Capítulos (Fisiología Médica y Biofísica)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11036

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Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7

Constitutive expression of Hif2α confers acute O2 sensitivity to carotid body glomus cells
(Elsevier, 2023-06-16) Colinas Miranda, Olalla; Moreno Domínguez, Alejandro; Ortega Sáenz, Patricia; López Barneo, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica; Conde, Sílvia V.; Iturriaga, Rodrigo; del Río, Rodrigo; Estelle, Gauda; Monteiro, Emília C.; Universidad de Sevilla. CTS-516: Fisiología celular y Biofísica
Acute oxygen (O2) sensing and adaptation to hypoxia are essential for physiological homeostasis. The prototypical acute O2 sensing organ is the carotid body, which contains chemosensory glomus cells expressing O2-sensitive K+ channels. Inhibition of these channels during hypoxia leads to cell depolarization, transmitter release, and activation of afferent sensory fibers terminating in the brain stem respiratory and autonomic centers. Focusing on recent data, here we discuss the special sensitivity of glomus cell mitochondria to changes in O2 tension due to Hif2α-dependent expression of several atypical mitochondrial electron transport chain subunits and enzymes. These are responsible for an accelerated oxidative metabolism and the strict dependence of mitochondrial complex IV activity on O2 availability. We report that ablation of Epas1 (the gene coding Hif2α) causes a selective downregulation of the atypical mitochondrial genes and a strong inhibition of glomus cell acute responsiveness to hypoxia. Our observations indicate that Hif2α expression is required for the characteristic metabolic profile of glomus cells and provide a mechanistic explanation for the acute O2 regulation of breathing.
A pathophysiological view of the neural stem cell niche
(Nova Science Publishers, INC. U.S., 2011) Pardal Redondo, Ricardo; Platero-Luengo, Aida; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)
Neural stem cells were described in the nervous system some decades ago as being responsible for adult neurogenesis and hence the structural plasticity in the tissue. These cells reside in specialized niches where they are exposed to paracrine signaling regulating their behavior. The discovery opened new perspectives for nervous system regeneration and repair, which will be greatly improved, as we know more about the molecular mechanisms taking place within the stem cell niche. Recent data enhance our understanding of the functioning of an adult neural stem cell niche. We now know that there are important cellular elements such as vascular and neuronal cells, as well as critical non-cellular elements such as the low levels of oxygen, regulating the biology of the progenitors. Studies about adult neural stem cells and their niche might also be important to understand the pathology of brain cancer. It has been reported that brain tumors rely on a group of deregulated stem cells, the so termed cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests the possibility that these malignant cells depend on the formation of an aberrant cancer stem cell niche that would allow them to proliferate and drive tumor growth. Furthermore, it seems like again this type of aberrant niche is composed of cellular elements like vascular cells, and non-cellular elements like an aggressive hypoxia driving a grossly disorganized angiogenesis and the proliferation of tumor stem cells. A detailed understanding of the molecular interplays taking place in the tumor niche will greatly improve our capacity to efficiently treat this disease and specifically kill the tumor initiating cells to avoid relapse. In this chapter, we will expose our actual knowledge about the functioning of normal and pathological stem cell niches in the adult nervous system, discussing the therapeutic implications this knowledge might have on the treatment of this devastating disease. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity in the Adult Carotid Body Germinal Niche
(Springer, 2019) Sobrino Cabello, Verónica; Annese, Valentina; Pardal Redondo, Ricardo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica
Somatic stem cells confer plasticity to adult tissues, permitting their maintenance, repair and adaptation to a changing environment. Adult germinal niches supporting somatic stem cells have been thoroughly characterized throughout the organism, including in central and peripheral nervous systems. Stem cells do not reside alone within their niches, but they are rather accompanied by multiple progenitor cells that not only contribute to the progression of stem cell lineage but also regulate their behavior. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these interactions within the niche is crucial to comprehend associated pathologies and to use stem cells in cell therapy. We have described a stunning germinal niche in the adult peripheral nervous system: the carotid body. This is a chemoreceptor organ with a crucial function during physiological adaptation to hypoxia. We have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells within this niche, escorted by multiple restricted progenitor cell types that contribute to niche physiology and hence organismal adaptation to the lack of oxygen. Herein, we discuss new and existing data about the nature of all these stem and progenitor cell types present in the carotid body germinal niche, discussing their role in physiology and their clinical relevance for the treatment of diverse pathologies.
Clinical applications of cell therapy
(Edikamed, 2010) López Barneo, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica
Carotid Body Transplants as a Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease
(The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013) Villadiego Luque, Francisco Javier; Muñoz Manchado, Ana Belén; Méndez Ferrer, Simón; Toledo Aral, Juan José; López Barneo, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica
Affecting over 1.5 million people across the world, Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological condition characterized, in part, by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It affects 1.5% of the global population over 65 years of age. As life expectancy is increasing, over the next few years the number of patients with Parkinson´s disease will grow exponentially. To date, there are no available treatments that are capable of curing Parkinson´s disease, and the current goal of therapy, dopamine replacement strategies, is to reduce symptoms. After several years of disease progression, treatment is complicated by the onset of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. This information reveals the great importance and social need of finding an effective therapeutic intervention for Parkinson´s disease. This exemplary new book reviews some of the most outstanding examples of new drugs currently in pharmaceutical development or new targets currently undergoing the validation process to try to reach the Parkinson´s drug market in the next few years as potential disease modifying drugs. Providing up to date and comprehensive coverage, this book will be essential reading for researchers working in academia and industry in any aspect of medicinal chemistry or drug discovery.
La fisiología celular, los canales iónicos y la creación de una biofísica española
(Manuel Cortijo Mérida, 2011) López Barneo, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica
Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011) Pascual Bravo, Alberto; Villadiego Luque, Francisco Javier; Hidalgo-Figueroa, María; Méndez Ferrer, Simón; Gómez Díaz, Raquel; Toledo Aral, Juan José; López Barneo, José; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica

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