Artículos (Fisiología)

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VEGF, but Not BDNF, Prevents the Downregulation of KCC2 Induced by Axotomy in Extraocular Motoneurons
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-09-14) Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel; García Hernández, Rosendo Miguel; Carrero Rojas, Genova; Martín Calvo, Paula; Álvarez, F. J.; Rodríguez de la Cruz, Rosa María; Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Junta de Andalucía; National Institutes of Health (NIH). Estados Unidos
The potassium–chloride cotransporter KCC2 is the main extruder of Cl- in neurons. It plays a fundamental role in the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine) since low levels of KCC2 promote intracellular Cl- accumulation, leading to the depolarizing activity of GABA and glycine. The downregulation of this cotransporter occurs in neurological disorders characterized by hyperexcitability, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and spasticity. KCC2 is also downregulated after axotomy. If muscle reinnervation is allowed, the KCC2 levels recover in motoneurons. Therefore, we argued that target-derived neurotrophic factors might be involved in the regulation of KCC2 expression. For this purpose, we performed the axotomy of extraocular motoneurons via the monocular enucleation of adult rats, and a pellet containing either VEGF or BDNF was chronically implanted in the orbit. Double confocal immunofluorescence of choline acetyl-transferase (ChAT) and KCC2 was carried out in the brainstem sections. Axotomy led to a KCC2 decrease in the neuropil and somata of extraocular motoneurons, peaking at 15 days post-lesion, with the exception of the abducens motoneuron somata. VEGF administration prevented the axotomy-induced KCC2 downregulation. By contrast, BDNF either maintained or reduced the KCC2 levels following axotomy, suggesting that BDNF is involved in the axotomy-induced KCC2 downregulation in extraocular motoneurons. The finding that VEGF prevents KCC2 decrease opens up new possibilities for the treatment of neurological disorders coursing with neuronal hyperactivity due to KCC2 downregulation.
Motor, mood, and memory impairments persist during remission periods in chronic colitis and are influenced by neuroinflammation and sex
(John Wiley & Sons, 2024-10-31) Sotelo Parrilla, Gema; Ruiz Calero, Alejandro; García Miranda, Pablo; Calonge Castrillo, María Luisa; Vázquez Carretero, María Dolores; Peral Rubio, María José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic pathology characterized by relapsing–remitting phasesof intestinal inflammation. Additionally, some patients develop neuropsychiatricdisorders, such as depression and anxiety, or cognitive deficits. We aimed to inves-tigate whether the development of chronic colitis elicits memory, locomotion, andmood impairments. It further examined whether these impairments are influencedby the relapsing–remitting phases of the colitis or by sex. Here, we used a chroniccolitis model in male and female rats, induced with sodium dextran sulfate, mirror-ing the phases of human ulcerative colitis. Our results revealed that the severity ofcolitis was slightly higher in males than females. Chronic colitis triggered motor andshort-term memory deficits and induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors thatremained throughout the development of the disease. There are also sex differencesunder control or inflammatory conditions. Therefore, in both situations, femalescompared to males displayed: (i) slightly lower locomotion, (ii) increased anxiety-likebehaviors, (iii) similar depression-like behaviors, and (iv) similar short-term memorydeficit. Additionally, under control conditions, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, andTNF-α were higher in the female hippocampus. In both sexes, when chronic colitiswas established, the neuroinflammation was evidenced by increased mRNA levels ofthese three cytokines in the hippocampus and in the motor and prefrontal cortices.Interestingly, this neuroinflammation was slightly greater in males. In summary, weshow that the development of chronic colitis caused persistent behavioral abnormali-ties, highlighting sex differences, and that could be a consequence, at least in part, ofthe increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the brain.
