Reproducibility of the anorectal angle with transperineal ultrasound

Abstract

Background: The anorectal angle (ARA) has been assessed with different imaging methods and its measurement has traditionally been based on defecography or magnetic resonance studies. Different ultrasound methodologies have also been used for ARA assessment and have been validated as alternatives for the ARA measurement, such as three-dimensional (3D) endovaginal ultrasound and 3D transperineal ultrasound. 3D transperineal ultrasound does not require the introduction of ultrasound transducers inside the anal canal. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the use of transperineal ultrasound can provide more reproducible ARA measurements, something that has not been established by 3D endovaginal probe or defecography. Our objective is to determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of transperineal ultrasound for the assessment of ARA. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed with 40 patients. The study of the ARA was performed from the mid-sagittal plane (at rest, Valsalva and maximum contraction), visualizing the anorectal canal, the anorectal junction and the rectal ampulla. ARA measurements were performed initially by explorer 1 (E1), subsequently by explorer 2 (E2) and finally again by E1. Intraobserver and interobserver variability was calculated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Intraobserver variability was excellent for all measurements of the ARA at rest, Valsalva and maximal contraction, with ICC ranging from 0.968 to 0.975. Interobserver variability was also superb for all measurements of the ARA at rest, Valsalva and maximal contraction, with ICC ranging from 0.971 to 0.979. Conclusions: Intraobserver and interobserver variability were excellent for the ARA measurements by transperineal ultrasound.