Haser - 2023 - Nº 14

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/141117

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Syad-narrative as a philosophical practice method to minimize cognitive biases
(2023) Devarakonda, Saathvikd
The term ‘health’ does not merely apply to physical, social, and psychological spheres, but also extends to the philosophical sphere. Philosophical Counseling has recently emerged as a productive method to resolve issues concerning one’s philosophical health, by employing Socratic dialogue and related techniques to cross-examine the relevant thoughts, values, intentions, and actions, to spur realizations that alleviate the issues. In this paper, I introduce two interdependent ancient Jain philosophical doctrines that may be applied fruitfully in Philosophical Counseling practice, namely, Anekāntavāda, which is ontological, and Syadvada, which is epistemological. Anekāntavāda is the doctrine of non-one-sidedness, that is, that reality is multi-faceted, and Syadvada is the corollary doctrine that knowledge is therefore necessarily relative and perspectival. I exapt some ways in which these twin doctrines may be fruitfully applied to resolve various issues connected with the sorts of cognitive biases and bounded rationality that often present themselves in Philosophical Counseling sessions. Research has proven bounded rationality and heuristics to be the principal causes of cognitive biases. This paper discusses the causes and impacts of cognitive biases on the processes of judgment forming and decision making and focuses primarily on two applications of the two Jain doctrines: (1) to understand the multiple dimensions of reality through Anekāntavāda in order to minimize reliance on heuristics and bounded rationality, and (2) to identify and minimize specific cognitive biases. The objective is to propose Anekāntavāda and Syadvada as methodological tools of Philosophical Counseling that may be used to reduce bounded rationality, and to propose the blend of Syadvada and Narrative Therapy –the “Syad-Narrative” method –to attenuate cognitive biases and thus to yield productive outcomes in Philosophical Counseling.
Philosophical practice during the pandemic: dancing in the Noosphere
(2023) Marinoff, Lou
This essay reflects on widespread non-medical problems posed by the pandemic, especially its intensification of the transplanting of human consciousness into virtual domains. Resuscitating Teilhard de Chardin's 1922 conception of the noosphere—”the thinking envelope of earth”—we illustrate how the digital tradition that Chardin anticipated emerged from the oral, written and visual traditions preceding it. We identify some perceptual defects of the noosphere, in terms of their deleterious effects on cognition and socialization. We also assess some epistemic and political difficulties that ensue from attempts to control the “power source” of the noosphere, namely consciousness itself. Finally, we cite brief examples from Indian philosophy, Greek mythology, Victorian literature, Kabbalistic lore, and cosmo-biological speculation, all of which offer explanatory frameworks for interpreting the pandemic. Implicitly and explicitly, this address calls philosophical practitioners to action, as both COVID-19 and its accelerated population of the noosphere raise a plethora of non-medical yet vital human concerns. Philosophical counselors are positioned to help humanity re-conceive and therefore reinvent itself, in constructive pathways, during these trying times. And to that end, we need to adapt our philosophical practices to the noosphere as well; for it, like philosophy herself, is a product of rational consciousness.
Philosophical counselling and mediation. Theory and practice: exploring a pathway to justice
(2023) Acharya, Nayha
This paper will demonstrate how philosophical counselling would invaluably contribute to the arena of conflict resolution via mediation and civil justice generally. Mediation is a conflict resolution process that involves a third party who facilitates disputants in arriving at a self-determined resolution. This process is being incorporated into civil justice systems globally, but how mediation should be conducted to achieve truly just outcomes needs immediate and thoughtful attention. At its best, mediation empowers parties to co-create a just and fair resolution to their conflict through a dialogical exploration of their interests, needs, and relevant norms and values. This is dramatically different from the adjudicative process, where parties rely on legal frameworks and authoritative judicial decision-making to resolve conflict. In mediation, parties need to recognize and think critically about their worldviews and values. Philosophical counseling can provide mediators with an empathetic and dialogical method of helping parties think critically and rationally and to cultivate clarity, depth, and coherence in their worldview and value system. Enabling such deepened self-understanding would best empower participants to engage in authentic and critical dialogue, which, I argue, is essential to legitimate mediation that leads to just outcomes. This paper will demonstrate how several essential principles of philosophical counselling align precisely with the values, goals, and needs of just mediation (including deep self-understanding, critical awareness of worldviews/values, and propensity for rational dialogue). This paper lays an introductory foundation, ultimately calling for an interdisciplinary/interprofessional approach that would use the insights of philosophical counseling to bring significant benefits to the development of mediation programs and civil justice systems world-wide.
Philosophical counselling: common philosophical problems in business
(2023) De Almeida, André
In this article, I introduce problems which, while being philosophically relevant, are also common in business settings. I present the problems of responsibility, integrity, and autonomy and explain some of the specificities of their application in business settings. I explain that the relevance of the problems discussed in philosophical counseling comes from their significance at an existential level. I illustrate some of these problems by showing how they play out in particular philosophical counseling cases that I have conducted.
Philosophy as a best practice: towards a possible guideline for philosophical counselling
(2023) Salvaterra, Patrizia
