Artículos (Agronomía)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11297

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Evaluating near-infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective method for fatty acid profiling in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
(Elsevier, 2025) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Hachero Cruzado, Ismael; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
This study evaluates the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and cost-effective technique for estimating the fatty acid profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Traditionally, lipid profiling in aquaculture products has relied on gas chromatography (GC), a highly accurate but time-consuming, costly and complex method requiring extensive sample preparation. In contrast, NIRS offers a non-invasive, rapid and accurate alternative for predicting chemical composition. While NIRS has shown success in lipid profiling for fatty fish species, its application to lean fish, such as Senegalese sole, presents challenges due to low lipid concentrations and overlapping spectral signals. In this study, Senegalese sole were fed experimental diets varying in marine protein and lipid content. Lipid profiles of 75 tissue samples were analysed using both GC and NIRS, with fatty acid content expressed as percentage of total fatty acids (% TFA) and as µg fatty acid per mg dry tissue (µg FA/mg dry tissue). Calibrations were developed using Modified Partial Least Squares Regression (MPLSR) and the prediction accuracy was assessed using calibration statistics. The results showed that dietary lipids significantly influenced the fatty acid composition of Senegalese sole, consistent with previous findings for marine fish. NIRS calibrations were most accurate when fatty acid content was expressed as µg FA/mg dry tissue, giving better predictions than % TFA. The best calibrations were obtained for oleic acid, the dominant fatty acid in Senegalese sole, with an R2cv of 0.83 and a ratio of standard deviation/cross validation error (RPD) of 2.44. Fatty acid group predictions were more accurate for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than for the other groups, with an R2cv of 0.85 and an RPD of 2.60. These results demonstrate the potential of NIRS as a rapid and cost-effective method for fatty acid profiling in Senegalese sole, particularly for the estimation of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA). However, further research is needed to improve the accuracy and robustness of NIRS prediction models. Expanding the calibration dataset to include greater variability in diet, season and cultivation conditions will improve the reliability of the method for wider applications.
Consumers’ knowledge, attitudes and willingness to pay for aquaponic products in Spain and Latin America
(Elsevier, 2021) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Aquaponics is a productive system in which the production of vegetables and fish is synergistically combined within a circular economy framework. Although these systems have been in development for more than 50 years, the presence of aquaponic products in the markets is still very limited. Previous studies have been carried out trying to characterise consumers, although none was focused on Spain and Latin America. In this work, 636 responses have been obtained to a survey with 27 questions, which has enabled characterising the preferences of potential consumers and their willingness to pay higher prices for aquaponic products. Nearly 60% of the respondents knew what aquaponic was and this knowledge was influenced by the academic level and the concern for the environment. Most participants considered aquaponics as a very interesting food production system. They were mainly motivated to consume aquaponic products due to their quality and taste and to the absence of pesticides or chemical residues. A remarkable influence of the household income, concern for the environment and, mostly, prior knowledge about aquaponics was found concerning the willingness to pay higher prices. Therefore, advertising campaigns providing specific information on this type of food production would be advisable to increase its degree of acceptance.
Advances in urban horticulture by means of family-sized aquaponic systems: technical and social aspects
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Lobillo, J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics, where fish effluents are used as nutritive solution by plants. At the University of Seville, different works have been developed over the last 12 years in order to improve the designs proposed by FAO, determine the safety of the food produced, study the productivity and profitability under Mediterranean climate, as well as the suppressiveness against some water-borne plant diseases. However, one of the most interesting findings that have stood out in the results are those related to social issues. The city of Seville has one of the neighbourhoods with the worst rates of social exclusion in Europe: El Polígono Sur, where different knowledge transfer activities have been developed. The objective of this work is to describe the aquaponic technology transfer activities to this disadvantaged neighbourhood and the social advances that were achieved during this period of collaboration, introducing healthy diet drivers and empowering adults in the neighbourhood. To achieve this goal, students participated in data collection operations (water quality, plant and fish production, etc.) and adults were teachers in a course. At the high school Joaquín Romero Murube, participating students received an extra supply of fresh vegetables while they practiced different curricular subjects in their aquaponic facilities, improving the nutritional quality of the students' diet, reducing absenteeism and promoting their learning in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM subjects). Therefore, aquaponics has been a valuable tool to improve the nutritional quality of the students' diet, motivating their participation in academic activities and empowering the adults who taught the training courses in the University of Seville.
