Artículos (Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CNM))

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/10969

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Neuromorphic hardware based on memristive nanodevices for seizure detection and recovery
(IOP Publishing, 2026-02-11) Díez-De-los-Ríos, Iván; Farsani, Javad; Ricci, Saverio; Bridarolli, Davide; Camuñas Mesa, Luis Alejandro; Subramaniyam, Narayan; Tanskanen, Jarno; Hyttinen, Jari; Ielmini, Daniele; Serrano Gotarredona, María Teresa; Linares Barranco, Bernabé; Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CNM)
During the last decades, neuromorphic engineers have developed specific hardware designed to build efficient computing systems inspired by the structure of the human brain. The emergence of nanoscale memristors provided these systems with a new component which can approximately emulate the behavior of synaptic connections, improving the capability to implement in-situ learning algorithms like spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Meanwhile, neuro-inspired biomimetic platforms have been developed to directly interface with biological neurons, allowing to record and process neural signals like local field potentials (LFP). Combining both technologies, it would be possible to implant intracraneal electroencephalography electrodes with a neuromorphic chip which could sense signals from epileptic tissues and provide stimulation to prevent seizures in a closed-loop setup. In this work, we use a neuromorphic hardware platform with memristors to process LFP activity generated by an artificial neural mass model (ANMM) of the hippocampal loop implemented on a microcontroller for real-time operation, showing that the memristor system can learn correlations between neurons to detect seizures and eventually prevent them. This closed-loop ANMM-memristor crossbar interaction demonstration paves the way for trying a similar setup, replacing the ANMM with biological epileptic tissues.
BAM-SLDK: biologically inspired attention mechanism with spiking learnable delayed kernel synapses
(IOP Publishing, 2025-06-13) Chacón Falcón, Mario; Patiño Saucedo, Alberto; Camuñas Mesa, Luis Alejandro; Serrano Gotarredona, María Teresa; Linares Barranco, Bernabé; Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CNM); Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública; European Commission (EC); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Spiking neural networks are emerging as an alternative neural network model due to their biological plausibility, energy efficiency, and built-in ability to learn from temporal dynamics. However, in order to effectively process data with rich spatial and temporal dependencies, the usual static projections (feedforward and recurrent) among layers of spiking neurons fail to represent all the information needed. Inspired by how synaptic delays affect the learning process in biological neurons, in this paper, we propose a biologically inspired attention mechanism based on spiking convolutions with learnable delayed kernel synapses. The proposed model increases temporal learning ability, attending simultaneously to spatial and temporal dynamics with few parameters required. More precisely, our main technical contributions are: (1) we add kernels to the temporal dimension to enlarge the receptive field of the convolution; (2) we time kernels activations to mimic multiple delayed times; and (3) we introduce three different pruning techniques to optimize the number of delays and parameters used. Experiments show that our method surpasses conventional spiking convolutional modules and achieves state-of-the-art results. When pruning, we show that, for some datasets or pruning techniques, removing up to 80% of the initially trained delays results in minimal performance loss, effectively reducing memory consumption and parameters required. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that learnable delayed synapses have been included in spiking convolutional layers for neuromorphic datasets classification, unlocking a new biologically inspired attention mechanism and achieving superior performance on high temporal demanding tasks.
Highly Scalable Real Time Epilepsy Diagnosis Architecture Via Phase Correlation
(Elsevier BV, 2017-07-13) Romaine, James Brian; Delgado Restituto, Manuel; Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Junta de Andalucía; Office of Naval Research (ONR). United States; European Union (UE)
Modeling the Photovoltaic Diode Region for High Dynamic Range Image Sensor Design
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025-11-27) Fernández Peramo, Pablo; Leñero Bardallo, Juan Antonio; Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública. España
This work presents an analytical model for the dependence of the open-circuit voltage of CMOS diodes operating in the photovoltaic (PV) regime versus illuminance and temperature. The model is targeted for image sensor design and provides insights into key behavioral features relevant to high dynamic range (HDR) image acquisition, including the steady-state response, sensitivity, bandwidth, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under varying illuminance and temperature conditions. The article also includes experimental data to confirm the adequacy of the proposed model in predicting the behavior of practical photodiodes. These findings highlight the suitability of a PV diode as the photoreceptor stage for HDR imaging applications, offering improved compactness and noise performance over conventional logarithmic photoreceptors while operating without static power consumption as a result of its self-biased nature.
