Revisita a Suárez y Vico

Abstract

El artículo analiza la influencia del pensamiento de Francisco Suárez sobre el de Giambattista Vico, y se ocupa básicamente de analizar los conceptos de derecho natural y de gentes en el primero, que en el segundo se acaba convirtiendo en Derecho natural de gentes. La concepción de Suárez sobre el derecho natural se sustenta en afirmar la no inmutabilidad plena de éste y se combina con el derecho de gentes, en el que se comprenden las costumbres de los distintos pueblos. La idea viquiana del derecho natural de gentes abre las puertas al historicismo y al culturalismo como la base en la que sustenta dicho derecho, lo que supone una visión claramente humanista y pluralista del orden normativo, frente al abstractismo racionalista ilustrado.

The paper deals with the influence of Francisco Suárez’s thought on Giambattista Vico. First it focuses both on the analysis of Suárez’s concepts of Natural Law and Ius Gentium, which subsequently becomes People’s Natural Law. Suarez’s overall conception of Natural Law is based on the assumption that Natural Law is not immutable and plays a significant role in defining the scope of Ius Gentium, which includes the wide varieties of cultural traits and behaviours. Vico’s idea on Natural Law, as has been generally acknowledged, yields both to historicism and culturalism, being both trends the base on which Natural Law is rooted. It would emerge then, that Vico claims for both a humanist and pluralistic vision of normative order, in a striking contrast with that of Enlightenment’s more abstract conception.