate the proposed methodology. The implemented software that was developed to validate the model was used in four series of tests. In these tests, we studied the influence on the final result of: 1. the selection of a specific set of markers in radiography, 2. the focus position variation in relation to radiograph and 3. the possible rotated angle of locator object about Z axis. Results The results for 164 tests that were performed with this software showed that the expected error for 99.5% of values ranges with maximum error of [-0.35%, +0.39%], which shows that the model is independent of the design of locator object and its position and orientation in the radiographic field. The software used to validate the proposed model has been found useful to verify its reliability, effectiveness, ease of implementation, and accuracy. Conclusions This model is effective to calculate the precise position of the X-ray focus of any standard radiographic system accurately.
Reconstrucción virtual de aperos antiguos mediante renderización y modelado 3D: Estudio ergonómico
(Universidad Politénica de Valencia, 2014-10-23) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Yanes Figueroa, Jesús; Hazman Hend, Lalla; Noguero Hernández, María Dolores; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica
A lo largo de la historia del ser humano, la maquinaria agrícola ha sido parte inseparable de su evolución socio-cultural, dando lugar a una interconexión del conocimiento rural entre diferentes culturas y civilizaciones. Esto, unido tanto a las necesidades particulares de cada asentamiento, como al conocimiento de la tecnología, tuvo como consecuencia la aparición de una gran variedad de aperos de labranza, cada uno de los cuales realizaba, perfectamente, la misión para la que había sido fabricado. En el presente estudio se analizaron un total de tres aperos de labranza (sembradora, arado de vertedera y desbrozadora), básicos para el desarrollo de cualquier comunidad agrícola, a través de diferentes categorías crono- arqueológicas, con el fin de ver la relación existente entre el desarrollo tecnológico y sus características ergonómicas. Los resultados muestran como los primeros instrumentos de labranza diseñados y utilizados por el hombre mantienen el mismo principio básico de diseño en las diferentes culturas y civilizaciones que han existido, aunque la inclusión de pequeñas modificaciones en el diseño original ha tenido una evolución lenta, pero constante, a lo largo del tiempo. El uso de software de diseño 3D ha sido muy importante para este estudio.
Discrete variable 3D models in Computer extended Descriptive Geometry (CeDG): Building of polygonal sheet-metal elbows and comparison against CAD
(Elsevier, 2025-02) Prado-Velasco, Manuel; García Ruesgas, Laura; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC214: Modelado Multiescala y Tecnologías Emergentes en Bioingeniería
Validation of regional positioning service user connections as support in update cartography
(Wiley, 2025) Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Ramos Sánchez, Francisco Jesús; Marín-Buzón, Carmen; Verdú Vázquez, Amparo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. RNM931: Tecnologías de la Información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
The significant demand for highly updated geospatial or cartographic information surpasses the capacity of the official agencies responsible for its generation. The procedure for updating official cartography, in some Spanish regions, can take more than three or 4 years. This long process depends to a large extent on the national planning of aerial flights, but also on actions linked to the updates of changes in their geodatabases. There are alternative non-cartographic sources of geoinformation that can locate these variations more quickly than waiting for triannual orthophoto generation and reduce these times. This article focusses on a potential option derived from the location of users connections to a regional differential position corrections transmission system in Andalusia (Spain) used by surveyors. Three data selection studies are presented to evaluate this source for the detection of new or altered construction, covering the period 2008–2016. The results show a 95% success rate for new developments, 87% for new linear public works, and 72% for new urban services or facilities, validating its potential usefulness for updating cartography. The main advantages of this source lie in the speed of detection of an area under construction and in the definition of a preliminary boundary. The analysis of temporal statistics from this source, filtered by construction activities, can also be useful in targeting and prioritizing the mapping planning of public agencies and improving the effectiveness of false positive image-to-image change detection, reducing the time to update the official cartography.
