Artículos (Ingeniería Telemática)

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/11387

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Easing the development of healthcare architectures following RM-ODP principles and healthcare standards
(Elsevier, 2013-03) Calvillo Arbizu, Jorge; Román Martínez, Isabel; Rivas Rivas, Sergio; Roa Romero, Laura María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática; CIBER-BBN; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TIC203: Ingeniería Biomédica
RM-ODP has been widely accepted and used in the field of system and software model engineering and of enterprise computing within different environments. One of these specific domains is healthcare, in which the international standard Health Information Services Architecture (HISA) is applied under the directives of RM-ODP. HISA presents a flexible architecture identifying common use cases, actors, information, and services and easing its extension with specific services, systems and information. The HISA standard follows system specification through the RM-ODP viewpoints but it does not consider other features of the reference model, such as the Enterprise language or the UML4ODP specification. In this paper, we introduce the rationale and specification of the three technology-independent viewpoints of an HISA-based architecture conforming to RM-ODP and UML4ODP. Moreover, we evaluate how easy it is to extend this architecture to introduce specific services and elements. As proof of concept we explore security and privacy issues (i.e., requirements, actors, information objects, etc.) and enrich the architecture with suitable objects and services, mainly from access control standardization efforts. In addition, a detailed discussion about the divergences between RM-ODP and HISA is presented. The main contribution of our work is to develop (guided by RM-ODP, HISA, and other standards) a methodology and tools allowing healthcare service developers and designers to build solutions conforming to standards and leveraging the benefits of distribution and interoperability. These tools consist of the specification of three technology-independent viewpoints according to the guidelines of HISA, RM-ODP and UML4ODP for the healthcare domain, and they will be freely available. In parallel, these viewpoints are extended with access control issues, and the adequacy of the HISA extension mechanism is evaluated.
Empowering citizens with access control mechanisms to their personal health resources
(Elsevier, 2013-01) Calvillo Arbizu, Jorge; Román Martínez, Isabel; Roa Romero, Laura María; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática; CIBER-BBN; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TIC203: Ingeniería Biomédica
Background: Advancements in information and communication technologies have allowed the development of new approaches to the management and use of healthcare resources. Nowadays it is possible to address complex issues such as meaningful access to distributed data or communication and understanding among heterogeneous systems. As a consequence, the discussion focuses on the administration of the whole set of resources providing knowledge about a single subject of care (SoC). New trends make the SoC administrator and responsible for all these elements (related to his/her demographic data, health, well-being, social conditions, etc.) and s/he is granted the ability of controlling access to them by third parties. The subject of care exchanges his/her passive role without any decision capacity for an active one allowing to control who accesses what. Purpose: We study the necessary access control infrastructure to support this approach and develop mechanisms based on semantic tools to assist the subject of care with the specification of access control policies. This infrastructure is a building block of a wider scenario, the Person-Oriented Virtual Organization (POVO), aiming at integrating all the resources related to each citizen’s health-related data. The POVO covers the wide range and heterogeneity of available healthcare resources (e.g., information sources, monitoring devices, or software simulation tools) and grants each SoC the access control to them. Methods: Several methodological issues are crucial for the design of the targeted infrastructure. The distributed system concept and focus are reviewed from the service oriented architecture (SOA) perspective. The main frameworks for the formalization of distributed system architectures (Reference Model-Open Distributed Processing, RM-ODP; and Model Driven Architecture, MDA) are introduced, as well as how the use of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is standardized. The specification of access control policies and decision making mechanisms are essential keys for this approach and they are accomplished by using semantic technologies (i.e., ontologies, rule languages, and inference engines). Results: The results are mainly focused on the security and access control of the proposed scenario. An ontology has been designed and developed for the POVO covering the terminology of the scenario and easing the automation of administration tasks. Over that ontology, an access control mechanism based on rule languages allows specifying access control policies, and an inference engine performs the decision making process automatically. The usability of solutions to ease administration tasks to the SoC is improved by the Me-As-An-Admin (M3A) application. This guides the SoC through the specification of personal access control policies to his/her distributed resources by using semantic technologies (e.g., metamodeling, model-to-text transformations, etc.). All results are developed as services and included in an architecture in accordance with standards and principles of openness and interoperability. Conclusions: Current technology can bring health, social and well-being care actually centered on citizens, and granting each person the management of his/her health information. However, the application of technology without adopting methodologies or normalized guidelines will reduce the interoperability of solutions developed, failing in the development of advanced services and improved scenarios for health delivery. Standards and reference architectures can be cornerstones for future-proof and powerful developments. Finally, not only technology must follow citizen-centric approaches, but also the gaps needing legislative efforts that support these new paradigms of healthcare delivery must be identified and addressed.
Improving adult day services through technology: a user-based approach
(The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2017-04) Calvillo Arbizu, Jorge; Roa Romero, Laura María; Estudillo Valderrama, Miguel Ángel; Vera Vera, Joaquín; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática; CIBER-BBN; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TIC203: Ingeniería Biomédica
Adult day services (ADS) are receiving increased attention due to shifts in health and social policies encouraging home and community-based services for an aging population. However, some issues hinder ADS effectiveness such as the need of diversification of interventions focused on elderly people (with different needs and dependency levels) or the undertrained staff. This work presents an analysis of current ADS gaps from interviews to Spanish geriatric experts and scientific literature. An innovative user-based technology implementation is approached to address the most relevant missing gaps identified: formal assessment of user's skills and status before joining the ADS, establishment of personalised interventions for each user, user classification on groups according to characteristics of user members etc. This approach allows to assess elderly over time to generate knowledge about his/her psychological and physical conditions and about the general factors that accelerate/delay deterioration caused by age.
Modelling the epidemiology of Escherichia coli ST131 and the impact of interventions on the community and healthcare centres
(Cambridge University Press, 2016) Talaminos Barroso, Alejandro; López Cerero, Lorena; Calvillo Arbizu, Jorge; Pascual Hernández, Álvaro; Roa Romero, Laura María; Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Red Española de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria; Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC203: Ingenieria Biomédica
ST131 Escherichia coli is an emergent clonal group that has achieved successful worldwide spread through a combination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to develop a mathematical model, based on current knowledge of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing ST131 E. coli, to provide a framework enabling a better understanding of its spread within the community, in hospitals and long-term care facilities, and the potential impact of specific interventions on the rates of infection. A model belonging to the SEIS (Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Susceptible) class of compartmental models, with specific modifications, was developed. Quantification of the model is based on the law of mass preservation, which helps determine the relationships between flows of individuals and different compartments. Quantification is deterministic or probabilistic depending on subpopulation size. The assumptions for the model are based on several developed epidemiological studies. Based on the assumptions of the model, an intervention capable of sustaining a 25% reduction in personto- person transmission shows a significant reduction in the rate of infections caused by ST131; the impact is higher for non-ESBL-producing ST131 isolates than for ESBL producers. On the other hand, an isolated intervention reducing exposure to antimicrobial agents has much more limited impact on the rate of ST131 infection. Our results suggest that interventions achieving a continuous reduction in the transmission of ST131 in households, nursing homes and hospitals offer the best chance of reducing the burden of the infections caused by these isolates.

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Examinando Artículos (Ingeniería Telemática) por Agencia financiadora "European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)"