Physical and Psychosocial Benefits of Sports Participation Among Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background This study aims to identify sports interventions for children and adolescents (CaA) with chronic diseases and evaluate their impact on physical, psychological, and social well‑being. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the potential benefits of sports interventions for CaA with chronic diseases and inform future interventions to promote their overall health and well‑being. Methods A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies on sport‑based interventions for CaA with chronic diseases. The review included randomized controlled trials and observational studies that focused on physical and psychosocial outcomes. Results We screened 10,123 titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of 622 records, and included 52 primary stud ies. A total of 2352 participants were assessed with an average of 45 ± 37 participants per study. Among the included studies involving CaA with chronic diseases with an age range from 3 to 18 years, 30% (n = 15) autism spectrum dis orders, 21% (n = 11) cerebral palsy, 19% (n = 10) were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 17% (n = 9) obesity. Other diseases included were cancer (n = 5), asthma (n = 1) and cystic fibrosis (n = 1). Interventions involved various sports and physical activities tailored to each chronic disease. The duration and frequency of interventions varied across studies. Most studies assessed physical outcomes, including motor performance and physical fitness measures. Psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated, focusing on behavioural problems, social competencies, and health related quality of life. Conclusion Overall, sport‑based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial outcomes in CaA with chronic diseases. Interventions are generally safe, and participants adhere to the prescribed protocols favorably. Despite that, there is little evidence that interventions are being implemented. Future studies should include inter ventions tailored to meet the common issues experienced by CaA with chronic conditions, providing a comprehen sive understanding of the impact of sports interventions on those affected. Registration The methodology for this review was pre‑determined and registered in the PROSPERO database (regis tration number: CRD42023397172) Key Points • The study’s objective was to examine the impact of sports interventions on CaA with chronic diseases, focusing on physical, psychological, and social well‑being. • The study’s findings showed that sport‑based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial out comes in CaA with chronic diseases. Moreover, participants generally adhered favorably to the prescribed inter vention protocols. • To enhance the impact of sports interventions, future studies should develop tailored interventions addressing the common issues (e.g., limited accessibility and inclusion, psychosocial barriers, variable adherence, etc.) expe rienced by CaA with chronic conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of these inter ventions for affected individuals.