Experimental analysis of atmospheric heat sinks as heat dissipators

Abstract

Overheating, a general problem both in urban spaces and inside buildings, calls for the deployment of passive cooling techniques to reduce energy consumption, protect the environment and institute satisfactory comfort levels. A key factor in such techniques is the capitalisation on the cooling potential of natural heat sinks. The sky, one such sink, has essentially limitless cooling power. In addition, its temperature on fair nights is lower than that of other environmental sinks (ground and air). The sky's promise in that respect prompted this exploration of the potential of nocturnal radiation cooling. A review of the state of the art revealed that in all the radiative dissipators developed and tested to date the dissipation fluid (water) transferred heat indirectly to the heat sink (the sky) by circulating water inside solar collector pipes. The highest values reported for maximum dissipation power were on the order of 100 W/m2. The present study aimed to asses night time dissipation power in a dual system in which water circulated either inside pipes or flowed down the outer surface of the collector. The two modes, one involving in-pipe circulation and the other outer surface downflow, were compared experimentally, for whereas the former has been analysed and assessed by earlier researchers, the latter has not. The empirical findings verified that downflow setups enhanced cooling, delivering up to five-fold the dissipation power obtained with the conventional arrangement.