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Miniatura
Acceso AbiertoArtículo
Cortical volumetry and longitudinal cognitive changes in Parkinson’s disease: insights from the COPPADIS cohort
(Springer, 2025) Álvarez-Avellón, Tania; Solares, Carmen; Álvarez‑Carriles, Juan; Franco-Rosado, Pablo; Diaz‑Galvan, Patricia; Santos-García, Diego; Mir Rivera, Pablo; Menéndez‑González, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina; Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético; Alpha Bioresearch; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Junta de Andalucía; Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; European Union (UE)
Cognitive decline is a major non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often linked to brain atrophy. This study examines the relationship between cortical atrophy and age groups in predicting cognitive decline in PD over five years. 188 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were stratified by age: young (30–55 years, N = 47), middle-aged (56–65 years, N = 59), and older adults (66–75 years, N = 82). Baseline cortical volume was assessed using T1-weighted MRI, and cognitive decline was evaluated using the annual rate of change of the Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS). Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied to evaluate group differences. Main analyses consist of several multiple regression analyses to examine associations between baseline brain atrophy and cognitive decline by age group. Older adults exhibited significantly greater cognitive decline in comparison to the younger age groups in the three compose scores of the PDCRS -Fronto-subcortical (H(2) = 41.08, p < 0.001), Posterior Cortical (H(2) = 22.03, p < 0.001), and Total(H(2) = 41.13, p < 0.001). Higher educational level has a significant positive effect on older adults, specifically for working memory performance, delayed verbal memory and the fronto-subcortical composed score. Multiple regression models underscored the predictive value of the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex, right precuneus, and right isthmus cingulate gyrus, together with being an older adult or having a higher education. MRI measures, age, and education predict cognitive decline in PD. Longitudinal assessments are essential for refining atrophy-cognition correlations and optimizing patient stratification.
Miniatura
Acceso AbiertoArtículo
Structural assessment of the medieval city wall of Seville (Spain) using low-cost accelerometers
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Serrano Chacón, Álvaro Rubén; Mascort-Albea, Emilio J.; Romero Hernández, Rocío; Canivell, Jacinto; Muñoz Chavero, Fernando; Hidalgo Fort, Eduardo; Jaramillo Morilla, Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas II (ETSIE); Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP018: Ingeniería del Terreno; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP211: Conservación Preventiva del Patrimonio Construido; Universidad de Sevilla. TIC192: Ingeniería Electrónica
The remains of fortifications are commonly found embedded in the contemporary urban fabric of historic cities. Due to their typological nature, these heritage assets are usually elements of great size and impact on the urban landscape. Their location within cities exposes them to very specific risks, such as pollution, vibration, biodegradation, and anthropic factors, which must be taken into account for the proper conservation and maintenance of such remains. The case of the medieval wall of Seville (Spain), built on rammed earth, shows specific factors of vulnerability, degradation, and erosion which prompt the need for non-destructive techniques (NDT). In the present research, vibration-based inspection is used and, specifically, when subjected to ambient vibrations. The collection of accelerations, which covered a period of nine months, was conducted in different parts of the structure under study by using mainly high-resolution accelerographs. These data allowed to perform an exhaustive dynamic characterisation of this defensive structure. Among other findings, it was determined that the filling of cracks and voids in the walls increased the fundamental frequency by about 2 %. In addition, no serious damage to the structure was found. Knowledge of the historic buildings' condition is essential in order to determine the most appropriate intervention. To this end, a protocol for the global structural diagnosis of these buildings has been proposed. It is based on the recording of accelerations with low-cost accelerographs. Besides being an inexpensive protocol, it allows a quick decision making, since the dynamic characterization of the structure is performed by means of the fast Fourier transform. Basically, the designed protocol is based on the variation of the fundamental frequency of the structure between two time instants. These values are used for the calculation of a damage index. By means of an exhaustive review of conventional masonry buildings tested in the laboratory, the damage index has been correlated with the state of the structure prior to collapse. Specifically, this threshold, which ranges from DS4 to DS5 according to the criteria of the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98), provides a valuable reference point for the structural assessment of historical box-shaped constructions with conventional masonry load-bearing walls. This simplified procedure for structural diagnosis was applied in its initial phase at the White Tower. It was found that this protocol is able to identify the fundamental frequency of the structure with an error of <0.65 % in comparison to the results obtained through operational modal analysis methods.
