Processing and characterization of ceramic composites with two dimensional layered nanomaterials

Abstract

This thesis work is focused on the development of novel multifunctional zirconia composites using two different 2D nanomaterials as fillers, few-layered graphene (FLG) and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS). BNNS were exfoliated using three different technologies. Eco-responsible powder homogenization routines were evaluated for the dispersion of the nanostructures throughout the ceramic powder and the materials were consolidated using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) furnace. A systematic study of the powder processing and the sintering conditions on the composites with FLG revealed the optimal processing conditions to maximize the FLG crystallinity, which decreases the electrical percolation threshold below 1 vol%. The electrical discharge machinability of the composite with 20 vol% was also analyzed. The addition of the exfoliated BNNS resulted in homogeneous dense composites with submicrometer grain size. The incorporation of partly hydroxylated BNNS revealed the absence of chemical bonding at the zirconia/BN interphase. The scalability of the materials was confirmed in all the different materials. The evaluation of stable crack propagation evidenced rising R-curves only in the materials with larger nanosheets. Reinforcement by bridging of the nanosheets was corroborated although no influence of the reinforcement was detected when measuring the fracture toughness. Finally, since tetragonal stabilized zirconia is sensitive to the presence of water molecules, slow crack growth and hydrothermal aging were analyzed on the composites with either type of nanosheets.