Artículos (Ingeniería Química)
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Artículo Development of new albumen based biocomposites formulations by injection moulding using chitosan as physicochemical modifier additive(Elsevier, 2014-05-01) Martín Alfonso, José Enrique; Romero García, Alberto; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesIn this study, albumen/chitosan (EA/CH) based biocomposites were successfully prepared using injection moulding method. In particular, the influence of CH as physicochemical modifier additive in composite materials with EA protein matrix in different concentrations in the range of 0–40 wt.% were considered. Biocomposites from EA/CH were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), tensile properties, water absorption capacity and standard tests to assess antimicrobial activities of the composites were also evaluated. FTIR analysis showed no new chemical bonds, suggesting that there was no chemical reaction and that the interaction was weak between the two biopolymers. DMTA spectra were qualitatively similar for EA/CH biocomposites, and comparable to commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE). The incorporation of CH particles led to less stiff and less elastic composites. Thermal properties of albumen composite were affected by CH addition. Water absorption capacities of the modified composites were smaller than neat albumen composite.Artículo Development of albumen/soy biobased plastic materials processed by injection molding(Elsevier, 2014-03-01) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Martín Alfonso, José Enrique; Romero García, Alberto; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España; Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesBiobased plastics from renewable polymers constitute a highly interesting field for relevant industrial applications such as packaging, agriculture, etc., in which thermomechanical techniques (i.e. extrusion, compression molding, etc.) are increasingly being used. In spite of the potentials of injection molding in the manufacture of shaped products it is still scarcely used with biopolymers. This study evaluates injection molding as an alternative to produce biobased materials from blends prepared in a mixing rheometer, using different albumen/soy ratios and glycerol as the plasticizer. Viscoelastic measurements and DSC of protein/glycerol blends were used to select suitable processing conditions. Physicochemical properties of injection-molded probes were characterized through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength, water uptake and transmittance tests. Occurrence of shear-induced effects over mixing was confirmed by extractability analysis of protein concentrates and blends, particularly for soy-based systems. Both proteins and their mixtures yield injection-molded bioplastics, although showing lower mechanical properties than LDPE standards.Artículo Modelling the non-linear interfacial shear rheology behaviour of chickpea protein-adsorbed complex oil/water layers(Elsevier, 2019-03) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Romero García, Alberto; Carrera Sánchez, Cecilio; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos Multicomponentes; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR211: Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas DispersosThe objective of this work is the evaluation of chickpea protein adsorption at oil/water (O/W) interface as a function of protein concentration and pH value (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5). To assess molecular interpretation, interfacial tension is determined as a function of concentration with a Wilhelmy plate, whereas interfacial small amplitude oscillatory shear (i-SAOS) properties are determined using a double wall-ring (DWR) geometry controlled by a DHR3 rheometer (TA Instruments) and a pendant drop tensiometer (IT Concept) is used to determine linear viscoelastic dilatational measurements. This work provides a model which could predict both the linear and non-linear viscoelastic behavior of complex fluid-fluid interfacial layers. To this end, relaxation tests using the DWR device are carried out at the interface under the linear and non-linear regimes. Steady state viscosity values are also obtained to check the ability of the model to predict the interfacial flow behaviour. Results show that the Wagner-I model can reproduce fairly well the steady state flow behaviour of chickpea protein-adsorbed interfaces. This model is based on the use of a memory function calculated from the generalized Maxwell (obtained from i-SAOS measurements) and a damping function obtained by the Laun model from linear and non-linear relaxation tests.Artículo Characterisation of the bioactive properties and microstructure of chickpea protein-based oil in water emulsions(Elsevier, 