Kyber AHE: An Easy-to-Implement Additive Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on Kyber and Its Application in Biometric Template Protection
(MDPI, 2025-09-09) Román Hajderek, Roberto; Arjona, Rosario; Baturone Castillo, María Iluminada; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union (UE); Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública. España
Homomorphic encryption solutions tend to be costly in terms of memory and computational resources, making them difficult to implement. In this paper, we present Kyber AHE, a lightweight additive homomorphic encryption scheme for computing the addition modulo 2 of two binary strings in the encrypted domain. It is based on the CRYSTALS-Kyber public key encryption (PKE) scheme, which is the basis of the NIST module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism standard. Apart from being quantum-safe, Kyber PKE has other interesting features such as the use of compressed ciphertexts, reduced sizes of keys, low execution times, and the ability to easily increase the security level. The operations performed in the encrypted domain by Kyber AHE are the decompression of ciphertexts, the component-wise modulo q addition of polynomials, and the compression of the results. A great advantage of Kyber AHE is that it can be easily implemented along with CRYSTALS-Kyber without the need for additional libraries. Among the applications of homomorphic encryption, biometric template protection schemes are a promising solution to provide data privacy by comparing biometric features in the encrypted domain. Therefore, we present the application of Kyber AHE for the protection of biometric templates. Experimental results have been obtained using Kyber AHE in an iris biometric template protection scheme with 256-byte features using Kyber512, Kyber768, and Kyber1024 instances. The sizes of the encrypted iris features are 6.0, 8.5, and 12.5 kB for NIST security levels I, III, and V, respectively. Using a commercial laptop, the encryption ranges from 0.755 to 1.73 ms, the evaluation from 0.096 to 0.161 ms, and the decryption from 0.259 to 0.415 ms, depending on the security level.
Subliminal Channels in CRYSTALS-Kyber Key-Encapsulation Mechanism and Their Use in Quantum-Resistant TLS Protocols
(The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2025-07-21) Román Hajderek, Roberto; Arjona, Rosario; Baturone Castillo, María Iluminada; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC)
Cryptographic protocols can be used to covertly exchange information without arousing suspicion. The covert channels created in this way are called subliminal channels. In this work, three different subliminal channels using CRYSTALS-Kyber are discovered. Kyber is employed in the Module-Lattice-based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM) standard published in FIPS 203. In the found subliminal channels, the covert message is embedded in the random data needed by the encapsulation or the key generation algorithms. Two settings are differentiated depending on if the covert receiver is an overt entity executing the key exchange protocol or a man-in-the-middle. An important feature achieved by the proposed subliminal channels is plausible deniability. Covert entities can convince a jury that they did not use a subverted version of the original Kyber algorithms by showing the random data used in the protocol, the values exchanged, and the outputs of the algorithms. The proposed subliminal channels can be used in quantum-resistant proposals of TLS (Transport Layer Security). Concretely, this work explores the use of the proposed subliminal channels in PQTLS and KEMTLS. Also, some countermeasures are proposed in the paper. Experimental results show that the overhead in execution times is not significant and that from 2 to 34 bytes of covered information can be transmitted per TLS handshake.
Low-light Challenges in a PFM Digital Pixel Sensor: Leakage and Quantization
(Elsevier, 2025) Palomeque Mangut, Sergio; Leñero Bardallo, Juan Antonio; Fernández Peramo, Pablo; Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; European Union (UE); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and simulation of reset leakage currents and quantization errors in pulse frequency modulation (PFM) digital pixel sensors (DPS). The literature has reported these sensors for both visible and infrared applications with high dynamic range (HDR) imaging and low-power requirements. The work investigates the benefits of using an NMOS reset switch in mitigating leakage currents, particularly in low-light conditions, where PMOS reset implementations often fail to sustain proper photocurrent integration. By characterizing leakage mechanisms, including subthreshold, gate-induced drain leakage, and reverse-bias junction currents, we derive their influence on photogenerated charge integration and propose methods to optimize pixel design for enhanced sensitivity. Furthermore, quantization error caused by residual charge and leakage is analyzed, highlighting their impact on dynamic range and performance. We validate the theoretical insight with simulation results from an advanced CMOS technology, demonstrating improved low-light performance and reduced error using the NMOS reset. These findings provide a framework for designing high-performance PFM pixels for future imaging applications.