Improving the water quality of a pond coupled with a vertical garden. Case study: ornamental symbiosis
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2023) Martínez Millán, l.; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Rossini Oliva, Sabina; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
In cities, space is becoming increasingly scarce to establish new green areas. Therefore, vertical greening systems are a promising solution, due to their multiple benefits. Among them is the ability of vegetation to reduce air and water contamination (phytoremediation). The objective of this case study was to evaluate the performance of a vertical garden coupled to a small ornamental pond functioning as an aquaponic system. The vertical garden was composed by felt modules and planted with different plant species: Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques, Fatsia japonica (Thunberg) Decne. & Planch., Ficus pumila L., Hedera helix L., Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott, Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt and Tradescantia zebrina (Bosse). It was connected to an ornamental pond with Carassius auratus (Goldfish) through underground pipes that recirculated the water between both subsystems. An autonomous functioning of the system was observed, with a satisfactory development of plants and an improvement in the pond appearance, which was confirmed by the presence of other species: birds, frogs, and tadpoles (bio-indicators of water quality). The results showed that the connection between a vertical garden and a pond induces an ornamental symbiosis, by saving the use of water and fertilizers (taking advantage of the nutrients provided by the fish feces and food scraps), while improving the quality of the water returning to the pond, which is necessary for the wellbeing of fish.
Estimation of in vitro digestibility and fermentation of elephant grass by near infrared spectroscopy
(Wiley, 2023) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Rodrigues, Janderson A.; Abreu, Matheus; Ferreira, Eduardo A; Peixoto, Wender M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The methods used to evaluate kinetic parameters of ruminant feeds can be in situ and in vitro. For both methods, it is necessary to maintain cannulated animals in order to collect the inoculum from the rumen, which has been under strong pressure from society, in terms of animal welfare policies, to avoid this type of practices. This work aimed to evaluate the estimation of in vitro digestibility and fermentation of elephant grass forage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), as a fast and noninvasive alternative to the in vitro method. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme, with 13 genotypes in the plot and 15 regrowth ages in the subplot. Crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents; in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) digestibilities; and total volume (Vt), gas production rate (μ) and half-life conventional analyses were determined for pre-dried elephant grass forage samples. For the evaluation of NIRS models performance, coefficient of determination (R2cv) and standard error of cross validation (SECV) were used. As the regrowth age advanced, there was a linear increase in the NDF content and a linear reduction in the IVDMD, IVNDFD and Vt values. The NIRS estimates proved to be adequate for IVDMD (R2cv = .95), IVNDFD (R2cv = .85), Vt (R2cv = .81) and gas production at 48 (R2cv = .82), 72 (R2cv = .85) and 96 h (R2cv = .84), confirming as an alternative to the in vitro methods that dispense with the use of cannulated animals.
Evaluation of rooting and growth of pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) cuttings in soilless production: comparison of hydroponic vs. aquaponic systems
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Malia Torrejón, Miguel; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Gross, Jackson A.; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
effluents generated in aquaculture could contribute to increased risk of environmental contamination. aquaponic could facilitate the resolution of this problem by transforming those potential pollutants into nutrients for plants, providing an extra vegetable production in a circular economy framework. highly profitable vegetables such as pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) could improve the economic viability of these farms, but little is known about its performance in aquaponic systems. rooting and vegetative growth of 12 cuttings of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus hybridum) were evaluated over a period of six months in two aquaponic systems rearing tilapia with different hydroponic subsystems (nutrient Film technique, nFt and Media Bed, MB). a control group of hydroponic culture using substrate filled pots was used for comparison. Water quality and environmental parameters were also measured to evaluate their influence on plant development. Hylocereus hybridum showed higher vegetative growth, and earlier shoot emission in combination with the control system, followed by the nFt and finally the MB. in relation to root growth, Hylocereus undatus showed best results in combination with the substrate system. Best results for precocity in root emission, evaluated in the nFt system, were obtained for Hylocereus hybridum. Water quality parameters had no significant effect on plant development, while fish live weight increased in both systems.