2019-07) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Cermeño, María; Romero García, Alberto; FitzGerald, Richard J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesLegumes, such as chickpea, represent a good source of high quality proteins for which there is an increasing global consumer demand. A chickpea protein concentrate (CP) was generated by isoelectric precipitation. Protein determination, electrophoretic and gel permeation chromatographic analysis revealed that the order of CP solubility was pH 7.5 > 2.5 > 5.0. Sunflower oil in water (O/W) emulsions were generated with the CP at pH 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5. Microstructural evaluation of the emulsions using laser light-scattering particle size analysis, optical microscopy and rheological analysis showed that smaller droplet size (3.1 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.1 μm) and the highest elastic moduli (876.0 ± 3.2 and 563.5 ± 6.5 Pa) were obtained in those emulsions generated with CP at pH 2.5 and 7.5. The ferric reducing (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of the CP emulsions ranged from 194.5 ± 19.2 to 242.4 ± 8.4 μmol Trolox Eq·g−1 CP for FRAP at pH 2.5 and 5.0, respectively, and from 313.2 ± 2.6 to 369.0 ± 1.6 μmol Trolox eq·g−1 CP for ORAC at pH 5.0 and 2.5, respectively. The enzyme inhibitory activity of the emulsions was generally low irrespective of the pH value (c.a. 3 and 30% inhibition for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, respectively). Simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of the emulsions significantly decreased their FRAP whereas it increased their ORAC values as well as their ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities irrespective of the pH value of the CP. These results demonstrate the potential application of reduced fat CP-stabilized emulsions for the provision of antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.Artículo Investigation of linseed oil-in-water nanoemulsions with an ecological surfactant: Interfacial activity, stability and rheological enhancements(Elsevier, 2024-10-30) Barquero, Marina; Sánchez García, Rosa M.; Santos Gacia, Jenifer; Trujillo-Cayado, Luis Alfonso; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Appyclean 6552, an ecological and biodegradable emulsifier, and its use in combination with Ghassoul clay in the formulation of emulsions using linseed oil as dispersed phase. The surface and interfacial activity of Appyclean 6552 were studied and they remain constant above 0.05 wt%, proving the interfacial activity of this ecological emulsifier. Moreover, linseed oil-in-water (15 wt%) emulsions were produced by ultrasonication optimising the processing time and the emulsifier concentration, following the response surface methodology. In addition, centrifugal tests were carried out to quantify the stability of the systems. Interestingly, the optimum for droplet size and stability index was the same (2.21 wt% of Appyclean 6552 and 521 s in ultrasonicator). Finally, it can be observed how the addition of a rheological modifier as Ghassoul clay provokes the formation of a structured system that confers great stability. This study can expand the knowledge about Appyclean 6552 as stabiliser of systems that could be applied to food or pharmaceutical fields.Artículo Effect of Recycling on Thermomechanical Properties of Zein and Soy Protein Isolate Bioplastics(MDPI, 2024-01-31) Alsadat-Seyedbokaei, Fahimeh; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Bengoechea Ruiz, Carlos; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesBioplastics are an alternative to reduce the environmental damage caused by petroleum-based plastics. However, the effect of primary recycling (reprocessing) of bioplastics from biomass resources has not yet been well studied. If successful, this would boost the landing of recyclable and biodegradable bio-based materials to the market. In order to meet the challenge of recycling bioplastics, it is necessary to study the reprocessing of bio-based materials that potentially behave as thermoplastics. This study investigated the primary recyclability of Zein- and soy protein isolate (SPI)-based bioplastics by reprocessing. Protein powders were initially mixed with glycerol (Gly), which acts as a plasticizer, and the blends were subjected to injection moulding. Initial specimens were reprocessed by injection moulding up to five times. The effect of reprocessing was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile test, and water uptake capacity (WUC). Finally, the property–structure relationship was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the recycled SPI-based bioplastics reduced elongation at break (i.e., ɛMax decreased from 0.8 to 0.3 mm/mm), whereas the parameters from tensile tests did not decrease upon recycling for Zein-based bioplastics (p < 0.05). The results obtained confirm that it is possible to reprocess protein-based bioplastics from two different renewable sources while maintaining the mechanical properties, although the loss of Gly was reflected in tensile tests and WUC. These results highlight the possibility of replacing petroleum-based plastics with bio-based materials that can be recycled, which reduces dependence on natural biopolymers and contributes to sustainable development.Artículo Influence of Hydrolysis on the Bioactive Properties and Stability of Chickpea-Protein-Based O/W Emulsions(American Chemical Society, 2020-08-20) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Cermeño, María; FitzGerald, Richard J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Fundación Alfonso Martı́n Escudero; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThis study evaluated the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the emulsion microstructure and bioactive properties of oil-in-water emulsions generated using chickpea protein concentrate (CP) and its 10 and 210 min Alcalase CP hydrolysates (CPH₁₀ and CPH₂₁₀, respectively) at three pH values (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5). Chromatographic profiles demonstrated CP protein breakdown following hydrolysis. Increasing the degree of hydrolysis resulted in increased emulsion droplet size and decreased viscoelastic moduli. The antioxidant capacities of the emulsions generated with CPH₁₀ and CPH₂₁₀ increased significantly compared to those generated with CP and were pH-dependent. Both angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activities were significantly increased in emulsions stabilized with CPH₂₁₀; however, these results were also pH-dependent. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the emulsions resulted in a significant increase in all bioactivities. These results demonstrate the potential for enzymatic hydrolysis to beneficially modulate the emulsifying and bioactive properties of CP proteins.Artículo Influence of mold temperature on the properties of wastewater-grown microalgae-based plastics processed by injection molding(Elsevier, 2020-10) González Balderas, Regina M.; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Bengoechea Ruiz, Carlos; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Orta Ledesma, María Teresa; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesNowadays there is a need for sustainably produced degradable bio-based plastics to lessen the high dependence on non-renewable petrochemical resources. Therefore, this study evaluates the development of bio-based plastics from Desmodesmus sp. and Tetradesmus obliquus biomass cultivated in wastewater. Also, it evaluates the effects of mold temperature over the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the bioplastics by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile tests, and water uptake capacity (WUC). Results prove that an increase in injection molding temperature resulted in an increase in the viscoelastic properties (elastic moduli, G′, from oscillatory torsion tests increased from 3.8 · 10⁷ ± 0.2 Pa to 6.0 ± 0.1 Pa and from 2.2 · 10⁷ ± 0.2 Pa to 3.3 ± 0.1 Pa for Desmodesmus sp. and T. obliquus, respectively) and a decrease in WUC (from 865.9 ± 44.6% to 447.5 ± 28.7%, and from 393.6 ± 18.6% to 219.2 ± 5.3% for Desmodesmus sp. and T. obliquus, respectively), suggesting a direct relationship between protein cross-linking. Desmodesmus sp. based bioplastics showed higher maximum stress and WUC than T. obliquus based bioplastics, while T. obliquus based plastics showed higher strain at break. These differences could be related to the high cell wall rigidity of Desmodesmus sp. which might induce the formation of lower toughness probes with higher swelling capacity. Moreover, its higher protein content (31%) may lead to stronger molecular interactions which explained a higher σmax (28.8 MPa). On the other hand, T. obliquus induced compact, rigid, and tough plastics that kept their structure after water immersion. Additionally, a certain cell wall disruption may take place when processing T. obliquus based plastic, which may favor cross-linking to a larger extent than in Desmodesmus sp. system. The bio-based plastics developed may provide high-value and sustainable solutions for the by-products generated in wastewater treatment.Artículo Influence of fuel formulation on exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicle(ELSEVIER, 2025-04-06) Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz; Paloma Alvarez-Mateos; Jose Alberto Sanchez-Martín; María Guirado; Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sanchez; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR155: Obtención de BiocombustiblesFuel formulations are adjusted seasonally to optimize engine performance and emissions control. This study examines the impact of