Use of remote sensing techniques to infer the red globe grape variety in the Chancay-Lambayeque Valley (Northern Peru)
(Elsevier, 2024-01) Ramírez Juidias, Emilio; Amaro Mellado, José Lázaro; Leiva Piedra, Jorge Luis; Mediano-Guisado, José Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica
Hitherto, it is essential to ensure sustainable crop production to carry out adequate control of agricultural yields. Remote sensing plays a pivotal role in this context, as it not only enhances the monitoring of crop growth but also optimizes the accuracy of yield predictions. For this reason, in this study has been used remote sensing and GIS techniques to predict red globe variety yield on four field plot trials, carried out on Lambayeque department, (three in Pátapo district and one in Chongoyape district) with drip irrigation in an agricultural area located in the Chacay-Lambayeque Valley at Northern of Peru. To carry out this work, a total of 423 satellite imageries (138 Landsat 8 OLI, 218 Sentinel 2 L2A and 67 Landsat 7 ETM+) were acquired during the study period (from November 1st, 2018 up to December 10th, 2021). During the harvest dates, December and June of each year, the yield data (kg ha−1) per plot were correlated with the dry matter production data (kg ha−1), resulting in a KNN based algorithm capable of predicting yield (r = 0.91; R2 = 0.969; p ≤ 0.05). In order to check the accuracy of red globe grape variety yield estimates, authors analyzed the data collected by satellite imageries and finding that the difference between the predicted and actual yield values was between 0.07 and 6.03%. Results of this study revealed a considerable variation in field productivity, between December (mean value of 10,250 kg/ha) and June (mean value of 8500 kg/ha), as a consequence of the El Niño phenomenon. It was also observed that the relationship between grape yield and the assessed indices (GNDVI, HDMI, and dry matter) exhibited a weak correlation for HDMI, high for GNDVI, and very high for dry matter. In conclusion, it has been demostrated that combining KNN and Correction Algorithm (CA) resulted in more precise yield estimation.
Juan Vespucci (1487–ca. 1527): a cosmographer, seaman and merchant at the heart of Spanish charting of the New World. Universidad Libre de Bruselas (Bélgica), enero 2024. Director: Wouter Bracke. [Reseña]
(Asociación Española de Geografía, 2024) Morato-Moreno, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica
En enero de 2024 Luis Robles Macías defendió la tesis doctoral titulada Juan Vespucci (1487 - ca. 1527): A Cosmographer, Seaman and Merchant at the Heart of Spanish Charting of the New World, dirigida por el doctor Wouter Bracke en la Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Libre de Bruselas (ULB), Bélgica; de cuyo tribunal formé parte. Amerigo Vespucci desempeñó un papel crucial en la historia y en la geografía por sus contribuciones al conocimiento europeo sobre el Nuevo Mundo. Su figura quizás haya eclipsado la de su sobrino Giovani Vespucci, quien hacia 1507 se traslada desde su Florencia natal hasta Sevilla, donde le espera su tío Amerigo. Llamado Giovanni al nacer, este joven pronto aprenderá castellano y adoptará la versión local de su nombre de pila, Juan. Durante las dos décadas siguientes, participará directa o indirectamente -como piloto real de la Casa de la Contratación de las Indias- en algunos de los acontecimientos más significativos de la Era de las Exploraciones europeas, como el descubrimiento del océano Pacífico, la conquista española de México y la competencia entre España y Portugal por el control del comercio de las especias, que dará lugar a la primera circunnavegación del planeta. El objetivo de la tesis es documentar y analizar cada una de las facetas de la vida de Juan Vespucci -piloto, cartógrafo, comerciante y enlace entre España e Italia- para que los conocimientos adquiridos arrojen luz sobre cuatro acontecimientos históricos más amplios: la exploración española de América y el Pacífico, la revolución de la cartografía renacentista, los albores del comercio transatlántico y el flujo de información e influencias culturales entre las dos penínsulas del sur de Europa. Se ha seguido una metodología basada en la "biografía en contexto", que alterna entre el protagonista y su contexto histórico; y que resulta muy acertada. A menudo, en la historia de la cartografía, el análisis cartográfico ha comenzado con la contextualización de las circunstancias que rodearon la elaboración del mapa con las preguntas clásicas: qué, por quién, cuándo, dónde, cómo, para quién, por qué y para qué. Pero pocas veces se ha explorado en profundidad la biografía del cartógrafo, arrojando luz -como en esta tesis- sobre la investigación cartográfica. Se lleva a cabo una investigación multidisciplinar, utilizando de forma coherente diferentes metodologías tanto para la investigación biográfica como para el análisis cartográfico. Con