Proceedings of the 5th Meeting of Translational Hepatology, organized by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH)V Reunión de Hepatología Traslacional, organizada por la Asociación Española para el Estudio del Hígado (AEEH)
(Elsevier, 2024) Alvarado Tapias, Edilmar; Maya Miles, Douglas; Albillos, Agustin; Aller, Rocio; Ampuero Herrojo, Javier; Andrade, Raul J.; Arechederra, Maria; Aspichueta, Patricia; Banales, Jesús M.; Blas García, Ana; Carrillo Vico, Antonio; Muñoz Hernández, Rocío; Romero Gómez, Manuel; Gahete, Manuel D.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina
Characterization, Number, and Spatial Organization of Nerve Fibers in the Human Cervical Vagus Nerve and its Superior Cardiac Branch
(Elsevier, 2024) Kronsteiner, Bettina; Carrero Rojas, Génova; Reissig, Lukas F.; Moghaddam, Atieh Seyedian; Schwendt, Karoline M.; Gerges, Sylvia; Maierhofer, Udo; Aszmann, Oskar C.; Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel; Kiss, Attila; Podesser, Bruno K.; Birkfellner, Wolfgang; Moscato, Francesco; Blumer, Roland; Weninger, Wolfgang J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; European Union (UE). H2020
Background: Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) is a therapy for epilepsy, obesity, depression, and heart diseases. However, whole nerve stimulation leads to side effects. We examined the neuroanatomy of the mid-cervical segment of the human VN and its superior cardiac branch to gain insight into the side effects of VN stimulation and aid in developing targeted stimulation strategies. Methods: Nerve specimens were harvested from eight human body donors, then subjected to immunofluorescence and semiautomated quantification to determine the signature, quantity, and spatial distribution of different axonal categories. Results: The right and left cervical VN (cVN) contained a total of 25,489 ± 2781 and 23,286 ± 3164 fibers, respectively. Two-thirds of the fibers were unmyelinated and one-third were myelinated. About three-quarters of the fibers in the right and left cVN were sensory (73.9 ± 7.5 % versus 72.4 ± 5.6 %), while 13.2 ± 1.8 % versus 13.3 ± 3.0 % were special visceromotor and parasympathetic, and 13 ± 5.9 % versus 14.3 ± 4.0 % were sympathetic. Special visceromotor and parasympathetic fibers formed clusters. The superior cardiac branches comprised parasympathetic, vagal sensory, and sympathetic fibers with the left cardiac branch containing more sympathetic fibers than the right (62.7 ± 5.4 % versus 19.8 ± 13.3 %), and 50 % of the left branch contained sensory and sympathetic fibers only. Conclusion: The study indicates that selective stimulation of vagal sensory and motor fibers is possible. However, it also highlights the potential risk of activating sympathetic fibers in the superior cardiac branch, especially on the left side.
Effect of lathyrane-type diterpenoids in neural stem cell physiology: Microbial transformations, molecular docking and dynamics studies
(Elsevier, 2024-12) Escobar Montaño, Felipe; Gómez Oliva, Ricardo; Ezzanad, Abdellah; Vázquez de Górgolas, Sonia; Zorrilla, David; Macías Sánchez, Antonio J.; Botubol Ares, José M.; Núñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; Castro, Carmen; Durán Patrón, Rosa; Hernández Galán, Rosario; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Junta de Andalucía
Promoting endogenous neurogenesis for brain repair is emerging as a promising strategy to mitigate the functional impairments associated with various neurological disorders characterized by neuronal death. Diterpenes featuring tigliane, ingenane, jatrophane and lathyrane skeletons, frequently found in Euphorbia plant species, are known protein kinase C (PKC) activators and exhibit a wide variety of pharmacological properties, including the stimulation of neurogenesis. Microbial transformation of these diterpenes represents a green and sustainable methodology that offers a hitherto little explored approach to obtaining novel derivatives and exploring structure–activity relationships. In the present study, we report the biotransformation of euphoboetirane A (4) and epoxyboetirane A (5), two lathyrane diterpenoids isolated from Euphorbia boetica, by Mucor circinelloides MC NRRL3631. Our findings revealed the production of nine biotransformation products (6–14), including jatrophane derivatives originated through an unprecedented rearrangement from the parent lathyranes. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis using NMR and ECD spectroscopy, as well as MS. The study evaluated how principal metabolites and their derivatives affect TGFα and NRG1 release, as well as their potential to promote proliferation or differentiation in cultures of NSC isolated from the SVZ of adult mice. In order to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the ability of 12 as a neurogenic compound, the interactions of selected compounds with PKC δ-C1B were analyzed through molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Based on these, it clearly appears that the ability of compound 12 to form both acceptor and donor hydrogen bonds with certain amino acid residues in the enzyme pocket leads to a higher affinity compound-PKC complex, which correlates with the observed biological activity.