these changes on emissions from a Euro 6 vehicle during a real driving emissions cycle in Madrid, Spain. Keeping temperature constant, we compared winter and summer gasoline. Results show that using winter gasoline in summer increases nitrogen oxides emissions by 12.6 %, while in winter, it raises particulate emissions by 17.2 % compared to summer gasoline. Additionally, in a typical scenario—using summer gasoline in summer and winter gasoline in winter—particle emissions were 17.7 % higher with winter gasoline. These findings highlight the need to refine fuel formulations, as internal combustion engines will continue to coexist with electric and hybrid vehicles, especially in freight transport, agriculture, and rural mobility. Understanding how seasonal gasoline variations affect emissions is crucial for developing strategies to reduce environmental impact and improve air quality year-round.Artículo Developing active poly(vinyl alcohol)-based membranes with encapsulated antimicrobial enzymes via electrospinning for food packaging(Elsevier, 2020-11-01) Alonso González, María; Corral-González, A.; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Romero García, Alberto; Martín Alfonso, José Enrique; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThe present study addresses the immobilization of the GOX enzyme into a conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) membrane and a multi-layer membrane system (PCL/PVOH/PCL), both synthetized through electrospinning technique. More specifically, the enzyme was encapsulated inside a PVOH hydrophilic membrane, which was in turn protected by two hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes (multilayer system). The manufactured systems were characterized through IR spectroscopy, enzymatic kinetics and mechanical properties. Moreover, the morphology of the fibers composing the membranes was studied by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and image analysis. Finally, the enzyme activity of the systems was in-vitro bacterial cultures using E. coli. The results obtained indicate that the addition of the GOX enzyme involves a slight reduction of the mechanical properties (maximum strain at break and maximum stress), which is associated with an increase of the polydispersity of the generated fibers. However, the mats showed antibacterial properties, which were evidenced by the inhibition of E. coli growth. These results indicate that this technique is suitable for the immobilization of enzymes with potential use in the active packaging industry.Artículo Rheological approaches as a tool for the development and stability behaviour of protein-stabilized emulsions(Elsevier, 2020-07) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Carrera Sánchez, Cecilio; Romero García, Alberto; Bengoechea Ruiz, Carlos; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos Multicomponentes; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR211: Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas DispersosEmulsion stability is the primary requirement for the industrial applications of many commercial food products. This work analyses the importance of rheology on the characterisation of protein-adsorbed systems, from complex fluid-fluid interfaces to bulk emulsions, as well as their relationship to the stability behaviour of the final emulsion. To accomplish this aim, three case studies involving protein-adsorbed systems at different scales are discussed: bulk rheological properties of protein-stabilized emulsions, interfacial rheology of proteins adsorbed at O/W interface, and the links between interfacial and bulk rheology of proteins/polysaccharide mixtures. The knowledge of the interfacial behaviour on a nanoscale is essential for the development of optimal properties on both the microscale (droplet size distributions and microstructure) and the macroscale (bulk rheology and stability). This work presents linear and nonlinear rheology of complex interfaces, including a discussion on recent progress available for analysing and modelling nonlinear interfacial rheology data. In addition, a similar rheological analysis for protein-stabilized emulsions is reviewed, with the aim of exploring possible links between interfacial shear rheology and emulsion rheology, as well as their connections to emulsion microstructural parameters and emulsion stability. This approach, which mainly relies on the characterization of the interface, might be regarded as very useful to tailor interfaces for the development of optimal emulsion microstructure and stability.Artículo Effect of cinnamaldehyde on interfacial rheological properties of proteins adsorbed at O/W interfaces(Elsevier, 2019-12) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Yang, Jack; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Sagis, Leonard M.C.