un lenguaje ameno, cercano y muy claro, toda la disertación mantiene un ritmo fresco y homogéneo, como si toda esa inmensa obra se hubiese redactado de una sola vez. Tras sus 930 páginas hay un trabajo exhaustivo de minuciosa documentación y revisión sistemática. La tesis aporta nuevos datos biográficos sobre la vida de Juan Vespucci y las personas que formaron parte de su familia y entorno. Desvela cuestiones relacionadas con la Casa de la Contratación y el Padrón Real, que hasta ahora no habían sido estudiadas en profundidad, o se habían extraído conclusiones que, tras esta investigación, se han demostrado erróneas. Se han realizado interesantes aportaciones a la luz de nuevos datos o a una nueva interpretación de documentos ya conocidos, como la reconstrucción detallada de algunas de las expediciones en las que participó Juan Vespucci (Italia meridional, Castilla del Oro, Cubagua, Nueva España). También se ha identificado un nuevo tipo toponímico característico: el corpus ibérico occidental. Se da un giro inesperado sobre el supuesto motivo del despido de Vespucci de la Casa de la Contratación, por espiar para la casa de Médicis. La tesis aporta luz sobre una época, no por exhaustivamente estudiada, exenta de lagunas. Es importante el esfuerzo por desentrañar cómo se hacían los mapas, sobre todo manuscritos, en el siglo XVI, ya que ciertamente sabemos muy poco de cómo los cartógrafos realizaban su trabajo. Descubrir las convenciones, posiblemente específicas para cada escuela cartográfica e incluso para cada cartógrafo, las técnicas topográficas para la toma de datos, mediciones sobre el terreno, observaciones astronómicas y el correspondiente levantamiento planimétrico; es necesario para comprender cómo se llevó a cabo la revolución cartográfica que se produjo en el siglo XVI. Especialmente interesante y revelador es el estudio de la proyección azimutal polar equidistante (PAE). Se hace un relato cronológico de sus orígenes y desarrollo hasta la reconstrucción de la cadena de acontecimientos que llevaron a la impresión del mapamundi de Vespucci en Italia. Se exploran las motivaciones de Juan Vespucci para utilizar este tipo de "extraña" proyección. Se relaciona con las disputas entre los reinos de España y Portugal a raíz del Tratado de Tordesillas, debido a la facilidad de representar el meridiano y el antimeridiano, las líneas de demarcación. También revela la estrecha relación entre el mapa impreso en proyección PAE de Vespucci y la Suma de Geographia de Martín Fernández de Enciso. Las bases intelectuales de la modernidad se establecieron en el siglo XVI. A personajes como Juan Vespucci no se les ha dado la importancia que merecen, al igual que a tantas otras figuras secundarias del mundo hispánico e ibérico. Por eso esta tesis resulta muy oportuna y necesaria, aportando una visión fresca y precisa del horizonte intelectual de aquella época. Por último, se ofrece un extenso anexo documental con listas y cronologías detalladas, la transcripción de todos los documentos originales citados en la tesis, árboles genealógicos, así como el vasto corpus de topónimos analizados en los mapas utilizados en la investigación. Esta valiosa información será sin duda de enorme utilidad para futuras investigaciones.
Rehabilitation or demolition of small hydropower plants evaluation of the environmental and economic sustainability of the case study “El Cerrajón”
(MDPI, 2024-08-22) Vázquez López, Eduardo; Matitos Montoya, Víctor; Marrero Meléndez, Madelyn; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP172: Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica
During the 1950s, numerous small-capacity hydroelectric power plants were built in Spain. Seventy-five years on, it must now be decided whether to continue their operation or demolish them. In order to provide a valid answer, it is necessary to have access to decision-making tools that enable sustainable economic and environmental decision making. The present work proposes a methodology that employs an economic indicator of life cycle cost and environmental indicators of carbon footprint and embodied energy by means of life cycle data analysis. Quantification of the impacts was carried out with the support of construction cost databases and the PREDICE software tool for the quantification of environmental impacts incorporated into maintenance tasks. The case study of the “Cerrajón” power plant was analyzed, where historical hydrological cycles were considered. A life cycle scenario was evaluated in which renovation extended the life of the power plant by a further 75 years. The results show savings in environmental impacts with respect to the impacts of the Spanish energy mix of up to 175 kgCO2 per MWh produced, although no economic benefit was found. It was also shown that in climate change scenarios, the profit price breakeven increases. Rehabilitation appears to present the best choice when combining the two criteria.