Alteraciones fisiológicas en los transtornos de la conducta alimentaria
(Real e Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Sevilla, 2022) Benítez Vidal, L.; Cano Rodríguez, María Mercedes; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología
Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) engloban a una serie de enfermedades men- tales graves que cada vez afectan a más personas. Dentro de este trastorno encontramos varias enferme- dades, pero, todas tienen en común que presentan una alteración en la conducta alimentaria. Las más importantes son anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno por atracón. Los TCA se consideran trastornos multifactoriales puesto que están implicados numerosos factores en su aparición como fac- tores socioculturales, biológicos, neuroendocrinológicos y psicológicos. Además, aunque son trastornos que pueden aparecer en cualquier persona independientemente de la edad o el sexo, es de destacar que son más frecuentes en mujeres jóvenes. La anorexia se caracteriza por un terror al aumento del peso y una imagen distorsionada de la figura corporal lo que lleva a que realicen dietas muy estrictas. Por su parte, la bulimia se caracteriza por la presencia de atracones y, posteriormente, conductas compensato- rias para evitar el aumento del peso corporal. Por último, el trastorno por atracón es similar a la bulimia nerviosa, ya que aparecen los atracones característicos, pero no se realizan conductas compensatorias para evitar el aumento del peso corporal. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bi- bliográfica sobre estas patologías y sus consecuencias fisiológicas. Estos comportamientos específicos conllevan la aparición de múltiples complicaciones médicas que acaban afectando al funcionamiento de distintos sistemas fisiológicos, así como a la actividad psicosocial del paciente e incluso pueden llevar a la muerte. La anorexia es la que presenta consecuencias más graves, de las cuales, las más importantes desde el punto de vista de la peligrosidad son las óseas, cardiovasculares y endocrinas. Por otro lado, en la bulimia las complicaciones más frecuentes son las del tracto digestivo debido a las conductas purgati- vas y, por último, en el trastorno por atracón la complicación más frecuente es la obesidad.
Daily Consumption of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil Reduces Blood Pressure and Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Remodelling in Rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester-induced Hypertension
(Cambridge, 2022) Reyes Goya, Claudia; Santana Garrido, Álvaro; Aguilar Espejo, Gema; Pérez-Camino, María del Carmen; Mate Barrero, Alfonso; Vázquez Cueto, Carmen María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Despite numerous reports on the beneficial effects of olive oil in the cardiovascular context, very little is known about the olive tree’s wild counterpart (Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris), commonly known as acebuche (ACE) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible beneficial effects of an extra virgin ACE oil on vascular function in a rodent model of arterial hypertension (AH) induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were studied: (1) normotensive rats (Control group); (2) normotensive rats fed a commercial diet supplemented with 15 % (w/w) ACE oil (Acebuche group); (3) rats made hypertensive following administration of L-NAME (L-NAME group); and (4) rats treated with L-NAME and simultaneously supplemented with 15 % ACE oil (LN + ACE group). All treatments were maintained for 12 weeks. Besides a significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect, the ACE oil-enriched diet counteracted the alterations found in aortas from hypertensive rats in terms of morphology and responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. In addition, a decrease in hypertension-related fibrotic and oxidative stress processes was observed in L-NAME-treated rats subjected to ACE oil supplement. Therefore, using a model of AH via nitric oxide depletion, here we demonstrate the beneficial effects of a wild olive oil based upon its vasodilator, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. We postulate that regular inclusion of ACE oil in the diet can alleviate the vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction processes typically found in AH, thus resulting in a significant reduction of BP.
The Gap Junction Inhibitor Octanol Decreases Proliferation and Increases Glial Differentiation of Postnatal Neural Progenitor Cells
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-06-07) Talaverón Aguilocho, Rocío; Morado Díaz, Camilo José; Herrera Delgado, Alejandro; Gálvez, Victoria; Pastor Loro, Ángel Manuel; Rodríguez Matarredona, Esperanza; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Microbiología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Junta de Andalucía
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) that persist in the postnatal/adult subventricular zone (SVZ) express connexins that form hemichannels and gap junctions. Gap junctional communication plays a role in NPC proliferation and differentiation during development, but its relevance on postnatal age remains to be elucidated. In this work we aimed to evaluate the effect of the blockade of gap junctional communication on proliferation and cell fate of NPCs obtained from the SVZ of postnatal rats. NPCs were isolated and expanded in culture as neurospheres. Electron microscopy revealed the existence of gap junctions among neurosphere cells. Treatment of cultures with octanol, a broad-spectrum gap junction blocker, or with Gap27, a specific blocker for gap junctions formed by connexin43, produced a significant decrease in bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Octanol treatment also exerted a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on glioblastoma cells. To analyze possible actions on NPC fate, cells were seeded in the absence of mitogens. Treatment with octanol led to an increase in the percentage of astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors, whereas the percentage of neurons remained unchanged. Gap27 treatment, in contrast, did not modify the differentiation pattern of SVZ NPCs. Our results indicate that general blockade of gap junctions with octanol induces significant effects on the behavior of postnatal SVZ NPCs, by reducing proliferation and promoting glial differentiation.