Contribution of Household Aquaponic Production to a Low Price Healthy Mediterranean Diet in an Economically Depressed Community
(MDPI, 2023) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Gross, Jackson A.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Homestead aquaponic production has been proposed as a reasonable alternative for obtaining food within the framework of the circular economy. However, little is known about the ability of homestead aquaponics to contribute to a healthy diet and the savings it represents on the cost of such diets for inhabitants of economically depressed communities. In the present work, based on a case study, the nutritional contribution of vegetables and fish produced in one year has been calculated, with the goal of determining the contribution of aquaponics to the healthy diet of an adult during this study period. The amount of external food products that should be purchased, the nutritional contribution of the complete diet (comparing it with that of a Mediterranean diet), and its cost have also been determined. The results show that achieving a balanced diet in macronutrients, minerals and essential nutrients with aquaponics is feasible, with a real cost of about 3.07 euros per person per day, amounting to a mean savings of 22% compared to the market price of food. The percentage of nutrient contribution of aquaponic foods exceeds in most cases 20%, being especially high for protein, dietary fiber, some minerals such as potassium, and vitamins.
Feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy for estimating suppressiveness of carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus L.) fusarium wilt in different plant growth media
(Elsevier, 2022-11-05) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Borrero Vega, Celia; Cozzolino, Daniel; Avilés Guerrero, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
Fusarium wilt is one of the most widespread diseases in carnation crops in a large number of countries. Plant protection products commonly used to remedy the disease have been considered ineffective and environmentally unsafe for commercial use. As an alternative, the use of suppressive growth media has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a rapid method such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor and evaluate suppressive media potential. The NIR spectra were collected from 6 plant growth media used in a series of trials to evaluate suppressiveness to carnation Fusarium wilt namely grape marc compost, cork compost, olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and mixed with rice husk, spent mushroom composted and mixed with peat, coir fiber and light peat. The NIR calibration models showed promising results for estimating pH, β-glucosidase activity, disease severity (AUDPC and RLSBX) in the growth media evaluated, with coefficients of determination of 0.99, 0.98, 0.98 and 0.90; SECV of 0.09, 11.63, 0.05 and 0.10; and RPD values of 13.86, 6.62, 7.19 and 3.24; respectively. NIR spectroscopy could become a useful non-destructive and fast analytical tool for the identification of Fusarium wilt suppressive composts, avoiding the use of reagents.
Polyculture production of vegetables and red hybrid tilapia for self-consumption by means of micro-scale aquaponic systems
(Elsevier, 2021-11) Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Lobillo Eguíbar, José; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Quevedo Ruiz, Francisco Javier; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Aquaponic systems combine fish (aquaculture) and plant production (hydroponics), mimicking a complex ecosystem. Though aquaponic facilities can be built for commercial purposes, the self-consumption perspective is also important. There is a gap in studies that evaluate the use of a large number of plant species produced in aquaponic systems for self-consumption. The objective of this study was assessing the aquaponic production of a polyculture of different vegetables, herbs and fruits together with tilapia, with a self-consumption purpose, during a whole year in a marginal neighbourhood of the city of Seville (Spain), taking into account the climatic limitations during summer and winter. Two alternatives to reduce energy consumption in winter were also tested. This work provides an exhaustive description of the operation and management of two self-constructed Micro-Scale Aquaponic Systems (4.56 m2 of cropping area and a 1 m3 fish tank) based on FAO models. In them, 62 kg of tilapia and 352 kg of 22 different vegetables and fruits were produced during a year. This study proved that a micro-scale aquaponic facility can provide enough fruits, vegetables and fish for a complete family of four members throughout the year.
Viability of near infrared spectroscopy for a rapid analysis of the bioactive compounds in intact cocoa bean husk
(Elsevier, 2021-02) Hernández Hernández, Carolina; Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Guillermo; Bermúdez Oria, Alejandra; Morales Sillero, Ana María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The potential of the cocoa bean husk (CBH) as a natural source of bioactive compounds is ever-increasing. In this work, its bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were analyzed using near infrared spectroscopy in samples of CBH. Beans were harvested and fermented in a Mexican gene bank. Reference data on total sugars, total phenols, phenolic compounds, theobromine, and antioxidant activity were correlated with the intact husk and bean spectra. The Modified Partial Least Square regression method (MPLSR) was used to develop calibrations. Good calibration statistics were obtained for total sugars (r2 =0.90), theobromine (r2 =0.83) and total phenols (r2 =0.81) in data related to the CBH spectra, with a ratio of standard deviation/standard error of cross validation (RPD) of 3.16, 2.39 and 2.28, respectively. Acceptable calibrations for the estimation of bioactive compounds in CBH were obtained for the first time from the spectra of intact grain samples. Industries interested in bioactive compounds from CBH could use this technology as an easy and fast method to predict their contents, while avoiding the inconvenient de-husking process.
