"Museu das remoções" potencia de resistencia creativa y efectiva como respuesta sociocultural a Río de Janeiro en mega eventos.

Abstract

This paper will examine the construction of the Evictions Museum in Vila Autódromo, which took place amidst the rise of various civil rights movements in Rio de Janeiro. The introduction of a form of city management called 'urban entrepreneurship,' (Harvey, 1996) prompted a steady loss of civil rights in the city. The Evictions Museum is just one manifestation of the fight for the right to the city, and for the right to housing which occurred as a result of this new form of administration. The effects of this change were felt strongest between 2009 and 2016 when the city was preparing for and hosting the international mega events. During this period, mayor Eduardo Paes was in office. The socio-spatial transformations that took place in the years leading up to the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics were influenced by the interests of the global market, which corresponds with the construction of a neoliberal city (or the aforementioned urban entrepreneurship). This development, shaped by the prominent role of businesses in urban management, mirrors larger changes in the global economy which has international financial capital at the heart of its negotiations. These negotiations are characterised by speed and the authority through which corporate interests are implemented. This dynamic can also be seen in the execution of the territorial reshuffle through PPPs (public-private partnerships). These transformations also mean that urban policies develop "with the backing of a triumphant consumerism in an era characterised by the hegemony of thought and neoliberal management practices" (Rolnik, 2016: 262). The strategy used to accomplish 'urban entrepreneurship' (or the neoliberalisation of cities) had already been employed in various US cities and in Barcelona. When applied to the context of Rio de Janeiro this manifests itself in the privatisation of public space, and in changing the socio-cultural profile of residents living in certain areas of the city (gentrification) through large-scale urban projects. In order to for this to happen, the state presents itself as legislatively flexible and executively authoritative in attending private interests, to the detriment of collective demands. Increased socio-spatial segregation is the primary consequence of these urban-administrative transformations. However, other material and symbolic socio-urban developments can also seen in the city (as Lefebvre argues, you can read a city like you can read a book (Lefebvre, 2001), which have been met with resistance. Vila Autódromo is a space torn between capital interests on the one hand, and the fight for the right to the city on the other. The Evictions Museum is an experience of the creative fight which took place in this favela in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. This museum prevented the complete fulfillment of state interests (which favoured the real estate industry) and achieved permanent residence for 20 families in the community, despite the city government's plan to evict the entire community. The Evictions Museum was a product of Vila Autódromo's resistance and presents an example to the rest of the world of how civil rights can be won through the fight of a community and its network of supporters. The Evictions Museum demonstrates the power of creative and insurgent resistance to hegemonic issues (Miraftab, 2004, 2009) and helps support the hypothesis that everyday socio-spatial practices in favelas are able to inspire people to mobilise themselves in a persistent and efficient way against the construction of a neoliberal state. Solidarity and affectivity are links formed through residing in a place (Lefebvre, 2001).