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThe dynamics of heterogeneous food products such as emulsions can be affected significantly by the interfacial properties of their interfaces. Proteins are widely used to increase the stability of these food products. This work compares the interfacial properties of a model protein (whey protein isolate, WPI) and silkworm pupae (SLW) adsorbed at the O/W interface. A natural aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde, CNM) was used for both protein systems in order to promote protein-protein interactions. Interfacial properties were characterised during protein adsorption and after reaching a quasi-equilibrium state by means of oscillatory and step dilatational, and oscillatory interfacial shear measurements. The results obtained from dilatational and interfacial shear tests showed that the use of CNM resulted in the development of stronger interfaces, with higher values for the dilatational and surface shear storage moduli, and a lower loss tangent. Step-dilatation tests indicated that the addition of CNM also resulted in more homogeneous interfaces. Our results show that CNM addition can enhance the surface properties of SLW, to a level which is close to the properties of un-modified WPI stabilized interfaces.Artículo Influence of the processing variables on the microstructure and properties of gelatin-based scaffolds by freeze-drying(Wiley, 2019-02-23) Pérez-Puyana, Víctor Manuel; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Romero García, Alberto; Guerrero Conejo, Antonio Francisco; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, España; Universidad de Sevilla; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesIn the last few years, the field of tissue engineering has suffered an exponential growth, and although it is true that the processing parameters affect the properties of the scaffolds, only a few studies have investigated that statement. For that reason, the influence of different parameters involved in the freeze-drying process (container, freezing temperature, pH, and solvent used) on the mechanical and structural properties of gelatin-based scaffolds was analyzed in this study. Thus, rheological measurements and porosity analyses were performed to evaluate the scaffolds obtained. Results indicate that the parameters evaluated modify the mechanical properties of the scaffold, highlighting the option of a plastic mold to contain an acidic protein solution produced using a weak acid (acetic acid) at low concentration (0.05 M) as solvent. On the contrary, only the pH and the freezing temperature led to significant differences in the porosity of these scaffolds, obtaining values higher than 95% for all the systems studied. These results are useful to demonstrate that the control of the different parameters implied in the processing technique allows designing a scaffold with specific properties suitable for different applications.Artículo Lyocell/silver knitted fabrics for prospective diabetic foot ulcers treatment: Effect of knitting structure on bacteria and cell viability(Elsevier, 2025-04-01) Tavares, Tânia D.; Ribeiro, Artur; Bengoechea Ruiz, Carlos; Rocha, Diana; Alcudia Cruz, Ana; Begines Ruiz, Belén; Silva, Carla Carolina; Antunes, Joana C.; Felgueiras, Helena P.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fundación Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Portugal (FCT)Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes, often resulting in infections and further health deterioration. Thus, the development of an approach combining different therapies in just one formulation to treat DFUs remains very challenging. Silver-plated polyamide fibers offer antimicrobial properties, while lyocell provides biodegradability, biocompatibility and moisture management abilities. In this sense, the present study explores the potential of lyocell/silver-plated polyamide fabrics as part of advanced wound dressings designed to improve DFU treatment. The most common knitting structures, namely single jersey, “false” rib 1 × 1, single pique, and “false” interlock, were selected for combining the yarns and successfully processed using seamless technology. The knitted fabrics were then subjected to a comprehensive analysis of their physical, chemical, and thermomechanical properties, demonstrating that the samples met the criteria for effective wound dressing development. Their antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against DFU-associated Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing strong antimicrobial activity for up to 24 h, with total inhibition in some cases (jersey, pique and interlock structures for E. coli and interlock structure for P. aeruginosa). Antioxidant testing revealed DPPH reduction of 61.7 ± 14.4 %. Biocompatibility was assessed using keratinocytes HaCaT cell lines, showing that knitted fabrics with up to 1.46 % silver