Performance of a felt based living wall with greywater irrigation using different indoor ornamental species
(Elsevier, 2025-02) Fernández Cabanás, Víctor Manuel; Suárez Cáceres, Gina Patricia; Fernández Cañero, Rafael; Rossini Oliva, Sabina; Pérez Urrestarazu, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
Vertical greening systems are becoming popular nature-based solutions for including vegetation in the built environment. However, one of the main concerns regards to their water requirements. The use of greywater for their irrigation can be a solution. While several studies have proven that using living walls as a biofilter can improve the quality of the greywater applied for their irrigation, the effects on the vegetation of continuous irrigation with greywater are still unknown. The main objective of this work is the assessment of the vegetation performance using different plant species in indoor living walls exclusively irrigated with greywater. For that, three species (Philodendron hederaceum, Spathiphyllum wallisii and Nephrolepis exaltata) planted on felt-based living wall modules were tested for 30 weeks. Information regarding the main water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentration of major cation and anions, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand for an incubation period of 5 days (BOD5) were obtained and the development of the vegetation was monitored. The three species adapted well to the continuous irrigation with greywater, though S. wallisii showed a slight decrease in green cover at the end of the study. As the greywater was recirculated, EC increased with time, but no clear effects on growth and appearance were observed in the plants. This suggests the need of periodically replacing the greywater used for irrigation or including irrigation events with freshwater.
The role of the expansion of native-invasive plant species in coastal dunes: the case of Retama monosperma in SW Spain
(Elsevier, 2014) Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Gallego Fernández, Juan Bautista; Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
Invasion by allochthonous plant species are identified, at present, among the main conservation hazards to coastal dunes. Nevertheless, the role of the expansion, with invasive character, of native species in these ecosystems has received little attention in ecological studies. In recent decades, Retama monosperma, a late colonizing legume shrub found in coastal sandy areas, endemic to the SW of the Iberian Peninsula and NW Morocco, has displayed invasive behavior in coastal dunes in different parts of the world, including its natural area of distribution. Its rapid expansion and increase in coverage has significantly contributed to the dune stabilization process, sometimes involving notable changes in the environment, plant community and shaping local distribution of some associated fauna, thus modifying the functioning of the whole ecosystem. In this review we examine the role of the expansion of R. monosperma in SW Spain coastal dunes, causes and implications, in the context of the ecological theory of invasions, and comparing it with other case studies.
Effects on soil, microclimate and vegetation of the native-invasive Retama monosperma (L.) in coastal dunes
(Springer, 2011) Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Gallego Fernández, Juan Bautista; Dellafiore, Claudia; Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The aim of this study was to analyse and quantify the effects of the canopy of the native-invasive N-fixer woody shrub Retama monosperma in the dune ecosystem, affecting the structure and function of the dune environment as well as plant community, in the context of the facilitation mechanism. Air temperature and relative humidity; soil pH, electric conductivity, organic matter (OM) and nutrient content; above and below-ground vegetation biomass, litter mass, species richness and Shannon diversity were determined and compared from sampling plots below the R. monosperma canopy and in canopy gaps within a coastal dune system in SW Spain. The relationships between soil OM and nutrient contents and above and below-ground vegetation biomass, litter mass, species richness and Shannon diversity were also assessed. A predominance of positive interactions was confirmed. The canopy of R. monosperma ameliorated temperature extremes beneath, and soil OM and nutrient concentrations were increased by 188–466%, compared to those found in gaps. Plant biomass increased by 442% beneath the canopy and was composed almost exclusively of herbaceous annuals. Plant diversity was not affected. Plant communities were clearly structured as fertility islands, distributed in an environmentally stressful dune matrix characterized by scarce vegetation cover and low biomass.