Subliminal Channels in CRYSTALS-Kyber Key-Encapsulation Mechanism and Their Use in Quantum-Resistant TLS Protocols
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025) Román Hajderek, Roberto; Arjona, Rosario; Baturone Castillo, María Iluminada; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España; European Union (UE)
Cryptographic protocols can be used to covertly exchange information without arousing suspicion. The covert channels created in this way are called subliminal channels. In this work, three different subliminal channels using CRYSTALS-Kyber are discovered. Kyber is employed in the ModuleLattice-based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM) standard published in FIPS 203. In the found subliminal channels, the covert message is embedded in the random data needed by the encapsulation or the key generation algorithms. Two settings are differentiated depending on if the covert receiver is an overt entity executing the key exchange protocol or a man-in-the-middle. An important feature achieved by the proposed subliminal channels is plausible deniability. Covert entities can convince a jury that they did not use a subverted version of the original Kyber algorithms by showing the random data used in the protocol, the values exchanged, and the outputs of the algorithms. The proposed subliminal channels can be used in quantum-resistant proposals of TLS (Transport Layer Security). Concretely, this work explores the use of the proposed subliminal channels in PQTLS and KEMTLS. Also, some countermeasures are proposed in the paper. Experimental results show that the overhead in execution times is not significant and that from 2 to 34 bytes of covered information can be transmitted per TLS handshake.
Optimized Design of ΣΔ Modulators Using Deep-Learning and Simulated Annealing
(2025) Rosa Utrera, José Manuel de la; Liñán Cembrano, Gustavo; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Union (UE)
This letter presents a MATLAB toolbox for the automated high-level design and optimization of analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs), using sigma-delta modulators (ΣΔ Ms) as case studies. The tool combines machine learning (ML) techniques and behavioural simulation to obtain the optimum set of building-block (amplifiers, comparators, etc.) requirements for a given set of specifications, namely resolution, signal bandwidth and power consumption. Two machine learning blocksgradient boosting classifiers and regression-type artificial neural networks—are trained, using Python libraries, to identify the best ADC architecture as well as to infer a set of design parameters which yields ADC specifications. The result from the ML blocks can be cross-checked in behavioural simulations in MATLAB and also optimized with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power consumption, or figure-of-merit (FoM) using an embedded simulated annealing (SA) process. The toolbox is controlled through a graphical user interface (GUI) for MATLAB which guides the designer through the whole process, from specifications to obtaining an implementation that meets the required specifications.
Detailed Assessment of Hardware Implementations, Attacks and Countermeasures for the Ascon Authenticated Cipher
(Wiley, 2025) Martín González, M.; Tena Sánchez, Erica; Potestad Ordóñez, Francisco Eugenio; Acosta Jiménez, Antonio José; Tecnología Electrónica; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Union (UE). H2020; European Union (UE)
The design and implementation of lightweight-oriented ciphers on hardware has turned into an urgent matter with the expansive field of Internet of Things (IoT) and the ever increasing presence of small electronic devices that require fast and secure communication in our modern world. In 2023, the Ascon cipher was selected as the new standard authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm for lightweight environments by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper provides a full comparison and joint evaluation of the hardware implementations, attacks and countermeasures that have been proposed for Ascon since it was published, aiming to shed light on some open development paths in addition to enable the hardware designer to make better informed decisions. All in all, Ascon implementations tend to achieve great performance while staying lightweight, but unprotected implementations are vulnerable to hardware attacks, and some attacks can even dodge counter measures. The very promising Ascon cipher will surely thrive in the field of lightweight cryptography, but further work into the design of secure implementations is still needed, being this paper a great starting point for researchers and designers alike.
Harvesting Random Telegraph Noise for True Random Number Generation
(Elsevier, 2025) Rubio Barbero, Francisco Javier; Santos Prieto, F. de los; Castro López, R.; Roca, E.; Fernández Fernández, Francisco Vidal; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; Junta de Andalucía; European Union (UE)
At first glance, Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) in deeply scaled CMOS transistors may seem like a reliability nuisance. Yet, behind the discrete trapping-and-detrapping events lurks a potent source of hardware entropy. In this paper, we harness RTN to build a dual-purpose security module that serves as both a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) and a True Random Number Generator (TRNG). By measuring the so-called Maximum Current Fluctuation (MCF) at carefully chosen observation windows, our design switches effortlessly between the stable outputs needed for a PUF and the maximally unpredictable bitstreams demanded by a TRNG. Although single-defect RTN has long been deemed ideal for randomness, we show that multi-defect RTN scenarios, much more prevalent in real-world manufacturing, can also yield high-quality random bits, especially when aided by lightweight post-processing. Simple statistical metrics guide the initial tuning, after which the final bitstreams pass the NIST SP 800-22 test suite to validate the statistical soundness of our proposal. In doing so, we address key challenges that arise when designing an RTN-based TRNG and compare our results against state-of-the-art solutions, highlighting advantages in circuit simplicity, bit-rate scalability, and dual-use capability.