Miniatura
Acceso AbiertoArtículo
District heating based on biogas from wastewater treatment plant
(Elsevier, 2019-08-01) Picardo Pérez, Alberto; Soltero Sánchez, Víctor Manuel; Peralta-Álvarez, María Estela; Chacartegui, Ricardo; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería del Diseño; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP992: Diseño e Ingeniería; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP137: Máquinas y Motores Térmicos
Wastewater treatment plants have a relevant role within the circular economy chain of the cities. They purify contaminated waters and materials and biogas can be recovered from their processes. This article analyzes the potential integration of District Heating systems with wastewater treatment plants, using the biogas generated, in combination with natural gas, to supply heat and domestic hot water to the municipalities integrated in the wastewater network. A methodology is proposed to analyze the potential for implementation of these systems based on the evaluation of the requirements of transmission and distribution networks and cost benefit analysis. As case study this methodology was applied to 88 sewage treatment plants located in the Atlantic and Continental regions of Spain. Each wastewater treatment facility provides services to more than 50,000 equivalent users. The analysis is oriented to district heating system in cities with high/medium urban wastewater load. Analytical expressions to estimate capital expenditures as function of district heating network capacity have been obtained from data of the municipalities under analysis. The results for the analysed region show a potential for CO₂ emissions savings of 1.8 Mt per year with an overall investment of 2,854 M euros.
Miniatura
Acceso AbiertoArtículo
Combining extrusion and hot compression molding for the development of bioplastics and nano-biocomposites based on rice bran
(Elsevier, 2025-08) Alonso González, María; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Romero García, Alberto; Pollet, Eric; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
The increasing interest in environmentally friendly plastic materials has driven the search for alternative raw materials to replace conventional oil-based plastics. Proteins and starches derived from renewable biomass have emerged as potential sources for the production of bioplastics due to their biodegradability and abundance. This research paper focuses on the development of bioplastics and nano-biocomposites based on rice bran through the combination of extrusion and compression molding. The study explores the optimization of processing conditions for the biopolymer matrix and investigates the influence of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles as a reinforcement phase. The results demonstrate the successful development of rice bran-based bioplastics, where optimized extrusion and compression molding conditions enhanced mechanical performance (35% increase in storage modulus, 15% in tensile strength, and 30% in elongation at break). The addition of MMT nanoclay further enhances these properties, increasing rigidity and adjusting water uptake capacity. The study highlights the suitability of extrusion and hot compression molding for processing complex starch/protein mixtures, offering a viable approach for and the valorization of industrial by-products.
Miniatura
Acceso AbiertoArtículo
Parent Participation in the Spanish School System: School Councils
(Canadian Center os Science and Education, 2017) Cobano-Delgado Palma, Verónica; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación y Pedagogía Social; Universidad de Sevilla. HUM596: Educación de Personas Adultas y Desarrollo
Parents of pupils participate in the supervision and management of Spanish schools through the School Council [Consejo Escolar], which is the principal body through which such participation and oversight is channeled. Through it families, pupils, teachers and non-teaching staff contribute collectively to making the important decisions affecting schools. Its members are chosen by means of an electoral process that must be public and objective; voting must be personal, direct, secret and not delegable. The Council’s composition varies from one Autonomous Community to another and its character depends on the characteristics of each school – public or private – on the type of education offered as well as on the space, teaching staff and pupils it has at its disposal. Under the recent educational reform, democratic participation on the part of the various sectors which make up the school community has been drastically curtailed. Parents’ representatives, teachers, pupils, administrative and municpal staff on the School Council find their contribution relegated to a merely consultative level
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