Radiological impact of naturally occurring radionuclides in bottled water

Abstract

Consumption of bottled water is increasing year after year in Europe. Due to the local geology from where the water is extracted; bottled water could be enhanced with radionuclides. This study focuses on the activity concentrations of 210Po, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, 234U and 238U in bottled water available in the Swedish market, to assess the radiological impact to different age groups. The results showed that among the 26 brands studied, only three could exceed the threshold value for drinking water: 0.1 mSv/year. For two brands, the dose was mainly due to the activity concentrations of 238U and 234U being up to 714 and 1162 mBq/L, respectively. While for one brand, the dose was mainly due to the activity concentration of both 210Po and 210Pb being around 100 mBq/L. For the remainder brands, 228Ra was the main contributor to the committed effective dose.