Quasi-static PEEC planar solver using a weighted combination of 2D and 3D analytical Green's functions and a predictive meshing generator
(Elsevier, 2018-09) Ahyoune, Saiyd; Sieiro, Javier; Carrasco, Tomás; Vidal, Neus; López-Villegas, José M.; Roca Moreno, Elisenda; Fernández Fernández, Francisco Vidal; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
In this work, a quasi-static implementation of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method for the analysis of planar radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (uW) components is proposed. The procedure is divided in three parts. First, an alternative PEEC formulation based on energy concepts is described. Second, a smart mesh generator is developed in order to provide an accurate solution at minimum computational costs, taking into account both geometry and device physics as metrics for the correct sizing of mesh elements. And third, a weighted combination of the 2D and 3D quasi-static Green's functions (GF) is proposed for extending the valid frequency range of the quasi-static approximation. It is shown that the 3D-GF is very accurate at low frequency, whereas the 2D-GF is more suitable at higher frequencies. Numerical examples are compared to experimental data for different passive components and technologies in a wide frequency range
Enhanced systematic design of a voltage controlled oscillator using a two-step optimization methodology
(Elsevier, 2018-09) Moreira de Passos, Fabio; Martins R.; Lourenço N.; Roca Moreno, Elisenda; Póvoa R.; Canelas A.; Castro López, Rafael; Horta N.; Fernández Fernández, Francisco Vidal; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Junta de Andalucía; Instituto de Telecomunicações; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
In this paper a design strategy based on bottom-up design methodologies is used in order to systematically design a voltage controlled oscillator. The methodology uses two computer-aided design tools: AIDA, a multi-objective multi-constraint circuit optimization tool, and SIDe-O, a tool that characterizes and optimizes integrated inductors with high accuracy (around 1% when compared to electromagnetic simulations). By using such tools, the difficult trade-offs inherent to radio-frequency circuits can be explored efficiently and accurately. Furthermore, with the capability that AIDA has at considering process parameter variations during the optimization, the resulting methodology is able to obtain truly robust circuit designs.
A novel design methodology for the mixed-domain optimization of a MEMS accelerometer
(Elsevier, 2018-06) Pak, Murat; Fernández Fernández, Francisco Vidal; Dundar, Gunhan; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo
This paper proposes a novel optimization-based design methodology that can be used for mixed-domain synthesis of MEMS accelerometers. Several problems have been identified with existing methodologies and comparative experiments that demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach are performed. Highly accurate analytical models of the MEMS accelerometer have been used for the evaluation of the MEMS sensor performances in the mixed-domain optimization. The circuit level simulations, on the other hand, are based on an electrical simulator, e.g., Hspice. The implemented methodology has been tested on the optimization of a MEMS accelerometer that includes a capacitive MEMS sensor and an analog read-out circuitry.
A Comparison of Automated RF Circuit Design Methodologies: Online Versus Offline Passive Component Design
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018-11) Passos, Fabio; Roca Moreno, Elisenda; Castro López, Rafael; Fernández Fernández, Francisco Vidal; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Junta de Andalucía; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
In this paper, surrogate modeling techniques are applied for passive component modeling. These techniques are exploited to develop and compare two alternative strategies for automated radio-frequency circuit design. The first one is a traditional approach where passive components are designed during the optimization stage. The second one, inspired on bottom-up circuit design methodologies, builds passive component Pareto-optimal fronts (POFs) prior to any circuit optimization. Afterward, these POFs are used as an optimized library from where the passive components are selected. This paper exploits the advantages of evolutionary computation algorithms in order to efficiently explore the circuit design space, and the accuracy and efficiency of surrogate models to model passive components.
Event-Driven Vision Sensor With In-Pixel Spatial Contrast Computation Capabilities and On-Chip AER Sequencer
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Rosa Vidal, Rafael de la; Leñero Bardallo, Juan Antonio; Gómez Merchán, Rubén; Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo
Spatial contrast (SC) detection is a fundamental task in computer vision, crucial for simplifying images at an early stage. However, this process typically demands significant power and processing resources. In this paper, we present a novel detect-weight128 x 128 pixel asynchronous vision sensor designed to compute SC, thereby eliminating the need to transmit and process intensity frames externally. The sensor is fabricated using detect-weight180CMOS technology, with a pixel pitch of 28 × 26 μm2. Each pixel provides temporal information relative to its four adjacent pixels to compute the temporal contrast, transmitting data asynchronously. An integrated on-chip Address-Event-Representation (AER) sequencer efficiently manages pixel events, reducing latency requirements on the processing unit. Additionally, the sensor is capable of performing standard imaging operations. Various methods for SC computation are discussed, along with their implementation within the sensor.
