Response of exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation to small perturbations in a class of complex external potentials having supersymmetry and parity-time symmetry

Abstract

We discuss the effect of small perturbation on nodeless solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in 1 + 1 dimensions in an external complex potential derivable from a parity-time symmetric superpotential that was considered earlier (Kevrekidis et al 2015 Phys. Rev. E 92 042901). In particular, we consider the nonlinear partial differential equation { i ∂t + ∂2 x + g|ψ(x, t)| 2 − V+(x) } ψ(x, t) = 0, where V+(x)=(−b2 − m2 + 1/4)sech2 (x) − 2i m b sech(x) tanh(x) represents the complex potential. Here, we study the perturbations as a function of b and m using a variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formalism. We compare the result of this variational approach with direct numerical simulation of the equations. We find that the variational approximation works quite well at small and moderate values of the parameter product bm which controls the strength of the imaginary part of the potential. We also show that the dissipation functional formalism is equivalent to the generalized traveling wave method for this type of dissipation.