Análisis gráfico descriptivo del sistema de torres islámicas de la Sierra de Segura (Jaén): una aportación al conocimiento de la arquitectura rural diseminada en al-Andalus (S. XII)

Abstract

The valley formed by the Guadalimar and Hornos rivers in the Sierra de Segura (Jaén, Spain) was a territory of al-Andalus where in the 12th century the pathways that came from Ishibiya (Seville) and Gharnatah (Granada) joined to go towards Balansiyya (Valencia). A system of medieval towers of Islamic origin built in rammed earth is still preserved in this place. A set of structures articulated the territory connecting topography, pathways, fluvial networks, cultivated land... They were ancient buildings with the ability to organize the region, anthropize spaces and become key elements of the landscape that we admire today. The conservation status of these constructions allows determining their functional, typological, historical, constructive and formal characteristics. For this, an R&D&i project financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness is being developed, as part of which projects devoted to datation, typological classification and determination of implementation criteria of the towers are currently ongoing. Subsequently they will be characterized, digitized and included in a Geographical Information System, which will be disseminated. The primary sources used in this research are the buildings and traces that still remain on the site, and 2D and 3D drawings have been made of both the towers and their surroundings. The work is entirely based on the study of these material sources, true historical fossils, some of which have been preserved unaltered from the moment of their construction. In edition V of ReUSO 2017, the first advances of results were presented, showing the survey of one of the most emblematic remains in the area: El Cardete. The work that is exposed in this communication for the actual edition of ReUSO presents eight surveys of towers, four of them unpublished (Altamira, Gutamarta, Puerta de Segura, Sta. Catalina), as well as new data about the walled enclosure of Cardete. The surveys are shown at the same graphic scale, allowing a comparative view of the towers in contrast to each other as well as to other examples from the Iberian Peninsula.