Uncovering the Role of Selenite and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in Adolescent Rat Adipose Tissue beyond Oxidative Balance: Transcriptomic Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Nogales Bueno, Fátima; Pajuelo Domínguez, Eloísa; Romero Herrera, Inés; Carreras Sánchez, Olimpia; Merchán Ignacio, Francisco; Carrasco López, José Antonio; Ojeda Murillo, María Luisa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España
Studies on adolescent rats, when body composition is changing deeply, reveal that the administration of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), at the same dose, have opposite effects on adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the mechanisms involved in these contrasting effects by means of transcriptomic analysis, three groups of male adolescent rats (n = 18) were used: control (C), selenite supplemented (S), and SeNPs supplemented (NS). Both treated groups received a twofold increase in Se dose compared to the control group through water intake for three weeks. Following treatment, WAT was removed and frozen at −80 °C until subsequent use for RNA extraction, endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities determination, and quantification of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. NS rats displayed a larger number of differentially expressed genes and cellular processes impacted than S rats. Remarkably, these changes involved upregulation of gene expression associated with the immune system, catabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative balance. NS rats presented an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity, alongside an accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. The expression level of 81 genes related to oxidative stress was significantly affected in NS rats. Analyzing the KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that NS rats exhibited increased activity in key catabolic pathways and decreased activity in crucial growth signaling processes. These changes contribute to the mass decrease in WAT found in NS rats. These results suggest a possible application of SeNPs in WAT reduction and induction of the immune response during adolescence.
Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-04-14) Saponjic, Jasna; Mejías Estévez, Rebeca María; Nikolovski, Neda; Dragic, Milorad; Canak, Asuman; Papoutsopoulou, Stamatia; Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin; Fladmark, Kari E.; Ntavaroukas, Panagiotis; Bayar Muluk, Nuray; Zeljkovic Jovanovic, Milica; Fontán Lozano, Ángela del Carmen; Comi, Cristoforo; Marino, Franca; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.
Dietary Selenium and Its Antioxidant Properties Related to Growth, Lipid and Energy Metabolism
(MDPI, 2022) Ojeda Murillo, María Luisa; Nogales Bueno, Fátima; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología
The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Acebuche Oil Exert a Retinoprotective Effect in a Murine Model of High-Tension Glaucoma
(MDPI, 2024) Lucchesi, Martina; Marracci, Silvia; Amato, Rosario; Lapi, Dominga; Santana Garrido, Álvaro; Espinosa Martín, Pablo; Vázquez Cueto, Carmen María; Mate Barrero, Alfonso; Dal Monte, Massimo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Italian Ministry of Universities and Research; University of Pisa
Glaucoma is characterized by cupping of the optic disc, apoptotic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, with patchy loss of vision. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for hypertensive glaucoma and the only modifiable one. There is a need to find novel compounds that counteract other risk factors contributing to RGC degeneration. The oil derived from the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), also called Acebuche (ACE), shows powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and retinoprotective effects. We evaluated whether ACE oil could counteract glaucoma-related detrimental effects. To this aim, we fed mice either a regular or an ACE oil-enriched diet and then induced IOP elevation through intraocular injection of methylcellulose. An ACE oil-enriched diet suppressed glaucoma-dependent retinal glia reactivity and inflammation. The redox status of the glaucomatous retinas was restored to a control-like situation, and ischemia was alleviated by an ACE oil-enriched diet. Notably, retinal apoptosis was suppressed in the glaucomatous animals fed ACE oil. Furthermore, as shown by electroretinogram analyses, RGC electrophysiological functions were almost completely preserved by the ACE oil-enriched diet. These ameliorative effects were IOP-independent and might depend on ACE oil’s peculiar composition. Although additional studies are needed, nutritional supplementation with ACE oil might represent an adjuvant in the management of glaucoma.
