Solitary waves in a discrete nonlinear Dirac equation

Abstract

In the present work, we introduce a discrete formulation of the nonlinear Dirac equation in the form of a discretization of the Gross – Neveu model. The motivation for this discrete model proposal is both computational (near the continuum limit) and theoretical (using the understanding of the anti-con- tinuum limit of vanishing coupling). Numerous unexpected features are identi fi ed including a staggered solitary pattern emerging from a single site excitation, as well as two- and three-site excitations playing a role analogous to one- and two-site excitations, respectively, of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger analogue of the model. Stability exchanges between the two- and three-site states are identi fi ed, as well as instabilities that appear to be per- sistent over the coupling strength ε , for a subcritical value of the propagation constant Λ . Variations of the propagation constant, coupling parameter and nonlinearity exponent are all examined in terms of their existence and stability implications and long dynamical simulations are used to unravel the evolu- tionary phenomenology of the system (when unstable)