This article aims to be a brief synthesis of my personal experience as a certified philosophical counsellor –as practised in the last 10 years –that I shared in the form of a presentation with the global audience of students and expert colleagues during the 1st International Conference on Philosophical Counselling, organized by Professor Balakanapathi Devarakonda, Department of Philosophy, at the University of Delhi, 14-16 January 2022. The conference was held under the aegis of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR), New Delhi, and the Department of Education, University of Delhi. The philosophical horizon, “the train of thought” (Whitehead, 1978), within which I find most of the ‘travel friends’ for extending the dialogue with my clients, forms the first part of the article, together with some frequently asked questions, both on the client’s and the counsellor’s side. The second part of the article includes a couple of real practical cases, a good and a bad one. As a presentation, it was aimed to stimulate discussion on the decisions made, and analyse eventual controversies together. Thus, for the time being, the presentation was meant to be mainly a helpful handout, while as a work in progress, it has a more ambitious goal: to become a sort of ‘Guideline for Philosophical Counselling as a Best Practice’, that borrows some lexicon from the medical field, along with few methodological criteria. I am well aware that this goal may appear as risky as hard to fulfil, since we all know there is not only ‘one philosophy’, neither only one vision of the world, nor a unique method for philosophical counselling. There are too many geographical, historical, anthropological, linguistic –in one word, cultural –implications that make the philosophical scenario always complex and multifaceted. Therefore, not a one-size-fits-all handbook on philosophical practice, but rather a guideline based on evidences that will end with some recommendations. As a matter of fact, one frequent objection moved against the application of philosophy as an effective way to help ordinary people in managing everyday life problems is that philosophical counsellors generally refuse to adhere to standards that may prove the quality of their work, and ground its validity. Recommendations will be classified from grade A to grade C, according to their validity in terms of practical efficacy and positive outcomes for the clients: - Category A: strongly recommended for implementation, and supported by numerous successful cases, philosophical texts and studies; - Category B: recommended and accepted as a practice, supported by limited evidence and philosophical literature; - Category C: represents an issue for which limited consensus regarding its validity exists. In the final text I would like to include a few pitfalls, as well as some open issues and a list of tips and tricks which may be beneficial to our younger colleagues and practitioners.
Building a bridge between the worlds of counseling and philosophy. Lessons from world of Karl Jaspers
(2023) Jones, Shanti
Karl Jaspers, a psychiatrist turned philosopher, always maintained an interest in all facets of what it means to be human. Because of this, his writings contain many ideas which can be useful to counselors of all persuasions. This paper introduces four of Jaspers’ ideas which, when considered all together, create a positive feedback loop that leads to greater efficacy in the counseling setting. The first, limit situations, includes the kind of situations a client is commonly in when she decides to seek help, for example, encounters with death, suffering, guilt, or loss. The second, meaningful connections, involves finding and establishing significant relationships that lead to greater understanding of what the client herself finds important. The third, the use of symbols, facilitates the client’s encounter with Being and gives her access to the Truth. The fourth, freedom, encourages the client to weigh all possibilities of a situation and to choose what is best for her. The dynamic process that ensues by interacting with these four ideas throughout the counseling process can enable the client to have a stronger sense of herself and to be more resolute as the subject of her life. The case study of a thirteen-year-old girl, whose presenting problem was cutting herself, is used to demonstrate how these four ideas can yield efficacious outcomes.
Repensar la formación carcelaria en Colombia desde una perspectiva filosófica
(2023) Sarmiento Aponte, Ingrid Victoria
En Colombia el hacinamiento se ha constituido históricamente como uno de los principales problemas de los centros carcelarios y penitenciarios, hecho que durante la crisis sanitaria desencadenada por el COVID-19 se hizo más evidente; así como la manera en que este atenta contra los Derechos Humanos fundamentales de los individuos privados de la libertad. Por otra parte, y desde una perspectiva educativa, otro de los problemas que enfrenta el sistema penitenciario del país, es la reducida oferta de proyectos formativos que repercutan en el desarrollo de la dimensión moral de las personas condición de cárcel, falencia que, sumada a muchas otras, dificulta la resocialización y explican la alta reincidencia en los delitos. En el presente artículo, apoyados en una lectura de algunas de las obras de Dewey dedicadas a pensar la naturaleza humana, su carácter moral y las características de una auténtica educación moral, se aboga por una formación ética para personas en condición de cárcel donde confluyan el interés por transformar las condiciones en las que se desenvuelven y la creación de escenarios que favorezcan el desarrollo de su capacidad para examinar reflexivamente la experiencia a través de la filosofía. Ahora bien, las conceptualizaciones que aquí se presentan fueron precursoras de un proceso investigativo que inició en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia en el año 2021 bajo la orientación y acompañamiento del doctor José Barrientos-Rastrojo, profesor titular de la Universidad de Sevilla y director del proyecto Internacional Boecio, y en el marco del cual se desarrollan talleres de estoicismo en cárceles orientados por estudiantes de distintos programas de la Escuela de Educación y la Escuela de Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades. Este proyecto investigativo condujo a la adaptación de los talleres a las modalidades virtual y a distancia para el trabajo con distintos grupos vulnerables y su impacto se encuentra actualmente siendo evaluado por distintos trabajos de grado asociados a esta investigación.

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