How do cultural factors influence the provision of end-of-life care? A narrative review

Abstract

Background: Culture influences the way in which patients, families and professionals provide care and undergo decision-making at the end of life. Objective: Therefore, our research questions were: How do cultural aspects influence the needs, perceptions, and experiences of patients and their families in end-of-life care? What implications does cultural diversity have for professionals who care for individuals at the end of life? Methods: A narrative review was conducted between June and July 2022. Articles published between 2017 and 2022 in peer-reviewed journals were included. Results: A total of 43 studies were included. Our findings were grouped into four themes: 1) places to die and preferences about healthcare interventions (e.g. parts of the immigrant population tend to receive more aggressive and invasive interventions); 2) advance care planning and verbalization of death (e.g. less use of ACP in some minority groups); 3) rituals and family involvement during healthcare; 4) professionals addressing multiculturalism in care at the end of life (e.g. lack of training in addressing the context of multiculturalism). Conclusions: These findings could contribute to making professionals more aware of cultural aspects that influence the process of death and highlight the need for further training in the handling of such situations.