content did not harm mammalian cells. In general, interlock structure revealed the most promising features, including mechanical performance, and air and water vapor permeability, for promoting optimal wound healing conditions.Artículo Anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater by inverse fluidization: The inverse fluidized bed and the inverse turbulent bed reactors(Taylor & Francis, 2003) Arnáiz Franco, Carmen; Buffière, Pierre; Elmaleh, Samuel; Lebrato Martínez, Julián; Moletta, Renè; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (MEC). EspañaThis paper describes the application of the inverse fluidization technology to the anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater. Two reactors were investigated: the inverse fluidized bed reactor and the inverse turbulent reactor. In these reactors, a granular floating solid is expanded by a down-flow current of effluent or an up-flow current of gas, respectively. The carrier particles (Extendospheres(™)) were chosen for their large specific surface area (20,000 m2m−3) and their low energy requirements for fluidization (gas velocity of 1.5 mm s−1, 5.4 m h−1). Organic load was increased stepwise by reducing hydraulic retention time from more than 60 days to 3 days, while maintaining constant the feed COD concentration. Both reactors achieved more than 90% of COD removal, at an organic loading rate of 10–12 kgCOD m−3d−1, respectively. The performances observed were similar or even higher than that of other previously tested fluidized bed technologies treating the same wastewater. It was found that the main advantages of this system are: low energy requirement, because of the low fluidization velocities required; there is no need of a settling device, because solids accumulate at the bottom of the reactor, so they can be easily drawn out and particles with high-biomass content can be easily recovered. Lipid phosphate concentration has been revealed as a good method for biomass estimation in biofilms since it only includes living biomass.Artículo Anaerobic degradation of p-coumaric acid and pre-ozonated synthetic water containing this compound(Elsevier, 2004) Otal Salaverri, Emilia; Arnáiz Franco, Carmen; Gutiérrez Martínez, Juan Carlos; Lebrato Martínez, Julián; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaChemical treatment previous to biological treatment of p-coumaric acid may represent a strategy in order to improve its biodegradability. In this work, anaerobic biodegradation of synthetic waters containing this compound and pre-oxidized waters by ozonation was studied. The critical and optimum retention times for the reactor fed with p-coumaric acid were 15.9 and 20 days, respectively. Under the optimal operational conditions removal percentage ranged from 85 to 90%. The bioreactor for ozonated p-coumaric acid was operated at a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 days, since lower HRT caused its destabilization and during period of more stability the percentage of removal varied between 71 and 84%. Thus, the use of the ozonation as chemical pre-treatment did not enhance biological degradation of p-coumaric acid. On the other hand, microorganisms able to use p-coumaric acid (or its major intermediates produced from the ozonation treatment), were isolated at maximum tolerated concentrations of these compounds. Since the ozonation as chemical pre-treatment did not improve p-coumaric acid biodegradation, the enrichment of these isolated strains could be the most adequate strategy to enhance the biological degradation of p-coumaric acid.Artículo Rheological properties of quinoa-based gels. An alternative for vegan diets(Elsevier, 2021-11) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Camacho-Ocaña, Zulema; López-Castejón, María Luisa; Ruiz Domínguez, Manuela; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla; Junta de Andalucía; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThe replacement of meat-based foods by new plant-based matrixes is in the focus of the scientific community. Quinoa is considered a pseudo-cereal which has brought the interest of the numerous researchers, mainly due to its amino acidic profile and bioactive properties. This work analyses the rheological behaviour of gels based on quinoa flour (QF) as a function of QF concentration (300, 250, 200 and 150 g/kg) and temperature (60, 70, 80 and 90 °C). The rheological characterisation comprises from QF dispersion to final gels, passing through the gelling stage by means of oscillatory shear tests. QF dispersions (before the thermal treatment) already exhibited a weak gel-like response, due to the high QF concentration. However, the heat treatment applied indicated that proper QF-based gels were obtained when the processing temperature was above the gelation temperature of the starch (~65 °C). Moreover, the highest viscoelastic moduli were