A Photovoltaic Dynamic Vision Sensor
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Fernández Peramo, Pablo; Leñero Bardallo, Juan Antonio; Rodríguez Vázquez, Ángel Benito; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); European Union (UE)
This article reports a dynamic vision sensor (DVS) proof-of-concept chip employing an unconventional photo-transduction front end. Instead of the conventional logarithmic transducer comprising a photodiode and a nonlinear load, the proposed pixel architecture uses a single diode operating in the photovoltaic regime. This operation regime, the same as employed for solar cells, features a voltage-current characteristic that endows the sensor with remarkable sensitivity to transient illumination variations, particularly in low-light conditions. Also, the lack of resistive loads benefits compactness and decreases static power consumption. Experimental results with the sensor in the article demonstrate advantages over previous art regarding noise and latency.
Wearable Devices Based on Bioimpedance Test in Heart Failure: Clinical Relevance: Systematic Review
(IMR Press Limited, 2024) Giménez Miranda, Luis; Fernández Scagliusi, Santiago Joaquín; Pérez García, Pablo; Olmo Fernández, Alberto; Huertas Sánchez, Gloria; Yúfera García, Alberto; Medrano Ortega, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Electrónica; Medicina; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Junta de Andalucía; Caixa Catalunya
Background: Heart failure (HF) represents a frequent cause of hospital admission, with fluid overload directly contributing to decompensations. Bioimpedance (BI), a physical parameter linked to tissue hydration status, holds promise in monitoring congestion and improving prognosis. This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical relevance of BI-based wearable devices for HF fluid monitoring. Methods: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted in five medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase) for studies assessing wearable BI-measuring devices on HF patients following PRISMA recommendations on February 4th, 2024. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS tool. Results: The review included 10 articles with 535 participants (mean age 66.7 ± 8.9 years, males 70.4%). Three articles identified significant BI value differences between HF patients and controls or congestive vs non-congestive HF patients. Four articles focused on the devices’ ability to predict HF worsening-related events, revealing an overall sensitivity of 70.0 (95% CI 68.8–71.1) and specificity of 89.1 (95% CI 88.3–89.9). One article assessed prognosis, showing that R80kHz decrease was related to all-cause-mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.51 (95% CI 1.55–23.32; p = 0.02) and the composite all-cause-mortality and HF admission with a HR of 4.96 (95% CI 1.82–14.37; p = 0.01). Conclusions: BI-measuring wearable devices exhibit efficacy in detecting fluid overload and hold promise for HF monitoring. However, further studies and technological improvements are required to optimize their impact on prognosis compared to standard care before they can be routinely implemented in clinical practice.
PUF-derived IoT identities in a zero-knowledge protocol for blockchain
(Elsevier, 2020-03) Prada Delgado, Miguel Ángel; Baturone Castillo, María Iluminada; Dittmann, Gero; Jelitto, Jens; Kind, Andreas; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
As the internet of things moves into increasingly sensitive domains, connected devices need to be secured against data manipulation and counterfeiting. Where the underlying business processes involve multiple independent parties, a blockchain platform can provide a common source of truth. If changes to the common state depend on IoT devices, the authenticity and integrity of the IoT input must be ensured. Employing a blockchain platform for authenticating devices makes the process independent of the device manufacturer. This paper shows how cryptographic keys derived from a device's physical fingerprint can be employed in a zero-knowledge protocol to authenticate a device. As the keys are regenerated at boot time rather than stored, the approach does not need an expensive secure element. An efficient implementation enables even lightweight devices to prove their identity and sign messages. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the approach.
Alternative General Fitting Methods for Real-Time Cell-Count Experimental Data Processing
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020-07-20) Serrano Viseas, Juan Alfonso; Pérez García, Pablo; Huertas Sánchez, Gloria; Yúfera García, Alberto; Tecnología Electrónica; Electrónica y Electromagnetismo; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España
This paper reports two general methods for extraction of cell-electrode electrical model parameters in cell culture (CC) assays. The presented approaches can be applied to CC assays based on electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) technique for real-time supervision, providing the cell number per square centimeter, i.e., the cell density, as main result. Both of the proposed methods - minimization of system equations and data predictive model - search, during the experiment, the optimum values of the electrical model parameters employed for the electrode-cell model. The results of this search enable a fast and efficient calculation of the involved cell-electrode model parameters and supply real-time information on the cell number. For the sake of experimental validation, we applied the proposed methods to practical CCs in cell growth assays with a cell line of AA8 Chinese hamster ovarian fibroblasts and the Oscillation Based Test technique for bioimpedance measurements. These methods can be easily extrapolated to any general cell lines and/or other bioimpedance test methodologies.

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