The absence of seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus is not related to KIR-HLA genotype combinations (GEHEP-012 study)
(Elsevier, 2024) Martín Sierra, Carmen; José Bravo, María; Sáez, María E.; de Rojas, Itziar; Santos, Marta; Martín Carmona, Jesica; González-Serna Martín, Manuel Alejandro; Pineda Vergara, Juan Antonio; Macías Sánchez, Juan; Real Navarrete, Luis Miguel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica; Junta de Andalucía; CIBERINFEC; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Union (UE)
Background & aims: It has been reported that specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA genotype combinations, such as KIR2DS4/HLA-C1 with presence of KIRDL2 or KIRDL3, homozygous KIRDL3/ HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1/≥2HLA-Bw4, are strongly associated with the lack of active infection and seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Objective: To determine whether these KIR-HLA combinations are relevant factors involved in that phenotype. Patients and methods: In this retrospective case-control study, genotype data from a genome-wide association study previously performed on low susceptibility to HCV-infection carried out on 27 high-risk HCV-eronegative (HRSN) individuals and 743 chronically infected (CI) subjects were used. HLA alleles were imputed using R package HIBAG v1.2223 and KIR genotypes were imputed using the online resource KIR*IMP v1.2.0. Results: It was possible to successfully impute at least one KIR-HLA genotype combination previously associated with the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV in a total of 23 (85.2%) HRSN individuals and in 650 (87.5%) CI subjects. No KIR-HLA genotype combination analyzed was related to the HRSN condition. Conclusions: Our results suggest that those KIR-HLA genotype combinations are not relevant factors involved in the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV. More studies will be needed to completely understand this phenotype.
Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on Neuroplasticity Markers in Post-Stroke Patients: Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2024) Montero-Almagro, Ginés; Bernal Utrera, Carlos; Geribaldi Doldan, Noelia; Núñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; Castro, Carmen; Rodríguez Blanco, Cleofás; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisioterapia; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Background: Exercise has shown beneficial effects on neuronal neuroplasticity; therefore, we want to analyze the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on neuroplasticity markers in post-stroke patients. Methods: A systematic review of RCTs including studies with stroke participants was conducted using the following databases (PubMed, LILACS, ProQuest, PEDro, Web of Science). Searches lasted till (20/11/2023). Studies that used a HIIT protocol as the main treatment or as a coadjutant treatment whose outcomes were neural plasticity markers were used and compared with other exercise protocols, controls or other kinds of treatment. Studies that included other neurological illnesses, comorbidities that interfere with stroke or patients unable to complete a HIIT protocol were excluded. HIIT protocol, methods to assess intensity, neuroplasticity markers (plasmatic and neurophysiological) and other types of assessments such as cognitive scales were extracted to make a narrative synthesis. Jadad and PEDro scales were used to assess bias. Results: Eight articles were included, one included lacunar stroke (less than 3 weeks) and the rest had chronic stroke. The results found here indicate that HIIT facilitates neuronal recovery in response to an ischemic injury. This type of training increases the plasma concentrations of lactate, BDNF and VEGF, which are neurotrophic and growth factors involved in neuroplasticity. HIIT also positively regulates other neurophysiological measurements that are directly associated with a better outcome in motor learning tasks. Conclusions: We conclude that HIIT improves post-stroke recovery by increasing neuroplasticity markers. However, a limited number of studies have been found indicating that future studies are needed that assess this effect and include the analysis of the number of intervals and their duration in order to maximize this effect.
New pharmacological tools: the use of diterpenes to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024-08) Gómez Oliva, Ricardo; Nuñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; Castro, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía
Metabolic characterization of two different non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pre-clinical mouse models
(Aran Ediciones S.A., 2019) Gallego-Durán, Rocío; Álvarez-Amor, Leticia; Gil-Gómez, Antonio; Rojas, Ángela; Muñoz Hernández, Rocío; Cádernas-García, Antonio; Ampuero Herrojo, Javier; Romero Gómez, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)
Introduction: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most prevalent liver disorders in the developed world. Currently, there is no approved pharmacological therapy except for lifestyle intervention. Therefore, there is a need to increase the knowledge of preclinical models in order to boost novel discoveries that could lead to a better thera peutic management. Material and methods: this study characterized the effects of two different diets, a long-term high-fat high-fructose diet (HF-HFD) and a choline-deficient, methionine supple mented high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) in C57BL/6J mice for 52 weeks or 16 weeks, respectively. Body weight, lipid and hepatic profile were analyzed and liver histology was sub sequently evaluated. Results: HF-HFD animals showed an increased body weight and total cholesterol levels, whereas the opposite occurred in CDA-HFD. Both HF-HFD and CDA-HFD animals had high er ALT and AST levels. With regard to histology findings, HF-HFD and CDA-HFD diets induced an increased collagen deposit and intrahepatic steatosis accumulation. Conclusion: in conclusion, the comparison of these mod els helped us to decide if it is better to select a long-term but more physiological model for physiopathology studies or either a more rapid NASH model for novel molecules testing.