Evaluation of the potential of Atriplex halimus stem cuttings for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils
(Elsevier, 2016) Mancilla Leytón, Juan Manuel; Navarro Ramos, María J.; Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Figueroa Clemente, Manuel Enrique; Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The use of cuttings in the restoration of degraded ecosystems presents important advantages compared to seed sowing. The applicability of cuttings from some coastal plants for the recovery of soils contaminated with heavy metals has been recently recognised. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to analyse the effects of a concentration range of copper (0–9 mmol l−1) on the establishment, growth and photosynthetic performance of Atriplex halimus cuttings, in order to determine the phytotoxicity threshold values of plants from cuttings and assess the possible physiological effects of this metal. The cuttings from the study species showed the ability to survive, root and grow under Cu concentrations of up to 9 mmol l−1. Although no effects were observed in the photosynthetic apparatus, concentrations of 4.5 mmol l−1 and higher caused a decrease in growth, net photosynthetic rate and rooting percentages. The present study allows concluding that the use of cuttings from Atriplex halimus could be a valuable and efficient tool for the restoration of vegetation in Cu-polluted coastal ecosystems.
Advances in the use of Halimione portulacoides stem cuttings for phytoremediation of Zn-polluted soils
(Elsevier, 2016) Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Mancilla Leytón, Juan Manuel; Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Cambrón-Sena, Antonio; Figueroa Clemente, Manuel Enrique; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The salt-marsh shrub Halimione portulacoides can grow in soils containing extremely high concentrations of Zn and stem cuttings have recently been shown to aid the recovery of polluted soils although further work on this methodology have is required. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of a range of Zn concentrations (0–130 mmol l−1) on the establishment, growth and photosynthetic performance of stem cuttings of different sizes of Halimione portulacoides, with the aim of determine the phytotoxicity thresholds and the optimal initial size of the cuttings to be used in phytoremediation strategies. Stem cuttings were able to survive and grow at external Zn concentrations of 130 mmol l−1. Plants from smaller cuttings showed greater growth inhibition, which could have been related to the inability to establish a root system sufficiently developed so as to avoid the translocation of Zn to aerial parts. The present study demonstrates that stem cuttings of H. portulacoides can establish and develop a root system under concentrations as high as 130 mmol l−1 Zn (approximately 9000 mg kg−1). In highly polluted soils, with concentrations from 50 mmol l−1, it would be advisable to use stem cuttings with a minimum size of approximately 10 cm in length and a minimum biomass of 100 mg dry weight. This study indicate that the use of H. portulacoides stem cuttings could play an important role in the restoration of coastal ecosystems contaminated with heavy metals.
Tolerance and accumulation of copper in the salt-marsh shrub Halimione portulacoides
(Elsevier, 2012) Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Mancilla Leytón, Juan Manuel; Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Luque Palomo, María Teresa; Figueroa Clemente, Manuel Enrique; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The present study evaluated the tolerance and accumulation potential in the salt-marsh shrub Halimione portulacoides under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0 to 60 mmol l−1) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also determined total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur concentrations in the plant tissues. H. portulacoides survived with external Cu concentrations of up to 35 mmol Cu l−1, although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 48%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a drastic reduction in net photosynthesis. However, H. portulacoides tolerated Cu levels of up to 15 mmol Cu l−1 without suffering adverse physiological effects. Our results indicate that this species could play an important role in the restoration of Cu-contaminated soils.
Zinc tolerance and accumulation in the salt-marsh shrub Halimione portulacoides
(Elsevier, 2012) Cambrollé Silva, Jesús; Mancilla Leytón, Juan Manuel; Muñoz Vallés, Sara; Luque Palomo, María Teresa; Figueroa Clemente, Manuel Enrique; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
The halophytic shrub Halimione portulacoides is known to be capable of growth in soils containing extremely high concentrations of Zn. This study evaluated in detail the tolerance and accumulation potential of H. portulacoides under moderate and high external Zn levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of Zn concentrations (0–130 mmol L−1) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring relative growth rate, total leaf area, specific leaf area, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigment concentrations. We also determined the total zinc, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and copper concentrations in the plant tissues. H. portulacoides demonstrated hypertolerance to Zn stress, since it survived with leaf concentrations of up to 2300 mg Zn kg−1 dry mass, when treated with 130 mmol Zn L−1. Zinc concentrations greater than 70 mmol L−1 in the nutrient solution negatively affected plant growth, in all probability due to the recorded decline in net photosynthesis rate. Our results indicate that the Zn-induced decline in the photosynthetic function of H. portulacoides may be attributed to the adverse effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. Growth parameters were virtually unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations as high as 1500 mg Zn kg−1 dry mass, demonstrating the strong capability of H. portulacoides to protect itself against toxic Zn concentrations. The results of our study indicate that this salt-marsh shrub may represent a valuable tool in the restoration of Zn-polluted areas.