Digital Great Britain coastlines (DiGBcoast v1.0): A Comprehensive Dataset of the Coastline Position of Great Britain from 1984 to 2022, Derived from Publicly Available Optical Satellite Imagery
(eCampus University Press, 2023) Payo, Andres; Jenkins, Gareth Owen; Gafeira, Joana; Torrecillas Lozano, Cristina; Beck, Anne-Laure; Baxter, Holly; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; European Space Agency (ESA); Open Cloud Research Environments (OCRE); Universidad de Sevilla. RNM931: Tecnologías de la información Geoespacial, Gráfica e Hidrológica
Satellite earth observation provides an unparalleled source of freely available data for studying dynamic coastlines over time and across extensive spatial areas. Despite this potential, previous shoreline mapping methodologies using optical satellite imagery have encountered significant challenges, including a lack of confidence in the quality and accuracy of satellite-derived coastlines and the confounding effects of tidal variations that can obscure long-term coastal change patterns. This study introduces Digital Great Britain Coastlines (DiGBcoast v1.0), a new multi-national dataset that reports three decades of coastal change across the mainland of Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) including the Isle of Wight and Anglesey. The dataset has been produced using the publicly available optical Landsat-5, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 missions, spanning from 1984 to 2022 (38 years). It includes instantaneous waterlines and shorelines corrected for tides to Mean Sea Level. The creation of the dataset followed a five step process: 1) collection of all suitable satellite images through an innovative bespoke filtering method 2) geolocation of each satellite image to high resolution, 25 cm, geolocated aerial imagery 3) co-registration of geolocated satellite images from the most recent (2022) to the earliest (1984); 4) vector waterline generation for each satellite image using adaptive thresholding, the marching squares algorithm for interpixel line delineation and grading based on structural properties for quality control ensuring that only high confidence waterlines are passed through the shoreline processor and final step 5) conversion of waterlines into theoretical shorelines using auxiliary data collected on slope, tide height, mean sea level height, and sea bearing at the time of sensing. DiGBcoast is publicly available as a free and open interactive dataset to facilitate future coastal research and management throughout Great Britain.
Dehesilla Cave rock paintings (Cádiz, Spain) analysis and contextualisation within the Prehistoric art of the southern Iberian Peninsula
(De Gruyter, 2024) Mas Cornellà, Martí; Solís Delgado, Mónica; Maura Mijares, Rafael; Parra Greco, Enrique; Pérez García, Pedro Pablo; Gavilán Ceballos, Beatriz; Taylor, Ruth; Torra Colell, Guadalupe; Pérez González, Javier; Barrera Vera, José Antonio; García Rivero, Daniel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union (UE); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP156: Ingeniería Gráfica y Cartográfica; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM949: Tellus. Prehistoria y Arqueología en el sur de Iberia
A systematic survey of Dehesilla Cave was carried out during 2017 in order to search for traces of rock art. Several panels with paintings were identified in the chamber next to the entrance (consisting of strokes, dots, stains, and remnants of shapes in red and black), which had remained unnoticed up until now and may provide relevant information towards the understanding of the prehistoric use of the cave and its seemingly symbolic topography. However, we cannot assume a priori a relationship between these paintings and the well-known Neolithic sequence of the site. To assess these paintings, we have analysed photomicrographs which have allowed us to determine their detailed characteristics, stroke morphology, and remnant features (for instance, hue, shape, density of paint, pigment grain size, micro-stroke traces left by the tools used). Taphonomic issues have also been considered and several physical and chemical techniques of analysis have been applied in order to identify the pigments and possible binders.
Evolución del cocido de la pulpa en aceitunas tratadas con sosa durante su procesado como aceitunas verdes estilo sevillano
(Sociedad Española de Ciencias Hortícolas, 2024-09) López Gordillo, Miguel Calixto; Madueño Luna, Antonio; Madueño Luna, José Miguel; Ramírez Juidias, Emilio
Ecoshow: un evento universitario creativo pensado para el mundo real
(Universidad de Sevilla, 2024) Méndez Orense, María; Blanco Barrera, Ramón; Herrero Vázquez, Eduardo; Mora Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura; Llorente Cejudo, María del Carmen; Barragán Sánchez, Raquel; Pérez Rodríguez, Noelia; Martín Párraga, Lorena

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