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor to recruit newly generated neuroblasts in cortical brain injuries
(BMC, 2023-11-30) Gómez Oliva, Ricardo; Geribaldi Doldán, Noelia; Domínguez García, Samuel; Pardillo Díaz, Ricardo; Martínez Ortega, Sergio; Oliva Montero, José M.; Núñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Junta de Andalucía; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Background Neurogenesis is stimulated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice with cortical brain injuries. In most of these injuries, newly generated neuroblasts attempt to migrate toward the injury, accumulating within the corpus callosum not reaching the perilesional area. Methods We use a murine model of mechanical cortical brain injury, in which we perform unilateral cortical injuries in the primary motor cortex of adult male mice. We study neurogenesis in the SVZ and perilesional area at 7 and 14 dpi as well as the expression and concentration of the signaling molecule transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and its receptor the epidermal growth factor (EGFR). We use the EGFR inhibitor Afatinib to promote neurogenesis in brain injuries. Results We show that microglial cells that emerge within the injured area and the SVZ in response to the injury express high levels of TGF-α leading to elevated concentrations of TGF-α in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, the number of neuroblasts in the SVZ increases in response to the injury, a large number of these neuroblasts remain immature and proliferate expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the proliferation marker Ki67. Restraining TGF-α release with a classical protein kinase C inhibitor reduces the number of these proliferative EGFR+ immature neuroblasts in the SVZ. In accordance, the inhibition of the TGF-α receptor, EGFR promotes migration of neuroblasts toward the injury leading to an elevated number of neuroblasts within the perilesional area. Conclusions Our results indicate that in response to an injury, microglial cells activated within the injury and the SVZ release TGF-α, activating the EGFR present in the neuroblasts membrane inducing their proliferation, delaying maturation and negatively regulating migration. The inactivation of this signaling pathway stimulates neuroblast migration toward the injury and enhances the quantity of neuroblasts within the injured area. These results suggest that these proteins may be used as target molecules to regenerate brain injuries.
Response to glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in clinical practice
(Oxford University Press, 2023-09-06) González-Serna Martín, Manuel Alejandro; Corma Gómez, Anaïs; Tellez, Francisco; Ríos Villegas, MJ; Corona Mata, D; Merino, D; Real Navarrete, Luis Miguel; Macías Sánchez, Juan; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España; European Commission. Fondo Social Europeo (FSO); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Fundación para la Investigación en salud (FIS) del Instituto Carlos III
HIV infection has been associated with lower rates of sustained viral response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). There are few data on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) in HIV/HCV coinfection outside clinical trials.
Rescue of neurogenesis and age-associated cognitive decline in SAMP8 mouse: Role of transforming growth factor-alpha
(Wiley Open Access, 2023-03-19) Gómez Oliva, Ricardo; Martínez Ortega, Sergio; Atienza Navarro, Isabel; Domínguez García, Samuel; Bernal Utrera, Carlos; Geribaldi Doldan, Noelia; Verastegui, Cristina; Núñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; García Alloza, Mónica; Castro, Carmen; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía
Neuropathological aging is associated with memory impairment and cognitive decline, affecting several brain areas including the neurogenic niche of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). In the healthy brain, homeostatic mechanisms regulate neuro -genesis within the DG to facilitate the continuous generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSC). Nevertheless, aging reduces the number of activated neural stem cells and diminishes the number of newly generated neurons. Strategies that promote neurogenesis in the DG may improve cognitive performance in the elderly resulting in the development of treatments to prevent the progression of neurological disorders in the aged population. Our work is aimed at discovering targeting molecules to be used in the design of pharmacological agents that prevent the neurological effects of brain aging. We study the effect of age on hippocampal neurogenesis using the SAMP8 mouse as a model of neuropathological aging. We show that in 6- month-old SAMP8 mice, episodic and spatial memory are impaired; concomitantly, the genera -tion of neuroblasts and neurons is reduced and the generation of astrocytes is in-creased in this model. The novelty of our work resides in the fact that treatment of SAMP8 mice with a transforming growth factor- alpha (TGFα) targeting moleculeprevents the observed defects, positively regulating neurogenesis and improving cog-nitive performance. This compound facilitates the release of TGFα in vitro and in vivo and activates signaling pathways initiated by this growth factor. We conclude that compounds of this kind that stimulate neurogenesis may be useful to counteract the neurological effects of pathological agin
Special Issue “Aquaporins in Brain Disease”
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-03-20) Echevarría Irusta, Miriam; García Miranda, Pablo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica

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