First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae race 1 causing Fusarium wilt of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) in the Alentejo region of Portugal
(American Phytopathological Society, 2024) Prieto Rodríguez, Pablo; Pastrana León, Ana María; Borrero Vega, Celia; Avilés Guerrero, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
In the summer of 2023, within the Alentejo region (Portugal), a new occurrence of a plant disease of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivar ‘Monterey’ was observed in a spring commercial planting.
The determination of total phosphorus improves the accuracy of the bicarbonate extraction as an availability index
(Wiley, 2019-02-03) Recena Garrido, Ramiro; Díaz de la Torre, Isabel; García López, Ana M.; Delgado García, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos
The efficient use of phosphorus (P) in agriculture should rely on accurate soil P tests (SPT). Organic P contributes to P supply to plants; however, it is not usually taken into account in assessing P fertilizer requirements. We hypothesized that there would be an increased accuracy of bicarbonate extraction as SPT in predicting P uptake by plants if total P (TP) in this soil extract is taken into account. We conducted a soil P depletion experiment with 36 soils involving four consecutive crops in pots. Molybdate-reactive P (MRP) and total P were determined in extracts centrifuged at 19,000 g (Bic-MRPC and Bic-TPC) or not (Bic-MRP and Bic-TP). MRP in extracts explained <47% of the variance in the cumulative P uptake, while total P (centrifuged at 19,000 g or not) provided the most accurate estimation of P uptake (59% with Bic-TP) and threshold values for fertilizer response (R2 = 0.58 with Bic-TPc). When soils were separated in two groups according to their Ca carbonate equivalent to clay ratio, the variance in the cumulative P uptake explained by Bic-MRP was above 63%, and that explained by Bic-TP was above 73%. This separation also enabled more realistic estimation of the threshold values for fertilizer response. It can be concluded that the use of total P instead of MRP in bicarbonate extraction was promising in terms of improving its accuracy in assessing P fertilizer requirements.
Genetic analyses for linear conformation traits in Pura Raza Español horses
(Elsevier, 2013-10) Sánchez Guerrero, María José; Gómez, M. D.; Molina, A.; Valera Córdoba, María Mercedes; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Agronomía
A linear assessment methodology was developed for the conformational data in the Pura Raza Español horse (Andalusian horse). The final design included 31 linear traits (20 primary and 11 secondary). A total of 4158 records from 2512 horses collected during 2008 and 2011 were included in the genetic evaluation. The genetic analyses were executed twice, the first one only with the first conformation assessment record of each animal (dataset 1: 2512 horses and records), and the second one, only for animals with more than one conformation records available (dataset 2: 876 horses and 2522 records). Genetic parameters were estimated using REML methodology (in a linear animal model), and age, sex, geographic region and combination of appraiser×event were included as fixed effects in the model. For the analysis with dataset 2, permanent environment was also included as random effect. The pedigree file traced back the relationships to include a total of 12,385 (dataset 1) and 3025 (dataset 2) horses. After the repeatability and reproducibility of the system were evaluated, according to our results, the appraisers used the whole scale and showed an adequate level of repeatability (≥0.95), and the reproducibility of analyzed traits was over 0.90 for all traits. Despite the fact that the quality of the morphological assessment can be considered adequate, further training is recommendable for appraisers in order to improve uniformity. Heritabilities with dataset 1 were low-moderate, ranging from 0.06±0.026 (angle of shoulder) to 0.35±0.044 (head length) for the primary traits, and from 0.08±0.032 (frontal angle of knee) to 0.23±0.035 (head-neck junction) for the secondary ones. Heritabilities found with dataset 2 were slightly lower than those obtained with dataset 1. Genetic correlations between traits were also obtained, which ranged from 0.92 to 0.00 in both datasets. These results must be taken into account in order to reduce the number of traits routinely collected in this population.

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