obtained at the higher temperature (90 °C) and QF concentration (300 g/kg, G′1 = 14,300 ± 37 Pa), whereas the smallest values were obtained for lower QF concentration and temperature (G′1 at 60 °C = 1,150 ± 15 Pa).Artículo Relationship between interfacial and foaming properties of a Porphyra dioica seaweed protein concentrate(Elsevier, 2021-02) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Puerta, Eva María; Bengoechea Ruiz, Carlos; Carrera Sánchez, Cecilio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos Multicomponentes; Universidad de Sevilla. AGR211: Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas DispersosPorphyra dioica macroalgae can be regarded as a food-grade protein source that can be used for the stability of dispersed food systems. This work is focused on the foaming properties of a seaweed protein concentrate (SWE) from Porphyra dioica. The characterisation of air-water (A/W) interfacial layers formed after the SWE adsorption was carried out by means of interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelastic measurements and step deformation tests. These results were related to those obtained for SWE stabilized foams. Interfacial shear measurements indicate that not extensive protein-protein interactions at the A/W interface were developed (G'ₛ = 1.0 ± 0.1·10⁻² mPa m), whereas the dilatational response (E'ₛ = 23.5 ± 0.5 mN/m) match with the formation of a rigid interface as a result of a densely packed structure. Even if the foaming properties obtained for SWE (overall foam capacity, OFC, = 0.74 ± 0.01 mL/s) are similar to those reported for other commercial protein systems, its lower stability (t1/2 = 204 ± 4 s) would indicate the need of adding stabilizers for an adequate shelf life of the final food product. The suitability of combining dilatational and interfacial shear rheology to predict the dynamics of dispersed systems was proven to be relevant to acquire insights of complex interfaces.Artículo Structure and in vitro bioactive properties of O/W emulsions generated with fava bean protein hydrolysates(Elsevier, 2021-12) Félix Ángel, Manuel; Cermeño, María; FitzGerald, Richard J.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesThe use of plant-derived proteins in the generation of food products is gaining popularity as an alternative to proteins of animal origin. This study described the emulsifying and bioactive properties of fava bean protein hydrolysates (FBH) generated at low and high degree of hydrolysis (DH), i.e., FBH₈ (low DH: 8.4 ± 0.3) and FBH₂₁₀ (high DH: 15.6 ± 0.7) when adjusted to three different pHs (3.0, 5.0 and 8.0). Overall, FBH₈, had more favourable emulsifying properties compared to the FBH₂₁₀. The emulsion generated with FBH₈ at pH 8.0 also had the highest antioxidant activity when measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays with values of 1108.6 ± 3.8 and 1159.9 ± 20.5 μmol Trolox Eq·g⁻¹ emulsion, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the emulsions, in most cases, remained unchanged following in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Both the FBH₈ and FBH₂₁₀ emulsions following in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion were able to inhibit the activities of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with ∼45% and 65% inhibition, respectively. These results indicated that hydrolysates from fava bean may find use for the generation of bioactive emulsions.
Artículo Lab-scale biocomposite manufacturing: Exploring rice bran-based bioplastics reinforced with natural fillers through extrusion and injection molding(Elsevier, 2025-01) Alonso González, María; Félix Ángel, Manuel; Romero García, Alberto; Sergi, Claudia; Bavasso, Irene; Sarasini, Fabrizio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Universidad de Sevilla. TEP229: Tecnología y Diseño de Productos MulticomponentesBioplastics from agro-food industry by-products offer a sustainable alternative to the environmental concerns linked to petroleum-derived plastics. Rice bran (RB), an abundant and low-cost by-product rich in protein and starch, is a promising feedstock but poses challenges due to its complex composition. This study investigates the integration of natural fillers (cellulose, flax, and hazelnut shell) into a RB-based matrix. At low filler content (2 wt.%), all fillers increased stiffness from 138 MPa to 190, 184 and 196 MPa for cellulose, flax and hazelnut shell, respectively. Higher contents (5–10 wt.%) showed varied effects: flax and cellulose improved Young's modulus only up to 5 wt.% due to agglomeration, while hazelnut shell had beneficial effects even at 10 wt.% even for tensile strength (improving from 2.5 to 3.4 MPa). Additionally, all fillers enhanced viscoelastic moduli and thermal stability, with hazelnut shells showing the most significant improvements, making them a promising additive for bioplastics.